Raffles Institution

H2 Mathematics 9740
Year 5 2012
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Assignment 4 : Arithmetic and Geometric Progressions
Page 1 of 6


Assignment 4 : Arithmetic and Geometric Progressions

1 N91/1/12a
1 a = and 3 d = : 1000 1 3( 1) 334
n
u n n = = + =
Hence
334
334
(1 1000) 167 167
2
S = + = .

Consider the AP formed by every third term of the progression: 7, 16, 25, ,
This new AP has 7 a = and 9 d = .
To find the last term of this new AP :
1
7 9( 1) 1000 111 111
3
n n n + < < =
Hence, sum of the remaining terms
=
111
167 167 [2(7) 110(9)] 167167 55722 111 445
2
+ = =

2 06/SAJC/H2/7a

2 2
1
2 2
[5 ] [5( 1) ( 1) ]
5 5 5 2 1
2 4
n n n
u S S n n n n
n n n n n
n

= = + +
= + + +
= +

Since
1
2 4 2( 1) 4 2
n n
u u n n

= + = is a constant, the series form an arithmetic

progression.


1
6 u = , 4 d = and 100 n = :
100
50[2(6) 99(4)] 20 400 S = + = .

3 N2001/1/14
(a) Consider 16
1
A
A
a
S
r
= =

and 64
1
B
B
a
S
r
= =

. Since
2
( )
B A
r r = , we have

2
3
64 64 16 64(1 )
(1 )(1 ) 4 1 ( )
A A
A A A
a a
r r
r r r
= = = + =
+
.
Hence
3
16 1 28
4
a
| | | |
= =
| |
\ \
.

(b)
9
43 8 43 43 8 u a d a d = + = =
Hence
15
15
570 (2 14 ) 570 2(43 8 ) 14 76 10 2 5 3
2
S a d d d d d a = + = + = = = =
So
2
2265 [2(3) 5( 1)] 2265 5 4530 0 (5 151)( 30) 0
2
n
n
S n n n n n > + > + > + >
and we have 30 n > or
151
5
n < . Thus the least value of 31 n = .

Raffles Institution H2 Mathematics 9740 Year 5 2012
_______________________________________

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Assignment 4 : Arithmetic and Geometric Progressions
Page 2 of 6

4 06/TJC/Promos/6
Given that 2T
5
= S
2
, we have 2ar
4
= a + ar,
i.e., 2r
4
r 1 = 0.
From G.C., r = 0.647799 = - 0 .648 (3 s.f) or r = 1. (rejected as |r| < 1 for S to exist).
For S
n
is within 5% of S, i.e., |S
n
S| < 0.05S ,
we have
(1 ) 0.05
1 1 1
n
a r a a
r r r

<

--------------(1)
Since
1
a
r
> 0 (as a > 0 and r = 0.647799 ), (1) simplifies to
(1 ( 0.647799) ) 1 0.05
n
<
(0.647799) 0.05
n
<
( ) lg(0.647799) lg 0.05 n <
lg(0.05)
6.90
lg(0.647799)
n > = (correct to 3 significant figures)
Hence, minimum value of n is 7.


5 N93/1/15(a)
Since
1
a
S
r
=

, we have
2
1
1 2
2 (1 )(1 ) 1 3 1
S ar ar Sr
r r r
r r r r
= = = + = =
+ +
.
(i)
2
3
2 18 u ar a = = = , and so required sum to infinity =
2
1
9
18 81
1 4 1
a
r
= =

.
(ii)
1 18
27
3 1 1/ 3
H H
r S = = =

. Since
18
13.5
1 1/ 3
S = =
+
, 2
H
S S = .


6 06/MI/Prelims/P2/1

2
4 10
( 4 ) ( 10 ) (8 ) 0 0 or
4 8
a d a d a
a d a a d d d a d d
a a d
+ +
= + = + = = =
+

Now,
4
0 1
a d
d r
a
+
= = = .
Also, from
20
10(2 19 ) 875 S a d = + = ,
20 10
20 1
8 20
a
d a r
+
= = = >
Since | | r is not less than 1 for both cases, the sum to infinity does not exist.

7 N2005/2/4
(i)
2
b c
b ac
a b
= = and 2
2
a b
c a b c c a b c
+
= = + =
(ii)
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2 1 2 1 0
2
a b b b b b
b ac b a b a ab
a a a a
| | | | + | |
= = = + = + =
| | |
\
\ \

Raffles Institution H2 Mathematics 9740 Year 5 2012
_______________________________________

________________________________________
Assignment 4 : Arithmetic and Geometric Progressions
Page 3 of 6

(iii)
2
2
1
2 1 0 2 1 1 0 1 or
2
b b b b b b
a a a a a a
| | ( | | (
= + = = =
| | ( (
\ \

Since the sum to infinity exists,
1
2
b
a
= , and so
2
3
1
a a
S
b
a
= =

.

8 (i)
24
25
(16000)(1.04) 41012.87 u = = .
He will earn $41 012.87 in his 25
th
year.

(ii)
25
25
16000(1.04 1)
666334.53
1.04 1
S

= =

He earns $666 334.53 over the 25-year period.

