1.

Assume that the manager of a college dining hall is required to prepare meals that satisfy the minimum daily requirements of protein (P), minerals (M), and vitamins (V). Suppose that the minimum daily requirements have been established at 14P, 10M, and 6V. The manager can use two basic foods (say, meat and fish) in the preparation of meals. Meat (food X) contains 1P, 1M, and 1V per pound. Fish (food Y) contains 2P, 1M, and 0.5V per pound. The price of X is $2 per pound, and the price of Y is $3 per pound. The manager wants to provide meals that fulfill the minimum daily requirements of protein, minerals, and vitamins at the lowest possible cost per student. Formulate and solve the LPP.

2. The Marvel Toy Company wishes to make three models of boats for the most profit. They found that a model of a steamship takes the cutter one hour, the painter 2 hours, and the assembler 4 hours of work. It produces $6 of profit. Their model of a four-mast sailboat takes the cutter 3 hours, the painter 3 hours, and the assembler 2 hours. It produces $3 of profit. Their model of a two-mast sailboat takes the cutter one hour, the painter three hours, and the assembler one hour. It produces $2 of profit. The cutter is only available for 45 hours, the painter for 50 hours, and the assembler for 60 hours. Assuming that they can sell all the models that are built, find the constraints of the problem and solve it 3. The owner of Chips etc. produces 2 kinds of chips: Lime (L) and Vinegar (V). He has a limited amount of the 3 ingredients used to produce these chips available for his next production run: 4800 ounces of salt, 9600 ounces of flour, and 2000 ounces of herbs. A bag of Lime chips requires 2 ounces of salt, 6 ounces of flour, and 1 ounce of herbs to produce; while a bag of Vinegar chips requires 3 ounces of salt, 8 ounces of flour, and 2 ounces of herbs. Profits for a bag of Lime chips are $0.40, and for a bag of Vinegar chips $0.50. How much should be purchased to maximize the profit? 4. The production manager for the Whoppy soft drink company is considering the production of 2 kinds of soft drinks: regular and diet. The company operates one "8 hour" shift per day. Therefore, the production time is 480 minutes per day. During the production process, one of the main ingredients, syrup is limited to maximum production capacity of 675 gallons per day. Production of a regular case requires 2 minutes and 5 gallons of syrup, while production of a diet case needs 4 minutes and 3 gallons of syrup. Profits for regular soft drink are $3.00 per case and profits for diet soft drink are $2.00 per case. This problem is solved using a computer software package, and the optimal production quantities are 90 cases of regular and 75 cases of diet soft drink for a maximum profit of $420. If the company decides to increase the amount of syrup it uses during production of these soft drinks to 990 lbs. will the current product mix change? How many cases of each type of soft drink should the company produce? How much will the profit increase?

