Using Procedures

Using Procedures
Copyright 2012, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Using Procedures
What Will I Learn?

Objectives Toggle and describe the visual difference between the scene editor and code editor Correlate storyboard statements with program execution tasks Identify the correct procedure to move an object Use procedures to move objects Add Java programming procedures to the code editor Demonstrate how procedure values can be altered Add a control statement to the code editor Use random numbers to randomize motion
Using Procedures
Why Learn It?

Purpose In movies, actors perform the actions described in a script, under the guidance of a director. Like a director, you will program objects to move and act, and make frequent changes as you go. You will need to know how to switch back and forth between the editors used to set up your scene and program your animation. You will also need to understand how to choose the correct programming instructions to make objects move as you intended.
Using Procedures
Prepare to Program
To prepare to program, use a top-down development approach: 1. Define the high-level scenario for the animation. 2. Document the actions that take place in the scenario, step-by-step, in a textual storyboard. Doing this helps you gain a thorough understanding of all of the actions that need to occur in the animation. 3. Create a table where you match the storyboard steps to the exact instructions that you need to program in Alice 3. 4. Review the table at several points during the animation's development to ensure you are creating it correctly and on-track to completion. Revise the table as necessary throughout the animation's development.
Using Procedures
Prepare to Program (cont.)

Review this example textual storyboard:
Do the following steps in order Chicken walks by Cat turns to look at Chicken Cat says, Dinner time! Chicken says, Oh no! Chicken turns to right Do the following steps together Chicken walks away quickly Cat walks away quickly
Using Procedures

Create a table to match the storyboard actions to the programming instructions needed for the animation.
Storyboard Action Program Instructions Order of Instructions Do in order Chicken walks by Cat looks at chicken Cat says, Dinner time! Chicken says, Oh no! Chicken and cat turn right Cat chases Chicken Chicken moves forward 2 meters Cat turns to face chicken Cat says Dinner Time! Chicken says Oh no! Chicken turns right .5 meters Cat turns right .125 meters Chicken move forward 2 meters Cat move forward 2 meters Do together
Using Procedures

Note that the object being programmed changes. Ensure that the correct object is selected when choosing a programming instruction.
Storyboard Action Program Instructions Order of Instructions Do in order Chicken walks by Cat looks at chicken Cat says, Dinner time! Chicken says, Oh no! Chicken and cat turn right Cat chases Chicken Chicken moves forward 2 meters Cat turns to face chicken Cat says Dinner Time! Chicken says Oh no! Chicken turns right .5 meters Cat turns right .125 meters Chicken move forward 2 meters Cat move forward 2 meters Do together
Using Procedures

Consider grouping the programming instructions together logically and inserting comments into your program to help organize your programing tasks.
//chicken and cat movement
Chicken walks by Cat looks at chicken Chicken moves forward 2 meters Cat turns to face chicken
//chicken and cat speaking

Cat says, Dinner time! Chicken says, Oh no! Cat says Dinner Time! Chicken says Oh no!
//chicken and cat movement away

Chicken and cat turn right Chicken turns right .5 meters Cat turns right .125 meters Chicken move forward 2 meters Cat move forward 2 meters
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Cat chases Chicken
Using Procedures

Once the objects are added to the scene in the scene editor, you can use one-shot procedures to precisely position them for the initial scene, or starting point, of your animation.
When positioning objects in a scene, a one-shot procedure is a piece of program code that is executed once to define a single movement for an object in the scene editor. Alice 3 has a set of these procedures available for each class.
Using Procedures

To call a one-shot procedure for an object, right-click on the object, select the procedure from the drop-down list, and specify the procedure arguments. The object will immediately move based on what you specified.
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Using Procedures
Writing the Animation Program

Once you have positioned the objects and are ready to write the animation program, from Scene View, click Edit Code to display the code editor.
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Using Procedures
Writing the Animation Program (cont.)

A scene can have multiple actors. Always make sure you are creating a programming instruction for the correct actor. Just below the scene view window in the code editor, there is an instance pull down menu. Use the instance pull down menu to select the actor, or object, for which you want to specify a programming instruction.
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Using Procedures

For example, if you have a pajama fish and a clown fish in your scene, and you want the pajama fish to move forward choose the pajama fish in the instance menu before creating the programming step to move forward.
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Using Procedures

To create a programming instruction for a specific object, click and drag the programming instruction into the myFirstMethod area of the code editor.
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Using Procedures