(iii)
16000(1.04 1)
1000000 1.04 1 2.5
1.04 1
1.04 3.5
31.9
n
n
n
n

> >

>
>

Minimum number of years he has to work = 32

9 06/AJC/H2/5
(a) Number of weeks needed to sell off all the chickens =
1000
k

Total Cost
= ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0.5 1000 1000 1000 2 k k k + + + + (


= ( ) [ ]
1 1000
0.5 1000
2
k
k
| |
+
`
|
\ )

= $ ( )
250
1000 k
k
+ (shown)
(b) When k = 40, number of weeks =
1000
25
40
=
Total Earnings = ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 24
12 40 1 0.95 0.95 0.95
(
+ + + +


=
( )
( )
25
1 0.95
480
1 0.95
(

(


= $6937.06

Total Profits = Total Earnings Total Cost
= 6937.06 ( )
250
1000 40
40
+
= 6937.06 6500
= $437 (to 3 s.f.)

The farmer made a profit.


Raffles Institution H2 Mathematics 9740 Year 5 2012
_______________________________________

________________________________________
Assignment 4 : Arithmetic and Geometric Progressions
Page 4 of 6

10 06/NJC/JC1 Common Test/11
(i)
1
1
Time taken on th day 45(0.985) .
45(0.985) 30
30
( 1) ln(0.985) ln
45
n
n
n
n

=
<
<


30
1 ln ln(0.985)
45
27.8
least number of days =28.
n
n
>
>

(ii) From (i), Tony has to train daily for 28 days to obtain the Running award.
28
1
1
28
Total time spent running over 28 days
= 45(0.985)
45(1 0.985 )
1 0.985
1035.12 mins (>15 hrs = 900 mins)
n
n

Thus, Tony is putting himself at risk of having asthma.
11 N07/P1/10
(i) Given: first term of the geometric series = a, 3 ar a d = + and
2
5 ar a d = + .

2
( 1) 3 (1)
( 1) 5 (2)
a r d
a r d
=
=

2
(2) 1 5
:
(1) 1 3
r
r

, 1 r since 0 d from (1)

2
2
5 5 3 3
3 5 2 0 (Shown)
r r
r r
=
+ =


(ii)
2
3 5 2 0
(3 2)( 1) 0
r r
r r
+ =
=


1 r = or
2
3
r =
Since 1 r ,
2
3
r = .
Since | | 1 r < , the geometric series is convergent. (deduced)
2
3
3
1 1
a a
S a
r

= = =





Raffles Institution H2 Mathematics 9740 Year 5 2012
_______________________________________

________________________________________
Assignment 4 : Arithmetic and Geometric Progressions
Page 5 of 6

(iii) [ ] 2 ( 1) 4
2
n
S a n d a = + >
Substitute
2
3
r = into (1),
1 1
3
3 9
a d d a = =
So
1
2 ( 1) 4
2 9
1
2 ( 1) 8
9
n
a a n a
an an n a

>


>

Since 0 a > ,
2
2
1
2 ( 1) 8
9
18 72
19 72 0
n n n
n n n
n n
>
+ >
+ <

From GC, or 5.2280 13.772 n < <
Solution set is { : 6 13} n n
+
.


12 06/ACJC/H2 J1 Promos/7
Let first term and common difference of series A be a and d, and first term and common
ratio of series G be b and r.

1
2
a b + = (1)
0 a d br + + = (2)
Sub 2 , 4 r a d b = = into (2),
4 2 0 a b ab + + = (3)
From (1),
1
2
b a =

1 1
2 2
2
2
4( ) 2 ( ) 0
2 4 2 0
2( 1) 0
1
a a a a
a a
a
a
+ + =
+ + =
+ =
=



13 N11/P1/9
(i) Let
n
a be the depth drilled using machine A on day , n and let N be the last day
of drilling. Then
1 2 3
, , , , , ,
n N
a a a a a forms an AP with first term
1
256 a = and
common difference 7. d =
Depth drilled on 10
th
day is
10 1
(10 1) 256 9( 7) 193. a a d = + = + =
Day N is the first time depth drilled is below 10 metres, so N is the smallest
integer such that 256 ( 1)( 7) 10.
N
a N = + < Therefore
246
1 36.143,
7
N > + =
giving 37. N =
Total depth drilled is
37
[2(256) (37 1)( 7)] 4810
2
N
S = + = metres.
Raffles Institution H2 Mathematics 9740 Year 5 2012
_______________________________________

________________________________________
Assignment 4 : Arithmetic and Geometric Progressions
Page 6 of 6

(ii) Let
n
b be the depth drilled using machine B on day . n Then
1 2 3
, , , , ,
n
b b b b
forms a GP with first term
1
256 b = and common ration
8
9
. r = We want the least
n so that
99
100
,
n
S S

i.e.

99 8 99
(1 ) 1
100 9 100
ln(1/ 100)
39.1.
ln(8 / 9)
n
n
n
S r S S
n

| |
=
|
\
=

Therefore the least n is 40, and it takes 40 days for the depth drilled to exceed
99% of the theoretical maximum depth.


END OF ASSIGNMENT