5. A coalred power plant carefully mixes coal from a variety of suppliers before burning the coal to create power. The plant draws coal from three different mines: the Hondu mine, the Mussentuchit mine and the Swazey mine. Burning coal from different mines produces different amounts of heat, ash and sulfur. The objective is to mix the coal to maximize heat while keeping sulfur emissions below regulatory limits and minimizing ash (ash cakes the steam lines, causing them to bend, causing them to break, causing the plant to stand down while the pipes are repaired). Hondu coal generates 500 BTU, 5 ounces of sulfur and 3 pounds of ash per thousand pounds burned. Mussentchit coal generates 450 BTU, 9 ounces of sulfur and 6 pounds of ash per thousand pounds burned. And Swazey coal generates 700 BTU, 10 ounces of sulfur and 10 pounds of ash per 1000 pounds burned. How much of each kind of coal should be burned in a given day to maximize BTUs generated while keeping total ash emissions below 25 pounds, sulfur emissions below 64 ounces and keeping in mind that 20000 pounds of Hondu coal, an unlimited supply of Mussentuchit coal and 10000 pounds of Swazey coal are available per day. 6. In order to ensure optimal health (and thus accurate test results), a lab technician needs to feed the rabbits a daily diet containing a minimum of 24 grams (g) of fat, 36 g of carbohydrates, and 4 g of protien. But the rabbits should be fed no more than five ounces of food a day. Rather than order rabbit food that is custom-blended, it is cheaper to order Food X and Food Y, and blend them for an optimal mix. Food X contains 8 g of fat, 12 g of carbohydrates, and 2 g of protein per ounce, and costs $0.20 per ounce. Food Y contains 12 g of fat, 12 g of carbohydrates, and 1 g of protein per ounce, at a cost of $0.30 per ounce. What is the optimal blend? 7. You have $12,000 to invest, and three different funds from which to choose. The municipal bond fund has a 7% return, the local bank's CDs have an 8% return, and the high-risk account has an expected (hoped-for) 12% return. To minimize risk, you decide not to invest any more than $2,000 in the high-risk account. For tax reasons, you need to invest at least three times as much in the municipal bonds as in the bank CDs. Assuming the year-end yields are as expected, what are the optimal investment amounts? 8. Sing was given the following advice from a dietician. She recommended that he supplement his daily diet with at least 32 grams of vitamin C, 20 units of vitamin A, and 30 units of vitamin B1. Sing finds that the local pharmacy carries two different vitamin pills; Brand X and Y. Brand X pills contain 1 unit of vitamin C, 1 unit of vitamin A and 2 units of vitamin B1, while Brand Y pills contains 4 units of vitamin C, 1 unit of vitamin A and 1 unit of vitamin B1. If Brand X pills cost 4 cents each and Brand Y pills costs 5 cents each, how many of each vitamin pill should he buy in order to minimize his cost? What is the minimum cost? 9. Recent math contest for high school students had questions categorized in sections A and B. Questions in section A took four minutes to solve, and were worth 6 points each. Those from section B took 6 minutes to solve, and were worth 10 points each. You are to answer a total of 12

questions, and are given 60 minutes to complete this test. How many questions of each type should you answer, in order to obtain the best possible score, if your answers are all correct? 10. Consider a bus company scheduling drivers for its buses. The requirement for buses varies from hour to hour because of customer demand as shown in the figure. Time 0 on the figure represents midnight, and times are shown with a 24 hour clock starting at midnight. For example, four buses must run from midnight to 4 a.m., while eight buses must run from 4 a.m. until 8 a.m. We assume that the bus requirements are the same every day. The problem is to determine how many drivers to schedule at each starting time to cover the requirements for buses. Drivers work eight hour shifts that start at times: 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 or 20. For example, a driver starting at time 0 can drive a bus from time 0 to 8. A driver scheduled to start at time 20 works for the final four hours of the day and the first four hours of the next day. The goal is to minimize the number of drivers used. Note that although a driver can be hired for an eight hour period, there is no requirement that he drive a bus for the entire period. He might be idle for a four hour interval within the period.

11. The XYZ Company mixes three raw materials to produce two products: a fuel additive and a solvent. Each ton of fuel additive is a mixture of 2/5 ton of material A and 3/5 ton of material C. A ton of solvent base is a mixture of 1/2 ton of material A, 1/5 ton of material B, and 3/10 ton of material C. Production is constrained by a limited availability of the three raw materials. For the current production period XYZ has the following quantities of each raw material: 20 tons of material A, 5 tons of material B, and 21 tons of material C. Management would like to achieve the following priority level goals: Goal 1. Produce at least 30 tons of fuel additive. Goal 2. Produce at least 15 tons of solvent. Goal programming would provide directions for production.

12.A post office requires different numbers of full-time employees on different days of the week. The number of full time employees required on each day is given below. Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

17

13

15

19

14

16

11

Union Rules state that each full-time employee must work five consecutive days and then receive two days off. For example, an employee who works Monday to Friday must be off on Saturday and Sunday. The post office wants to meet its daily requirements using only full-time employees. Formulate a LP model that the post office can use to minimize the number of fulltime employees who must be hired.

