No

Purpose

Example

Banner

Is a flag or other piece of cloth like a symbol, logo, slogan or other message.

Poster

Pamphlet

Letter

A poster is any piece of printed paper designed to be attached to a wall or vertical surface. Typically posters include both textual and graphic elements, although a poster may be either wholly graphical or wholly text. They are a frequent tool af advertisers (particularry of events, musicians and film), propagandests, protestors and other groups trying to communicate a message. A pamphlet is an unbound booklet (that is, without a hard cover or binding). It may consist of a single sheet of paper that is printed on both sides and folded in half, in thirds or in fourths. Or it may consist of a few pages that are folded in half and sadle stapled at the crease to make a simple book. Letter is direct a written statement addressed to an individual or organization. Letter there are some of past The senders address The date of writing the letter The inside address Saluation / greeting The body of the letter Closing Kind of letter Personal letter Business letter

Advertisement

Advertisement is a form of communication used to persuade an audience (viewers, readers or listeners) to take some action with respect to products, ideas, or services

Announcement

Announcement is a simple text / note to inform something important to the targeted listeners.

Brochure

Greeting card

A brochure or pamphlet is leaflet advertisement. Brochure may advertise locations, events, hotels, products, services, etc. They are usually succinct in language and eye catching in design. The two most common brochure styles are single sheet and booklet (folded leaflets) forms. Greeting card is a card that expresses friendship or feelings of others. Greeting cards are given to pay attention to others. Kind of greeting card Business card Thank you card Get-well card Congratulation card Holiday card Short message is a short letter serves to inform someone about something. Ex, sms. Characteristics : Specific nature (just to give brief information) Personally addressed

Short message

NO

Purpose

Generic Structure
1) 2) 3) 4)

Language Feature
Focus on specific and individualized participants Use of material process (action verbs) Use some behavioral and verbal processes. Use of time conjunctions use of past tenses. Formula past tense : S + V2+0 Use of linking and mental verb. Linking verb Look at these sentences : Some of these illnesses are so bad. They get angry The underlined words above are called linking verbs. Mental verbs 1. Feeling verb, ex : like, love, hate, dislike 2. Thinking verb, ex : think, believe, dowet, understand, confuse. 3. Perceiving verb : (five senses) ex : see, smell, taste, watch, hear, listen. Use of temporal conjunctions and temporal circum tances. Focus an specific participants. Use of attributive and identifying processes. Frequent use classifiers in nominal groups. Use of the simple present tense. Emotive words such as : alarmed, worried. Words that qualify statement such as : usual probably Words that link arguments such as : firstly, however, on the other hand, therefore, first, second. Usually present noun. Formula : S + VI Compound and complex sentences. Using modals, general and abstract noun. Use of emotives words. Use of present tense. Use of modal and adverb. Use of compound and complex sentences. Use of subjective opinions using pronouns. Use of words that link arguments.

10

Narrative Text

To amuse entertain and deal with actual / vicarious experience in different way

1) Orientation The introduction of what is inside the text. 2) Evaluation Value the characters of the story. 3) Complication Describing the rising crises the participant have to do with. 4) Resolution This is the phase where the participants solve the problem aroused by the conflict. 5) Re-orientation The ending of the story can sad ending or happy ending.

5)

6) To describe particular person, place or thing 1) 2) Identification : to the subject of the description. Description : presenting the characteristics or the features of the subject, e;g. Physical appearance, qualities, habitual behavior, significant attributes. Thesis : (usually includes a preview argument. It introduces topics and indicates the writers position) Arguments : (consists of a point and elaboration sequence the number of points may vary, but each must be supported by discussion and evidence) Reiberation : (restates the position more forcefully in the light of the arguments presented) Thesis : The problem which happen in the text. Argument : Opinion from some people about the problem. Recommendations : Statement of what should or should not happen. 1) 2) 3) 4) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

11

Descriptive Text

1) Social function of the analytical exposition is to persuade the readers or the listeners that something in the case, to analyze or to explain.

2)

12

Analitical Exposition

3)

13

Hortatory Exposition

Hortatory exposition is a type spoken or written text, which is intended to explain the listeners or readers that something or should not happen or be done. Purpose: To persuade the readers or listeners that something should or should not be the case.

1) 2) 3)

1) The purpose of text which belongs to recount is to retell events or what happened in the past through a sequence of events.

14

Recount

2)

3)

Orientation Telling the participants who were involved, the setting where the event took place and when it happened. Events Telling what happened or the events in chronological order. Reorientation Summarizing the events or a closing statement.

Focus on specific participants, e.g (the writer) Use of action verbs, e.g. went, stayed. Focus on temporal sequence, e.g. on Saturday, on Sunday. Use of simple past tense, e.g on Saturday I went to bandung.

1) Spoof is a type of story which has a twist (funny part in the end of the story). It countains an unpredictable event which makes the story funny.

15

Spoof Text

Orientation : it contains introducing participants 2) Event 1 : it contains what happen to the characters. 3) Event 2 : continouing of event. 4) Twist : it contains unpredictable funny ending the story. 1. 2. General classification : tells what the phenomenon discussion is. Description : tells what the phenomenon under discussion is like in terms of parts qualities, habits or behavior. Abstract : signals the retelling of an unusual incident. Orientation : sets the scene Crisis : provides details of the unusual incident Incident : reaction to the crisis Coda : (optional) reflection of the incident.

1) 2) 3) 4)

Focusing on certain participants Using action verb Using adverb of time and place Using chronological order

16

Report Text

To describe the way things are with reference to a range of natural mainmade and social phenomena in our environment.

1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

Introducing group or general aspect. Using conditional logical connection : when, so etc. Using simple present tense. Using general nouns (such as elephants, snakes, etc) technical terms. Formal and impersonal language (avoiding first and second pronoun like I, you instead using third pronoun like it, they)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

17

Anecdote

To share with others an account of an unusual or amusing incident.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Use of exclamations Use of rhetorial questions Use of intensifiers Use of material processes Use of temporal conjunctions

18

Procedure

The purpose of procedure is to instruct how something should be done through a series of sequenced steps.

1) 2) 3)

Goal : statement of what is to be allowed. Materials : equipments needed. Sequenced steps : ways or steps to achieve the goal.

1) 2) 3) 4)

Written in imperative or instructive sentence for example : you must dub. Use sequence of orders or steps, for examples : first, then, next, ofter that, finally. Use simple present tense, for example : throws, tries, wins. Focus on generalized human agents rather than named individuals.