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Posted on April 8, 2011 by admin

Given below is a last minute revisioner of Magnetism for the IIT JEE Physics paper . Note that the points covered are based on the exam point of view , and is not meant to be a comprehensive review of the entire magnetism portion. A moving charge / flowing electric current produces a magnetic feild ( which is a vector feild ) in addition to the electric force / feild . If a charged particle moves parallel to the magnetic feild , the magnetic force on the charge is zero . The magnetic force differs from an electric force in the fact that a) it depends on the particle velocity b) its direction is perpendicular to both |v| and |B| and c) it does no work in displacing a charged particle , provided the magnetic feild is constant. Consider a charged particle of mass m moving in an uniform magnetic feild | B | having an initial velocity vector | v | perpendicular to the feild. Then , the path radius = r = mv / qB , angular speed = qB/m and time period, T = 2 m/qB.If the motion in the uniform magnetic feild is at some arbitrary angle with respect to B , then the path becomes helical here there are two velocity components, the perpendicular component moving the charge in a circular path of radius given by r = mv1/qB and the parallel component moving along the feild lines. Pitch p = 2 m v/qB. Consider a charged particle moving in an electric feild which is perpendicular to the magnetic feild . Here , the particle velocity is perpendicular to both the feilds. The magnetic feild will rotate the particle in a circle in the x-z plane , || to the magnetic feild resulting in a helical path with increasing pitch . vx = vo cos ( Bqt/m ) and vz = vo sin ( Bqt/m ) . A current carrying conductor of any arbitrary shape in an uniform magnetic feild will experience a force |F| = I|L|x|B| where |L| is the length vector joining initial and final points of a conductor. If its a closed loop then |F| = zero. If the magnetic feild is not uniform , various elements of the loop will experience different forces - means that if the loop is free enough , the loop could have a circular motion , ie , |Fr| = zero, but | | may or may not be zero. Considering the force between two infinite , parallel current carrying conductors , the force / unit length = o I I/2 r . Note that the if the direction of current flow is the same , the wires will attract each other. As the magnetic feild pattern produced by a small current loop is like a bar magnet, it acts like a magnetic dipole . Here , if the loop is not lying in a single plane , two equal and opposite currents are to be assumed in a single branch [ note that the net change is zero ] and likewise the required loops are to be considered in different planes . For eg , for a cube of side I carrying a current i , |M| net = i I ( i + k ) . If a magnetic dipole changes its orientation in a magnetic feild by an infinitesimal angular displacement d , the feild does work dW given by d = dU , the change in potential energy . The energy present in the loop is U = |M| |B| . A moving point charge with velocity v creates circular magnetic feilds centered on the line of v and which are perpendicular to it. The magnetic feild , |B| = ( o /4 ) q|v|r/r . For a current carrying straight wire , the feild is zero for points along the length of the wire , but not on it. Here , as the feild is perpendicular to the plane containing both the wire and the point , the lines of force are concentric circles which encircle the wire. For the infinite long

wire , if the point is near the end , B = ( o /4 ) 2I/d and if the point is near one end , then, B = ( o /4 ) I/d . The magnetic feild at the centre of a current carrying arc is B = o I/2 R b) a point inside a long solenoid B = o n I c) for a point at one end of a long solenoid B = o n I /2 and d) for a point at a distance R from the centre of a flat strip of width a along its perpendicular bisector, B = ( o i / a ) tan - ( a/2R ) Note in cases where the points considered are far from the strip , B = ( o /2 ) ( i/R ) .

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