13,A post office requires different numbers of full-time employees on different days of the week. The number of full time employees required on each day is given below. Monday 17 Tuesday 13 Wednesday 15 Thursday 19 Friday 14 Saturday 16 Sunday 11

Typically, union Rules state that each full-time employee must work five consecutive days and then receive two days off. For example, an employee who works Monday to Friday must be off on Saturday and Sunday. The model is provided in the previous hand out. However, you are the consultant to the postal master general and would like to find what would be the cost, in terms of full-time employees, to meet the postal office daily requirements if worker can take any two days off. Formulate a LP model that the post office can use to minimize the number of full-time employees who must be hired.

14. A Texas company is shipping units from three factories to 5 distribution centers. The supply at each of the factories and the demands at each of the centers are given. The total supply and the total demand are equal. The cost to ship one unit from each factory to each distribution center is given. The information is below.

Unit shipping costs Dallas El Paso

Fort Worth

Galveston Houston

Supply (units)

Austin Beaumont Corpus Christi Demand (units)

$20 $70 $45

$48 $60 $80

$10 $55 $50

$30 $90 $30

$40 $70 $60

100 80 150

50

70

65

55

90

330\330

Find the shipments that should be made to minimize the total shipping cost.

15. A college dining hall is required to prepare meals that satisfy the minimum daily requirements of protein (P), minerals (M), and vitamins (V). Suppose that the minimum daily requirements have been established at 14P, 10M, and 6V. The manager can use two basic foods (say, meat and fish) in the preparation of meals. Meat (food X) contains 1P, 1M, and 1V per pound. Fish (food Y) contains 2P, 1M, and 0.5V per pound. The price of X is $2 per pound, and the price of Y is $3 per pound. The manager wants to provide meals that fulfill the minimum daily requirements of protein, minerals, and vitamins at the lowest possible cost per student. Formulate and Solve the LPP.

16. Mark Oliver is bored with his job as a clerk in a department store and decides to open a drycleaning business. Mark rents dry-cleaning equipment that allows three different processes: Process 1 uses capital (K) and labor (L) in the ratio of 3 to 1; process 2 uses K/L= 1; and process 3 uses K/L= 1/3. The manufacturer of the equipment indicates that 50 garments can be drycleaned by using 2 units of labor and 6 units of capital with process 1, 3 units of labor and 3 units of capital with process 2, or 6 units of labor and 2 units of capital with process 3. The manufacturer also indicates that in order to double the number of garments dry-cleaned, inputs must be doubled with each process. The wage rate (w) for hired help for 1 days work (a unit of labor) is $50, and the rental price of capital (r) is $75 per day. Suppose that Mark cannot incur expenses of more than $750 per day. Determine the maximum number of garments that the business could dry-clean per day and the production process that Mark should use. 17. The Portable Computer Corporation manufactures two types of portable computers, type X, on which it earns a profit of $300 per unit, and type Y, on which it earns a profit of $400 per unit. In order to produce each unit of computer X, the company uses 1 unit of input A, 12 unit of input B, and 1 unit of input C. To produce each unit of computer Y, the company uses 1 unit of input A, 1 unit of input B, and no input C. The firm can use only 12 units of input A and only 10 units of inputs B and C per time period. (a) Determine how many computers of type X and how many computers of type Y the firm should produce in order to maximize its total profits.

