OAKLAND UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT

DESIGN GUIDELINES

Kitchens & Gardens

Date [1/23/13]

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Design Guidelines

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Oakland Unied School District Design Guidelines

Design Guidelines

Kitchens & Gardens

Table of Contents
Contributors Introduction Kitchens Vision Site Kitchens Gardens Vision Garden Elements Additional Resources 4 5 6 7 10 11 14

Oakland Unied School District Design Guidelines

Design Guidelines

Kitchens & Gardens

Contributors
Zenobia Barlow Executive Director, the Center for Ecoliteracy Enomwoyi Booker Principal, Prescott Elementary Christine Broach Custodial Services, OUSD Roland Broach Director of Custodial Services, Facilities Planning & Management, OUSD Joe Cavanagh Deputy Program Manager, SGI Construction Management, OUSD David Colbert Facilities Coordinator, Facilities Planning and Management, OUSD Nancy Deming Sustainability Initiatives Program Manager, OUSD Park Guthrie Garden-Education TSA/Garden Council Facilitator, OUSD Josh Jackson Senior Strategist, MKThink Adam Kesselman Chef, Center for Ecoliteracy Robert Law Administrative Supervisor, Nutrition Services, OUSD Jennifer LeBarre Director, Nutrition Services, OUSD Cesar Monterrosa Facilities Coordinator, Facilities Planning and Management, OUSD Melvin Mumphrey Custodial Services, OUSD Michael Quintana Student, Met-West High School Carolie Sly Director of Education Programs, the Center for Ecoliteracy Charles Smith Coordinator, Buildings & Grounds, OUSD Leroy Stokes Director, Buildings & Grounds, OUSD

Oakland Unied School District Design Guidelines

Design Guidelines

Kitchens & Gardens

Introduction
The guidelines for Kitchens and Gardens in this document outline criteria for new construction and renovation projects as described by the Oakland Unied School Districts Educational Specications. The Educational Specications align with the districts 2012 Facilities Master Plan and the Community Schools, Thriving Students strategic plan to support the creation of a Full-Service Community School District. The specications provide a consistent framework for equitable facility designs across the district, but the unique characteristics of each school site and the distinct character and needs of each school program mean that each school facility project will have dierent architectural outcomes. Kitchens As of spring 2013, OUSDs Nutrition Services department is in the midst of a major transformation to implement the Nutrition Services Master Plan, which responds to the Community Schools, Thriving Students strategic vision. The results of this transformation will have an eect on the performance criteria for site-based kitchens, so guidelines for school kitchens will evolve as needed. This document will be updated as the plan for a new central kitchen is implemented. Gardens OUSD schools support gardens through a variety of programs and partnerships in order to provide a broad range of learning opportunities to students. OUSD is committed to continuing these eorts through the creation of new gardens and the ongoing maintenance of existing gardens.

Kitchen at Westlake Middle School

Garden at Acorn Woodland Childhood Development Center

Oakland Unied School District Design Guidelines

Design Guidelines

Kitchens & Gardens

Kitchens Vision
The Nutrition Services Master Plan will enable the district to serve more freshly prepared food procured from regional sources to address health disparities, food justice issues, student well-being, and readiness to learn. (Nutrition Services The Marcus Foster Center Concept Paper, The Center for Ecoliteracy. Link to Vegetation Policy to be provided) Outcomes from the plan will: Improve operational eciency through bulk cooking Increase the Districts use of locally-sourced ingredients Use resources and deliver meal services more sustainably Ensure equitable access to quality meals Provide learning opportunities to students and school communities Ultimately, facility guidelines are menu-driven, in that kitchens should be designed in service of providing healthy food to students, rather than the menu being dened by kitchen capabilities. To ensure that site-based kitchen facilities support this vision, their design should consider: Upcoming changes in district-wide food systems Anchored by a new central kitchen, OUSDs meal preparation and distribution will be reorganized and centralized. As a result, the role of site-based kitchens will change. Coordinate with Nutrition Services regarding performance criteria for each site kitchen. Community Access Some site-based kitchens will be developed as a community resource to support the creation of a Full Service Community District. These community kitchens will have additional needs and requirements beyond basic cooking kitchens. Increased access for teachers and the school community will require coordination among school administrators, Nutrition Services, and custodial sta. Equitable Access to Healthy and Nutritious Meals New and updated facilities should support the provision of fresher, local food, agricultural education, and beautiful environments at all OUSD schools. Educational Opportunities Kitchens and gardens will serve as teaching tools and support district curriculums. Operations, Health, Security and Safety Kitchen facility designs should take into account district guidelines for food service employees and other operational requirements.