Below the instance pull down menu is the Methods Panel containing three tabs that organize the Procedures, Functions, and Properties for the object selected in the instance pull down menu: Procedures tab: initially displays all of the pre-defined procedures for an object. Functions tab: displays all of the pre-defined functions for an Switch between the object. tabs in the Methods Properties tab: displays all of Panel to select a the properties of an object. procedure, function, or object property.
Copyright 2012, Oracle. All rights reserved. 15
Using Procedures
Programming Statements
The Procedures tab: Displays a pre-defined set for each class Displays procedures declared for the class Procedure examples: Move Turn Roll
A procedure is a piece of program code that defines how the object should execute a task. Alice 3 has a set of procedures for each class, however, users can create (declare) new procedures.
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Using Procedures
Programming Arguments
There are two components that follow the name of the object in a programming statement: Procedure name Procedure arguments Programming arguments initially display with ??? to indicate the location at which the argument will be placed.
Procedure Arguments
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Using Procedures
Programming Arguments (cont.)

Arguments are selected after the procedure is dragged into the code editor using cascading menus. Argument types can include: Direction Amount Duration Target Text
An argument describes how to perform the procedure.
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Using Procedures
Programing Arguments (cont.)

Use the menus to select the appropriate argument for a procedure. You may need to simply select a placeholder argument that can be changed later.
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Using Procedures
Programming Arguments (cont.)

To change an argument use the menu accessed by clicking the down pointing arrow to the right of the argument value. Select the applicable option from the argument list.
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Using Procedures
Executing A Program
Click the Run button to execute the programming instruction.
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Using Procedures
Object Direction
An object can move in six directions: Up Down Forward Backward Right Left
Object direction is egocentric. For example, if an object is facing you, and you specify an instruction for the object to turn left, the object will turn to its left, not to your left.
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Using Procedures
Move Procedure
The move procedure moves the object in all six directions. You select the direction and distance to move.
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Using Procedures
Move Toward Procedure

The move toward procedure moves the object toward another object. You select the object to move, the object to move toward and the distance the object will move.
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Using Procedures
Move Away From Procedure

The move away from procedure moves the object away from another object. You select the object to move away from, and the distance to move.
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Using Procedures
Move To Procedure
The move to procedure will move an object the distance to the center of the target object. You select the object to move to, and the program calculates the distance for you.
You may want to use additional procedures to adjust the position of the moving object so it does not stay in the center of the other object.
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Using Procedures
Move and Orient To Procedure

The move and orient to procedure will move an object the distance to the center of the target object. Additionally, it adjusts the moving object's orientation to match the orientation of the target object. You select the object to move to, and the program calculates the distance for you as well as adjusts the object's orientation.
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Using Procedures
Delay Procedure
The Delay procedure will halt an object for a specific number of seconds. You select the number of seconds to delay until the next procedure is executed.
In this example, the clock delays one second, then the hour hand on the clock rolls to the left 0.25 meters.
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Using Procedures
Say Procedure
The Say procedure will create a call out bubble with text to make an object appear to talk. You can use the pre-defined text or choose to annotate your own text.
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Using Procedures
Rotation Procedures
There are two procedures for rotating objects: Turn Roll The turn procedure rotates objects on their center point: Left Right Forward Backward The roll procedure rolls objects on their center point: Left Right
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Using Procedures
Turn and Roll Procedures Compared

The object below rotates (turns) on its center point, right and left.
Stationary
Right Turn
Left Turn
The object below rotates (rolls) on its center point, right and left.
Stationary
Right Roll
Left Roll
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Using Procedures
Roll Procedure Example

Roll Right and Left Example:
Some objects have sub-parts that are also movable. In this example, the pocket-watch object has hour and minute hand sub-parts. The sub-parts may be animated to roll on the clock's center point.
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Using Procedures
Examining Sub-part Rotation

Rotation can be applied to an entire object, or select parts (sub-parts) of the object.
Above, the object's sub-part (its head) displays rings; the rings show the sub-parts' range of motion.
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Using Procedures
Edit Programming Statements

You use the drag-and-drop method to bring procedures into the code editor. You can reorder your objects using dragand-drop also. There is a dotted area to the left of the object name. Use this dotted area to drag-and-drop without changing an argument's value.
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Using Procedures
Edit Programming Statements (cont.)

Right click on programming statements to delete them.
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Using Procedures
Control Statements
Procedures listed in the code editor will execute sequentially unless instructions are given to the program to execute in a different manner. These instructions are referred to as control statements. Control statements define how to execute a sequence of programming statements in a manner other than sequentially. Examples: Do in order: Execute statements in sequential order; referred to as sequential control Do together: Execute statements simultaneously Count: Execute statements a specific number of times While: Execute while a condition is true
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Using Procedures
Control Statements (cont.)