18. The National Ore Company operates two mines, A and B. It costs the company $8,000 per day to operate mine A and $12,000 per day to operate mine B. Each mine produces ores of high, medium, and low qualities. Mine A produces 0.5 ton of high-grade ore, 1 ton of medium-grade ore, and 3 tons of low-grade ore per day. Mine B produces 1 ton of each grade of ore per day. The company has contracted to provide local smelters with a minimum of 9 tons of high-grade ore, 12 tons of medium-grade ore, and 18 tons of low-grade ore per month. Determine the minimum cost at which the company can meet its contractual obligations. 19. The Tasty Breakfast Company is planning a radio and television advertising campaign to introduce a new breakfast cereal. The company wants to reach at least 240,000 people, with no fewer than 90,000 of them having a yearly income of at least $40,000 and no fewer than 60,000 of age 50 or below. A radio ad costs $2,000 and is estimated to reach 10,000 people, 5,000 of whom have annual incomes of at least $40,000 and 10,000 of age 50 or lower. ATV ad costs $6,000 and is estimated to reach 40,000 people, 10,000 of whom have annual incomes of at least $40,000 and 5,000 of age 50 or lower. Determine the minimum cost that allows the firm to reach its advertising goals. (b) Calculate how many in thetargeted audience are reached by the radio ads and how many by the TV ads at the optimum point. Which advertising goals are just met? Which are more than met? 20. The Cerullo Tax Service Company provides two types of tax services: type X and type Y. Each involves 1 hour of a tax experts time. With service X, the customer comes in or phones, asks questions, and is given answers. With tax service Y, the customer also gets tax material and a smallcomputer tax package. The tax firm charges $200 for service X and $300 for service Y. Service X requires 1 unit of labor, 12 unit of capital, and no tax material. Service Y requires 1 unit of labor, 1unit of capital, and 12 unit of tax material. The firm can use no more than 9 units of labor (L), 6 units of capital (K), and 2.5 units of tax material (R) per hour. Suppose that the firm wants to know what combination of tax services X and Y to supply in order to maximize its total profits. (a) Formulate a linear programming problem; (b) solve it.

21. A large book publisher has five manuscripts that must be edited as soon as possible. Five editors are available for doing the work, however their working times on the various manuscripts will differ based on their backgrounds and interests. The publisher wants to use an assignment method to determine who does what manuscript. Estimates of editing times (in hours) for each manuscript by each editor are as follows: Editor B C

Manuscript

1 2 3 4 5

12 9 17 15 12

8 10 14 7 18

10 14 9 11 22

16 13 18 9 11

13 9 12 18 27

What is the total minimum editing time?

22. Suppose you have 4 production plants for making cars. Each works a little differently in terms of labor needed, materials, and pollution produced per car: labor materials pollution Plant1 2 3 15 Plant2 3 4 10 Plant3 4 5 9 Plant4 5 6 7 Suppose we need to produce at least 400 cars at plant 3 according to a labor agreement. We have 3300 hours of labor and 4000 units of material available. We are allowed to produce 12000 units of pollution, and we want to maximize the number of cars produced. How can we model this?

23. A truck traveling from New York to Baltimore is to be loaded with two types of cargo. Each crate of cargo A is 5 cubic feet in volume, weighs 100 pounds, and earns $12 for the driver. Each crate of cargo B is 3 cubic feet in volume, weighs 25 pounds, and earns $7 for the driver. The truck can carry no more than 300 cubic feet of crates and no more than 1,000 pounds (half-ton pickup truck). Also, the number of crates of cargo B must be less than or equal to twice the number of crates of cargo A. Setup the linear programming problem to maximize the drivers earnings.

24 A furniture manufacturer makes two types of furniture chairs and sofas. The production of the sofas and chairs requires three operations carpentry, finishing, and upholstery. Manufacturing a chair requires 3 hours of carpentry, 9 hours of finishing, and 2 hours of upholstery. Manufacturing a sofa requires 2 hours of carpentry, 4 hours of finishing, and 10 hours of upholstery. The factory has allocated at most 66 labor hours for carpentry, 180 labor hours for finishing, and 200 labor hours for upholstery. The profit per chair is $90 and the profit per sofa is $75. How many chairs and how many sofas should be produced each day to maximize the profit?