Oakland Unied School District Design Guidelines

Design Guidelines

Kitchens & Gardens

Site Kitchens
There are several dierent kinds of site kitchens used by the Oakland Unied School District. Each type has its own characteristics and performance criteria. Finishing Kitchens Also known as warming kitchens, these facilities only have infrastructure to heat pre-packaged food. Although many school kitchens are currently congured in this way, nishing kitchens are not a part of Nutrition Services long term plan for the district. Basic Cooking Kitchens Basic cooking kitchens should have the ability to cook semi-prepared ingredients delivered from the OUSD central kitchen. Precise guidelines for these kitchens are dependent on the eventual conguration and capabilities of the OUSD Central Kitchen. Community Kitchens The Nutrition Services Master Plan includes the creation of community kitchens at 14 sites across the district. These kitchens will support a range of additional functions including: Culinary and nutrition education Community events Emergency preparedness Incubators for local start-ups and projects

Menu
Local Healthy Delicious

Central Kitchen
Capable of receiving from
local providers Centralized distribution Ecient operations Learning opportunities

Site Kitchens
Cooking, not warming Support teaching and learning Community Use

Oakland Unied School District Design Guidelines

Design Guidelines

Kitchens & Gardens

Site Kitchens
The components included in a given kitchen project will depend on the type of kitchen to be created as well as various constraints of the site. Consult with Nutrition Services on all kitchen projects. Sinks and Plumbing Site kitchens will require 3-drain sinks with associated plumbing infrastructure to complete meals from semi-prepared ingredients from the central kitchen. Consider sustainable design elements to minimize potable water use. Ovens and Stoves Ovens and stoves should have sucient capacity and power to fully cook meals -- heating ovens are insucient to align with the Nutrition Services Master Plan. Consider sustainable design elements to reduce energy consumption. Note that sites with solar power may be able to oset energy use from electric appliances. Refrigeration and Food Storage Locate refrigeration areas, freezers and dry storage adjacent to a loading dock to facilitate easy movement of materials. Arrange walk-in refrigeration and freezer units to maximize wall space for storage. Provide independent access to each walk-in unit. Provide ample storage near loading dock to facilitate other transfer functions. (Such as the donation of uneaten food that cannot be served.) Steam Tables and Salad Bars As site kitchens transition from warming to cooking, the service equipment may expand to include steam tables and salad bars. Consider placement and storage of such equipment, especially at schools with multi-purpose rooms where dining areas also have other functions.

Kitchen at La Escuelita Elementary School Plates, Trays, Service Wares A long term goal of the District is to replace disposable plates and utensils with permanent plates, trays, and service wares. This shift will require additional storage and additional dish-washing capacity. Some sites may need separately securable storage for small wares used during community events.

