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Professor Cheng-Tzu Thomas Hsu, Ph.D., P.E. Pedro R. Muoz, Ph.D., P.E Sun Punurai, Ph.D. Wonsiri Punurai, Ph.D. Yazdan Majdi, Ph.D. Candidate _______________________________
St. Louis, MO - October 24, 2012
___________________________________________________________ 21st International Specialty Conference by CCFSS October 24-25, 2012 on Cold-Formed Steel Structures St. Louis, MO
CONCRETE SLAB
STEEL REBAR CONTINUOUS STEEL SHEAR CONNECTOR METAL DECK COLD FORMED JOISTS
___________________________________________________________ 21st International Specialty Conference by CCFSS October 24-25, 2012 on Cold-Formed Steel Structures St. Louis, MO
SCREWS
___________________________________________________________ 21st International Specialty Conference by CCFSS October 24-25, 2012 on Cold-Formed Steel Structures St. Louis, MO
___________________________________________________________ 21st International Specialty Conference by CCFSS October 24-25, 2012 on Cold-Formed Steel Structures St. Louis, MO
12 ft.
___________________________________________________________ 21st International Specialty Conference by CCFSS October 24-25, 2012 on Cold-Formed Steel Structures St. Louis, MO
Experimental Program at NJIT 2003 by S. Punurai and Dr. C.T. Thomas Hsu Materials
Span = 12 feet Simply Supported beam 3 and 3.5 Concrete, total slab depth - 3,000 psi (21 MPa) Cold-formed steel joists (back to back) 600S200-68 (12 ft ), Fy = 45 ksi Cold-formed steel hat channel (shear connector), Fy = 33 ksi Self-Drilling Fastening Hex Screws #10 (0.19) & #12 (0.21) Gage 20 Cold-formed steel deck (0.036 in.- thickness (0.914 mm)). Steel wire mesh concrete slab reinforcement
Specimens
CB1 Non-composite Beam CB2 Composite Beam CB3 Non-composite Beam CB4 Composite Beam CB5 Composite Beam CB6 Built-up CF Steel Beam
___________________________________________________________ 21st International Specialty Conference by CCFSS October 24-25, 2012 on Cold-Formed Steel Structures St. Louis, MO
600S200-68 Noncomposite 600S200-68 Composite 600S200-68 Noncomposite 600S200-68 Composite 600S200-68 Composite 600S200-68 Composite
#10
___________________________________________________________ 21st International Specialty Conference by CCFSS October 24-25, 2012 on Cold-Formed Steel Structures St. Louis, MO
___________________________________________________________ 21st International Specialty Conference by CCFSS October 24-25, 2012 on Cold-Formed Steel Structures St. Louis, MO
___________________________________________________________ 21st International Specialty Conference by CCFSS October 24-25, 2012 on Cold-Formed Steel Structures St. Louis, MO
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NO CONCRETE SLAB
Selftapping screws
Material: Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, Stainless steel 304, 316 Grade: 4.8,8.8,10.9 ; Size: various sizes are available Head: flange head, pan head,round head,countersunk head Finish: zinc plated, black, plain, Ni-plated, phosphate, HDP
___________________________________________________________ 21st International Specialty Conference by CCFSS October 24-25, 2012 on Cold-Formed Steel Structures St. Louis, MO
Simple Continuous shear connector 2 Continuous Shear connector with cutouts at bottom
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Remark
Specimen
Mode of Failure
Note
___________________________________________________________ 21st International Specialty Conference by CCFSS October 24-25, 2012 on Cold-Formed Steel Structures St. Louis, MO
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- Composite
CB2
Noncomposite
CB1
___________________________________________________________ 21st International Specialty Conference by CCFSS October 24-25, 2012 on Cold-Formed Steel Structures St. Louis, MO
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Remark
Specimen
CB3 Line loads with transverse bars in concrete slab Noncomposite CB4 Composite CB5 Composite CB6 Steel Only
Flexural failure less Ductile Flexural and Ductile failure Flexural and Ductile failure Lateral and torsional buckling
Point load
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Composite
Noncomposite
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19
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Applied loads versus strain distribution at midspan for composite section CB4
___________________________________________________________ 21st International Specialty Conference by CCFSS October 24-25, 2012 on Cold-Formed Steel Structures St. Louis, MO
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24
25
Noncomposite
concrete steel deck CF steel joists
t= c
Composite
fc
C T
concrete steel deck CF steel joists
t c
yt
ft = fy
ft = fy
fc < fy
N.A.
