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Mankombu Sambasivan Swaminathan (born 7 August 1925) is an Indian geneticist and international administrator, renowned for his leading role in India's "Green Revolution," a program under which high-yield varieties of wheat and rice seedlings were planted in the fields of poor farmers.Swaminathan is known as the "Father of the Green Revolution in India", for his leadership and success in introducing and further developing high-yielding varieties of wheat in India. He is the founder and Chairman of the MS Swaminathan Research Foundation.[1] His stated vision is to rid the world of hunger and poverty.[2] Dr. Swaminathan is an advocate of moving India to sustainable development, especially using environmentally sustainable agriculture, sustainable food security and the preservation of biodiversity, which he calls an "evergreen revolution"The introduction of high-yielding varieties of seeds and the increased use of chemical fertilizers and irrigation are known collectively as the Green Revolution, which provided the increase in production needed to make India self-sufficient in food grains, thus improving agriculture in India.[1] High-yielding wheat was first introduced to India in 1968 by Dr. Borlaug. Borlaug has been hailed as the Father of the Green Revolution but M.S. Swaminathan is known as the "Father of the Green Revolution in India" The methods adopted included the use of high yielding varieties(HYV) of seeds.The production of wheat has produced the best results in fueling self-sufficiency of India. Along with high yielding seeds and irrigation facilities, the enthusiasm of farmers mobilized the idea of agricultural revolution and is also credited to M. S. Swaminathan and his team had contributed towards the success of green revolution. Due to the rise in use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers there were many negative effects on the soil and the land such as land degradation.Positive Impacts 1. Increase in production / yield.2. Advantage to farmers: this includes their economic situation improving, even small and marginal farmers (although they were late in joining) getting better yield, control on many insects and pests, mechanizing improved working conditions.3. Better land use by employing two and three crop pattern.4. Better scientific methods applied as per requirement of farms.5. New seeds have been developed with better yield and disease fighting capabilityNegative Impacts 1. Degradation of land: Due to change in land use pattern and employing two and three crop rotation every year land quality has gone down and yield has sufferred.Also due to heavy chemical fertilizer inputs land has become hard and carbon material has gone down.2. Weeds have increased: Due to heavy crop rotation pattern we do not give rest to land nor we have time to employ proper weed removal system which has increased weeds.3. Pest infestation has gone up: Pests which we used to control by bio degradable methods have become resistant to many pesticides and now these chemical pesticides have become non effective.4. Loss of Bio Diversity: Due to heavy use of chemical pesticides, insecticides and fertilizers we have lost many birds and friendly insects and this is a big loss in long term.5. Chemicals in water: These chemicals which we have been using in our farms go down and contiminate ground water which effect our and our children health.soil The nation of India extends more than 1 million square miles, most of which is under use by humans. Sixty-one percent of India's land surface is used for agriculture, according to the Gapminder Foundation. With such a large area under cultivation, farmers have had to adapt to a wide range of soil types and environments. Indian agriculture takes place anywhere from flood plains to deserts and mountains..The nation of India extends more than 1 million square miles, most of which is under use by humans. Sixty-one percent of India's land surface is used for agriculture, according to the Gapminder Foundation. With such a large area under cultivation, farmers have had to adapt to a wide range of soil types and environments. Indian agriculture t Manure is organic matter used as organic fertilizer in agriculture. Manures contribute to the fertility of the soil by adding organic matter and nutrients, such as nitrogen, that are trapped by bacteria in the soil. Higher organisms then feed on the fungi and bacteria in a chain of life that comprises the soil food web.It is also a product obtained after decomposition of organic matter like Animal manures

Inorganic fertilizers A chemical Fertilizer is known as inorganic fertilizer when its constituents are originated through synthetic means making them non- degradable. To sustain reliable and hastened growth, these fertilizers are added to the soil. Generally these fertilizers are manufactured keeping in mind the natural elements needed by the plants for healthy and convenient growth. They contain one or more of the essential growth nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium and various others. Once added to the soil, these nutrients fulfill the required demands of the plants and provide them the nutrients they naturally lacked or helps them retain the lost nutrients.

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