Oakland Unied School District Design Guidelines

Design Guidelines

Kitchens & Gardens

Site Kitchens

Mini Farmers Market Fresh Markets Program, Esperanza/Korematsu Elementary School. Photo by Georgeanne Brennan and Ann M. Evans (http://whoscookingschoolunch.com/?p=231) Waste Collection It is the districts goal to reduce the amount of waste produced at school sites and to redirect as much as possible from landlls. Facilities should support recycling, composting, and associated programs. Waste collection areas in kitchens should support onsite sorting. Provide space for the 3-4 large bins and consider the need for exibility to accommodate additional sorting programs in the future. Dumpster enclosures should be large enough to accommodate storage containers that can hold school waste for pick-up on a bi-weekly basis. Dumpster enclosures should be designed and scaled to allow for commercial front end loaders to access all bins without rearranging them, and be located with sucient space for trucks to approach and turn. Link to Waste Management Enclosure Access + Detail Specications to be provided Farmers Markets Many OUSD School Sites host farmers markets on their grounds. Consider providing a public yet secure area near the main entrance of the campus to locate a market. Provide a storage area for tent, tables, and additional equipment. Access and Security Congure security and alarm systems such that the kitchen and cafeteria may be accessed independently from the rest of the campus. Consider providing separately securable storage for small wares for community events, especially at sites with community kitchens.

Oakland Unied School District Design Guidelines

Design Guidelines

Kitchens & Gardens

Gardens Vision
Gardens can play a valuable role in OUSD schools of all levels. The Districts current board-adopted Vegetation Policy establishes support for these programs as a priority and site designs should include garden areas and facilities needed to maintain them. Cultivating a Sense of Shared Ownership Create partnerships with community organizations to foster shared use, maintenance, and ownership of school gardens. Supporting Learning Design gardens as teaching tool. Engage school teachers and the OUSD Garden Coordinator to develop plans for using each schools garden. Provide a variety of types of outdoor garden spaces for kids to play and use. Sustainability Feature design elements related to water conservation, native plants, and walkability as learning opportunities. OUSD is committed to supporting the Collaborative for High Performance Schools (CHPS) guidelines, which incentivize design practices to limit water use, reduce impervious surfaces, and provide provide infrastructure for school gardens. (See http://www.chps.net/dev/Drupal/node/32) Partnerships Consider that OUSD school gardens are often managed by community partners. Even when community partners manage a garden, the school site administration has nal decisions regarding garden use. Bay Friendly Landscape Guidelines Stopwaste.Org has produced a set of guidelines to support environmentally friendly landscaping in the bay area. The 7 principles outlined in the guidelines may serve as a helpful starting point for garden projects at OUSD schools.

Landscape in harmony with natural conditions of San Francisco Bay Watershed Reduce waste and recycling materials Nurture healthy soils while reducing fertilizer use Conserve water, energy, and topsoil Use integrated pest management to minimize chemical use Reduce stormwater runo and air pollution Protect and enhance wildlife habitat and diversity Source: http://www.stopwaste.org/home/index.asp? page=378

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Design Guidelines

Kitchens & Gardens

Garden Elements
Installation At schools with a strong commitment to gardening programs, OUSD Facilities and Buildings & Grounds may assist in the installation of basic garden infrastructure, such as: Raised beds Water hook-ups Landscape elements + trees Seating Buildings & Grounds will provide assistance with the following materials if they are in stock and if stang allows: Cut lumber to size Transfer soil and compost between vendors and sites Run water lines (depending on site conditions) Fix stripped hose bibs Supply leftover fencing materials Link to Vegetation Policy to be provided Maintenance The school site administration is responsible for managing garden installation and maintenance. School gardens should be scaled and designed to allow for school-based upkeep and care. Buildings and Grounds responsibilities are described in the chart below, as determined by the OUSD Vegetation Policy. Use physical designs, vegetation choices, and siting to minimize vermin/pest infestations.