C T
concrete
c=
0.003
fc = 0.85fc
N.A.
C T
yt
yt
CF steel joists
t>
ft = fy
>
fy
___________________________________________________________ 21st International Specialty Conference by CCFSS October 24-25, 2012 on Cold-Formed Steel Structures St. Louis, MO
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Specimen
Remark
Fasteners Shear
Proc. I
Proc. II
Bending Bending
Bending Bending
9,950 (44.26)
7,607 (33.84)
Longitudinal Shear crack in concrete slab make the structure become a noncomposite built-up section (Point Load Pattern)
11,300 (50.26)
10,215 (45.44)
8,973 (39.91)
Longitudinal Shear crack in concrete slab make the structure become a noncomposite built-up section (Point Load Pattern)
___________________________________________________________ 21st International Specialty Conference by CCFSS October 24-25, 2012 on Cold-Formed Steel Structures St. Louis, MO
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Comparison of Analysis and Test Results for CB3, CB4, CB5, CB6
Maximum Analytical Load by computer program Test/ Analysis (lbs) Maximum (kN) Test Load Specimen (lbs) (kN) Fasteners Proc. I Proc. II Fasteners Proc. I Proc. II Shear 14,200 (63.16) 18,100 (80.51) 18,348 (81.61) 5,750 (25.58) Bending 8,053 (35.82) 10,084 (44.86) 10,084 (44.56) 5,125 (22.80) Bending 9,020 (40.12) 15,706 (69.86) 15,706 (69.86) 5,850 (26.02) 1.68 1.82 1.17 1.66 1.79 1.15 1.76 1.57 Shear Bending Bending Flexural failure Less Ductile Flexural and Ductile (Line Load Pattern) failure Flexural and Ductile failure
Mode of Failure
Remark
CB3
CB4
CB5
CB6
1.12
0.98
___________________________________________________________ 21st International Specialty Conference by CCFSS October 24-25, 2012 on Cold-Formed Steel Structures St. Louis, MO
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CONCLUSIONS
Tests Results indicate that ultimate strength and ductility of proposed composite section increase by 14-38% and 56-80%, respectively, as compared to a non-composite section or built-up section. The shear connector and self-drilling fasteners allow transfer of horizontal shear forces between concrete slab and cold formed steel joists. After the concrete slab starts to crack, compression buckling of top flanges of steel joists was observed in the non-composite section, while the composite section was able to withstand additional loads without buckling of top flange and was able to reach its full flexural strength capacity. The cold-formed hat channel shear connector and screws proved to be an efficient transfer mechanism to distribute the horizontal shear forces. From the observations, the composite specimens failure is caused by the tilting and bearing of fasteners, and is then followed by the compression buckling of the compression flange of cold formed steel joists. AISI needs to provide the engineers and designers a comprehensive Analysis and Design method of Composite Cold Formed Floor Systems.
___________________________________________________________ 21st International Specialty Conference by CCFSS October 24-25, 2012 on Cold-Formed Steel Structures St. Louis, MO
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CONCLUSIONS
The proposed analysis and design methods were found to be capable to predict the ultimate strength capacity of the new composite beam and floor system in terms of both shear strength of fasteners and flexural strength of the tested cold-formed steel composite beams with concrete slab. The Elastic Analysis Approach (Procedure I) can be used to determine the flexural strength of the new composite system if the concrete slab has not been reinforced by the transverse bars, The Inelastic Analysis Approach (Procedure II) can be used to evaluate the flexural strength if the transverse bars have been provided to the composite floor system and are properly installed in the concrete slab. Further Research work is necessary to better estimate the shear capacity of the screws used to connect the new type of continuous shear connector to the metal deck and cold formed steel joists. The limitation of the AISI on the use of screw connectors up to 1/4 needs to be reevaluated to expand the use of larger diameter of screws for cold formed composite floor systems.
___________________________________________________________ 21st International Specialty Conference by CCFSS October 24-25, 2012 on Cold-Formed Steel Structures St. Louis, MO
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CCFFS System: 4 concrete slab (3,000 psi), UF1X-24 ga galv. metal deck, 6x6 wire mesh (2)-1200S200-97 @ 4 o/c (40)-1/4 screws, Continuous 150F125-22Ga
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QUESTIONS ???
hsuc@njit.edu prm4@njit.edu
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