Conclusion From project has been conducted , Failure is generally perceived to be fracture or complete separation of a member.

However, failure may also occur due to excessive deformation (elastic or inelastic) or a variety of other reasons. A number of basic failure theories were proposed and tested on a few materials. Most of the theories were based on the assumption that failure occurs when some physical variable such as stress, strain, or energy reaches a limiting value. Maximum- shearing stress criterion . This criterion is based on the observation that yield in ductile materials is caused by slippage of the material along oblique surfaces and is due primarily to shearing stresses. According to this criterion , a given structural component as safe as long as the maximum value T max of the shearing stress in that component remains smaller than the corresponding value of the shearing stress in a tensile test specimen of the same material as specimen starts to yield.The maximum value of the shearing stress under a centric axial load is equal to half the value of the corresponding normal, axial stress.We conclude that maximum shearing stress in a tensile test specimen is y as the specimen starts to yield. . However, only one other theory, the maximum distortional strain energy theory, predicts yielding better than does the Tresca theory and the differences between the two theories are rarely more than 15%.Maximum Distortion Energy Theory to The theory is based on a limiting energy of distortion, i.e. energy associated with shear strains Strain energy can be separated into energy associated with volume change and energy associated with distortion of the body. The maximum distortion energy failure theory assumes failure by yielding in a more complicated loading situation to occur when the distortion energy in the material reaches the same value as in a tension test at yield.This theory provides the best agreement between experiment and theory and, along the Tresca theory, is very widely used today. Program of study computer Science is the study of computer systems including algorithmic processes and the principles involved in the design of hardware and software. Computer scientists are primarily concerned with the design of algorithms, languages, hardware architecture, systems software, applications software and tools. Applications range from simple game playing to the control of space vehicles, power plants and factories, from banking machines to intelligent fault and medical diagnosis. Computer professionals, in short, are concerned with the creation of computer and information systems for the benefit of society.

From the question has been conducted, we apply used Computer science and the advantages of apply communication is improved, Computers science make life easier , mainly people benefit from it in the sense that it makes doing things a lot easier. The programs that help encoding and computing data a lot easier and faster and for disadvantages for this science computer, its hard to program and used it, without to know about this program we hardy to used and to learn this program its take time to catch up. Great advancement in the field of science and technology has resulted into the invention of numerous devices, which have made our life easy and comfortable. Among the devices, which are widely used in the present time. Indeed computer science has become basis need of modern people. There is a symbol of modernity. Despite this fact computer like other devices has pros and cons. Using computer science certainly has disadvantages but there are some good aspects of it too.

Maximum Shear Stress Theory to apply satisfactorily to ductile materials, the theory is based on the concept of limiting shearing stress at which failure occurs.Failure by yielding in a more complicated loading situation is assumed to occur when the maximum shearing stress in the material reaches a value equal to the maximum shearing stress in a tension test at yield. This yield criterion gives good agreement with experimental results for ductile materials because of its simplicity , it is the most often used yield theory. The main objection to this theory is that it ignores the possible effect of the intermediate principal stress, 2. However, only one other theory, the maximum distortional strain energy theory, predicts yielding better than does the Tresca theory and the differences between the two theories are rarely more than 15%.Maximum Distortion Energy Theory to The theory is based on a limiting energy of distortion, i.e. energy associated with shear strains Strain energy can be separated into energy associated with volume change and energy associated with distortion of the body. The maximum distortion energy failure theory assumes failure by yielding in a more complicated loading situation to occur when the distortion energy in the material reaches the same value as in a tension test at yield.This theory provides the best agreement between experiment and theory and, along the Tresca theory, is very widely used today.