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Phase Diagrams
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Introduction
Phase: A region in a material that differs in structure and function from other regions. Phase diagrams:
Represents phases present in metal at different conditions (Temperature, pressure and composition). Indicates equilibrium solid solubility of one element in another. Indicates temperature range under which solidification occurs. Indicates temperature at which different phases start to melt.
Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering, 5th Edn. Smith and Hashemi
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For pure water, at triple point, 3 phases coexist. There is one component (water) in the system. Therefore 3 + F = 1 + 2 F = 0. Degrees of freedom indicate number of variables that can be changed without changing number of phases.
Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering, 5th Edn. Smith and Hashemi
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
Cooling Curves Used to determine phase transition temperature. Temperature and time data of cooling molten metal is recorded and plotted.
Iron
Pure Metal
Thermal arrest : heat lost = heat supplied by solidifying metal Alloys solidify over a range of temperature (no thermal arrest)
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Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering, 5th Edn. Smith and Hashemi
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Isomorphous system: Two elements completely soluble in each other in liquid and solid state. Example: Cu-Ni solution. Composition at liquid and solid phases at any temperature can be determined by drawing a tie line.
Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering, 5th Edn. Smith and Hashemi
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
Figure 8.4 7
Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering, 5th Edn. Smith and Hashemi
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Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering, 5th Edn. Smith and Hashemi
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering, 5th Edn. Smith and Hashemi
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
Eutectic temperature
Liquid
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Cooling
Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering, 5th Edn. Smith and Hashemi
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Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
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Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering, 5th Edn. Smith and Hashemi
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Peritectic reaction occurs when a slowly cooled alloy of Fe-4.3 wt% Ni passes through Peritectic temperature of 15170C. Peritectic point is invariant.
cooling
4.3 wt % Ni
Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering, 5th Edn. Smith and Hashemi
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Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering, 5th Edn. Smith and Hashemi
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Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering, 5th Edn. Smith and Hashemi
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
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Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering, 5th Edn. Smith and Hashemi
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
Intermediate Compounds
In some phase diagrams, intermediate compound are formed Stoichiometric Percent Ionic/Covalent bond depends on electronegativeness Example:- Mg-Ni phase diagram contains
Mg2Ni : Congruently melting compound MgNi2 : Incongruently melting compound.
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Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering, 5th Edn. Smith and Hashemi
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Temperature can be represented as uniform throughout the Whole Diagram Isothermal section.
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Foundations of Materials Science and Engineering, 5th Edn. Smith and Hashemi
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