Control statement tiles are located below the programming statements you have entered into the code editor. You can enter control statements before or after programming statements are entered into the code editor. Example 1: you can enter programming statements into the code editor, run the program, and then determine you want two procedures to execute at the same time. You can then drag a do together control statement into your code editor and move the two procedures into the control statement. Example 2: you can pre-determine that you want two programming statements to execute simultaneously. You can drag a do together control statement into your code editor and then create the two procedures within the control statement.
Copyright 2012, Oracle. All rights reserved. 37
Using Procedures
Step 1: Insert Control Statement

Drag-and-drop the first control statement into the code editor.
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Using Procedures
Step 2: Select Instance

Select the correct instance object from the instance pull down menu.
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Using Procedures
Step 3: Enter Procedure

Drag the first procedure into the control statement in the code editor.
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Using Procedures
Step 4: Select Argument Values

Select the values for the arguments to create the complete programming statement. Test as necessary.
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Using Procedures
Step 5: Repeat Steps 1-4

Repeat steps 1-4 until all of the programming statements are entered into the control statement.
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Using Procedures
Step 6: Run the Animation

Test that the animation works as intended at run-time.
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Using Procedures
Step 7: Edit Programming Statements

It may take several attempts to get the animation to work as desired. Edit programming arguments as necessary. These steps are often referred to as testing and debugging.
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Using Procedures
Debug the Animation

You may run your animation many times, making adjustments to the arguments after each execution. This refinement is referred to as debugging and testing. Be sure to save often while debugging your program.
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Using Procedures
Random Numbers
Random numbers are a sequence of numbers generated by the computer with no pattern in their sequence. For example: 15674 -6934022.1133 03 Computers require random number generation for: Security: Randomly generated passwords Simulation: Earth science modeling (e.g., erosion over time)
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Using Procedures
Random Numbers (cont.)

In the real world, animals do not move in straight geometric lines. They change direction, even if slightly, as they walk, swim and fly. Random numbers may be utilized in the distance argument of a procedure, so that an object moves in a less predictable manner that appears more lifelike. Examples:
The floating motion of a fish
The flying motion of a bird
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Using Procedures

When you use random numbers you specify a low and high value for the range of numbers from which to pull a randomized number. Examine the example below. An up and down move procedure has been established for the clownFish. You replace the placeholder value with the Random option.
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Using Procedures

You choose the argument containing the ??? placeholders.
NextRandomRealNumberInRange
Then you specify the values desired from the list of available values or by specifying a custom decimal number for each range value.
Custom Decimal Number
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Using Procedures

Be sure to specify both the minimum and maximum range values.
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Using Procedures

When the animation is run, the fish will move a random amount up and down.
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Using Procedures
Terminology
Key terms used in this lesson included: Argument Control statement Instructions Orientation One shot procedure Procedure Program Random numbers
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Using Procedures
Summary
In this lesson, you learned how to: Toggle and describe the visual difference between the scene editor and code editor Correlate storyboard statements with program execution tasks Identify the correct procedure to move an object Use procedures to move objects Add Java programming procedures to the code editor Demonstrate how procedure values can be altered Add a control statement to the code editor Use random numbers to randomize motion
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Using Procedures
Practice
The exercises for this lesson cover the following topics: Working with the code editor tools Creating a program with procedures Using random numbers to randomize motion Presenting your work
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Using Procedures

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Using Procedures

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Using Procedures

Copyright 2012, Oracle. All rights reserved.

What Will I Learn?

Copyright 2012, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Why Learn It?

Copyright 2012, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2012, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Prepare to Program (cont.)

Copyright 2012, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Prepare to Program (cont.)

Copyright 2012, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Prepare to Program (cont.)

Copyright 2012, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Prepare to Program (cont.)

//chicken and cat speaking

//chicken and cat movement away

Cat chases Chicken

Copyright 2012, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Prepare to Program (cont.)

Copyright 2012, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Prepare to Program (cont.)

Copyright 2012, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Writing the Animation Program

Copyright 2012, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Writing the Animation Program (cont.)

Copyright 2012, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Writing the Animation Program (cont.)

Copyright 2012, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Writing the Animation Program (cont.)

Copyright 2012, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Writing the Animation Program (cont.)

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Copyright 2012, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Programming Arguments (cont.)

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Programing Arguments (cont.)

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Programming Arguments (cont.)

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Move Toward Procedure

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Move Away From Procedure

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Move and Orient To Procedure

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Turn and Roll Procedures Compared

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Roll Procedure Example

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Examining Sub-part Rotation

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Edit Programming Statements

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Edit Programming Statements (cont.)

Copyright 2012, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2012, Oracle. All rights reserved.