Notes HIV/AIDS:

Sharing needles pose a low risk but there is still a risk Unprotected sex poses a low risk of HIV transmission but high risk of sexually transmitted infections. Even without treatment it can take up to years for a person to get infected with HIV to even develop noticeable symptoms. Therefore, most people do not know if they have it. Drug resistance can also occur as some virus may produce new strains.

HIV cannot be transmitted in the following ways: shaking hands, hugging; coughing, sneezing; giving blood; using swimming pools, toilet seats; sharing eating utensils, water fountains; mosquito and other insect bites; Animal bites. Kissing

Other Issues: Poverty-- The poor suffer not just limitations in income; they also lack basic facilities and amenities which allow for a full and meaningful existence. Gender inequalities-- Pakistani women in general have lower socioeconomic status, less mobility and less decision-making power than Pakistani men, all of which contributes to their vulnerability to HIV. Low literacy rate UNAIDS (United Nations AIDS Program) strategy goals by 2015: Sexual transmission of HIV reduced by half, including among young people, men who have sex with men and transmission in the context of sex work Vertical transmission of HIV eliminated, and AIDS-related maternal mortality reduced by half All new HIV infections prevented among people who use drugs Universal access to antiretroviral therapy for people living with HIV who are eligible for treatment TB deaths among people living with HIV reduced by half People living with HIV and households affected by HIV are addressed in all national social protection strategies and have access to essential care and support Countries with punitive laws and practices around HIV transmission, sex work, drug use or homosexuality that block effective responses reduced by half HIV-related restrictions on entry, stay and residence eliminated in half of the countries that have such restrictions HIV-specific needs of women and girls are addressed in at least half of all national HIV responses Zero tolerance for gender-based violence

Association of nurses in AIDS care (ANAC) AIDS Certified Registered Nurse (ACRN) Education and training, empowerment of community Example of job role: make routine assessments of patients in the clinic and by telephone, and in collaboration with primary care providers helps to resolve actual or potential problems. She educates patient about their medications, makes assessments of adherence to the medicine, and teaches patients about their disease and safer sexual practices. Statistics: The annual number of new HIV infections has steadily declined and due to the significant increase in people receiving antiretroviral therapy, the number of AIDS-related deaths has also declined. With around 68 percent of all people living with HIV residing in sub-Saharan Africa, the region carries the greatest burden of the epidemic. Epidemics in Asia have remained relatively stable and are still largely concentrated among high-risk groups. Conversely, the number of people living with HIV in Eastern Europe and Central Asia has almost tripled since 2000.