25. A company manufactures three-speed, five-speed, and ten-speed bicycles. Each bicycle passes through three departments; fabrication, painting & plating, and final assembly. The relevant manufacturing data are given in the table below.Formulate the LPP to maximize the profits. Maximum LaborHours Available per Day

Labor Hours per Bicycle Three- Five- TenSpeed Speed Speed 3 4 5 5 3 5 4 3 5 $80 70 100

Fabrication Painting & Plating Final Assembly Profit per bicycle

120 130 120

26.A doctor advises a patient to increase his Vitamin A and B intake. Two vitamin pills are suitable: Extra Energy and Healthier You. Each Extra Energy pill contains 40 mg of Vitamin A and 30 mg of Vitamin B. Each Healthier You pill contains 20 mg of Vitamin A and 40 mg of Vitamin B. Each Extra Energy pill cost 7 cents and each Healthier You pill cost 5 cents. The patient must take at least 2,000 mg of Vitamin A and at least 2,400 mg of Vitamin B. How many pills of each brand should the patient purchase in order to meet the minimum requirements at the lowest cost?

27.The Bax Company produces two models of night lights Sleep Tight and Rest Well. Each Sleep Tight night light requires 1 hr of work on assembly line I and 3 hr of work on assembly line II. Each Rest Well night light requires 2 hr of work on assembly line I and 4 hr of work on assembly line II. At most 32 hr of assembly time on line I and at most 84 hr of assembly time on line II are available per week. It is anticipated that Bax will realize a profit of $4 on each Sleep Tight night light and $6 on each Rest Well night light. How many night lights of each model should be producedper week in order to maximize Baxs profit?

28. A farmer can use two types of fertilizer on his crops Best Crops and Fert Fertilizer. Each bag of Best Crops contains 2 pounds of chlorine, 4 pounds of phosphoric acid and 8 pounds of

nitrogen. Each bag of Fert Fertilizer contains 1 pound of chlorine, 4 pounds of phosphoric acid and 3 pounds of nitrogen. Tests indicate that the crops need at most 400 pounds of chlorine and at least 1,000 pounds of phosphoric acid. How many bags of each mix should be used, if the farmer wants to minimize the amount of nitrogen added to his crops?

29. A prison is trying to decide what to feed its prisoners. They would like to offer some combination of milk, beans, and oranges. Their goal is to minimize cost, subject to meeting the minimum nutritional requirements imposed by law. The cost and nutritional content of each food, along with the minimum nutritional requirements are shown below. Milk(gallons) Niacin (mg) Thiamin (mg) Vitamin C (mg) Cost ($) 3.2 1.12 32.0 2.00 Navy Beans (cups) 4.9 1.3 0.0 9 0.20 Oranges (large Calif.Valencia) 0.8 0.19 3.0 0.25 Minimum DailyRequirement 13.0 1.5 45.0

30.The Petroleum Refining Company uses labor, capital, and crude oil to produce heating oil and automobile gasoline. The profit per barrel is $20 for heating oil and $30 for gasoline. To produce each barrel of heating oil, the company uses 1 unit of labor, unit of capital, and unit of crude oil, while to produce 1 barrel of gasoline, the company uses 1 unit of labor, 1 unit of capital, and 1 unit of crude oil. The company cannot use more than 10 units of labor, 7 units of capital, and 6.5 units of crude oil per time period. Find the quantity of heating oil and gasoline that the company should produce in order to maximize its total profits.

31. The Tasty Breakfast Company is planning a radio and television advertising campaign to introduce a new breakfast cereal. The company wants to reach at least 240,000 people, with no fewer than 90,000 of them having a yearly income of at least $40,000 and no fewer than 60,000 of age 50 or below. A radio ad costs $2,000 and is estimated to reach 10,000 people, 5,000 of whom have annual incomes of at least $40,000 and 10,000 of age 50 or lower. A TV ad costs $6,000 and is estimated to reach 40,000 people, 10,000 of whom have annual incomes of at least $40,000 and 5,000 of age 50 or lower. (a) Determine algebraically the minimum cost that allows the firm to reach its advertising goals.