Maintenance Responsibilities Buildings + Grounds Site Plumbing Campus Landscaping Campus Paths Site Fencing Haul Yard Waste (when possible) Site Administration + Partner Organizations Planter Boxes Drip Irrigation Paths Within Garden Garden Fencing Manage Yard Waste Mulch Soil + Compost

Garden infrastructure as-installed by Facilities and Building & Grounds at Sobrante Park Elementary School
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Design Guidelines

Kitchens & Gardens

Garden Elements
Siting Designated garden areas should receive ample direct sunlight. Consider eects of water drainage on school buildings and athletic elds. Locate gardens away from kitchen waste enclosures or other pest-prone areas. Planting Beds Beds should be approximately 8 feet long by 3-4 feet wide by 12-24 inches tall. At elementary schools, it is advisable to plan beds in a shorter, narrower conguration so that small children may reach them. Anticipate the need to refresh organic material annually. (See chart below for estimated volumes of material.) Planting beds on black-top should be located clear of circulation routes and should be sealed at the bottom to prevent leaching from asphalt. Beds on black-top must be cleared with Buildings & Grounds Alternate Use In the unfortunate event that community partnerships change or a gardening program is discontinued, a school garden area may be converted to an alternate use, especially if weeds or pests are a potential issue. Consider designs that can be removed intact or temporarily converted to alternate uses.

Raised planting beds at West Oakland Middle School

3-4

Approximate values for single 20-30 person class

# of 4 x 8 x 18 boxes

Area of garden

Organic compost or soil needed per year

1000 sq ft

1 cubic yard

Impt that theyre rectangular?

per box?

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Design Guidelines

Kitchens & Gardens

Garden Elements
Irrigation Hose bibs and stub outs should be located in an appropriate place convenient to the school garden, Shut o valves should be clearly marked. Outdoor Storage Outdoor storage facilities should be located away from lawns and away from buildings to which a structure could provide roof access. All sheds and greenhouses must be pre-approved by Buildings & Grounds. Indoor storage in adjacent buildings cannot share space with mechanical utilities. Materials Garden beds, boundaries, or furniture should not use materials like treated lumber, railroad ties, or tires that contain toxic chemicals Redwood, cedar, or plastic wood (i.e. Trex) should be used. Storage Equipment storage area should be weather proof, secure, and directly accessible from the outside. Provide grounded footings to anchor outdoor storage sheds or bins. Fencing Fencing should secure garden from public access. Consider fencing alternatives to basic chain-link. Plant Types Cactus, ivy, and plants with spines are not permitted. Invasive plant species are not permitted. (see http:// www.cal-ipc.org/ip/inventory/weedlist.php and http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/plant/ipc/encycloweedia/ encycloweedia_hp.htm) Edible Forests Fruit trees can be included as part of school garden to provide a dierent dimension to gardening activities. Fruit trees must be planted 25 feet from any building and 15 feet from fence lines. In areas where mowers may be active, trees should be placed 12 feet apart. (Planting of other trees must be coordinated with Buildings & Grounds.) Use dwarf fruit trees with a mature height of 7 feet or lower. Dwarf and semi-dwarf fruit trees can be considered for planting closer to buildings and fences with Buildings & Grounds prior approval. Maintenance must include the collection of fallen fruit. Outdoor Teaching Spaces Locate seating (benches, logs, etc...) proximate to gardening areas to provide teaching spaces. Consider providing shade structures or locating teaching spaces under trees.

New outdoor teaching space at Sankofa Academy. Note tree plantings that will grow to provide shade.

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Additional Resources
Bay Friendly Guidelines Stopwaste.org http://www.stopwaste.org/home/index.asp?page=378 California Invasive Plant Inventory Database California Invasive Plant Inventory http://www.cal-ipc.org/ip/inventory/weedlist.php California Encycloweedia California Department of Food and Agriculture http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/plant/ipc/encycloweedia/encycloweedia_hp.htm Collaborative for High Performance Schools California State Guidelines Collaborative for High Performance Schools http://www.chps.net/dev/Drupal/node/32 The Marcus Foster Center Concept Paper The Center for Ecoliteracy link Nutrition Services Master Plan The Center for Ecoliteracy link Rethinking School Lunch Oakland -- Feasibility Study The Center for Ecoliteracy http://www.ecoliteracy.org/downloads/rethinking-school-lunch-oakland-feasibility-study OUSD Vegetation Policy OUSD Board of Education link Contact: Building & Grounds Garden Coordinator: 510 879-2644

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