TEMPRATURE CONTROLLER AND DISPLAY

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Introduction Circuit Diagram Circuit Description Component List Data sheets Reference

 A simple introduction about the temperature controller circuit. This circuit project is mainly used used for temperature indicator, temperature controller And in controlling device depend on temperature. Controlling devices like air heater, factory, industrial, application. In temperature controller circuit there are two part consist of o ADC 0804 interface with at89s52. o LCD interface with at89s52. The hardware circuit of temperature controller with controller to need the programming. There are two possibilities FSO programming assembly language programming c language Here we use the assembly language programming using keil (Vision4 IDE) software. This programming usually load in the at89s52 controller ic. At89s52 is a family of 8051. The programming embedded system. for 8051.this system is called

The main principle of this project to indicate temperature, analog to digital, to control the temperature & interfacing.

Working : How to interface ADC0804 using 8051 microcontroller (AT89C52) ADC0804 is one of the most commonly used analog to digital converter IC. In many applications it is required to convert the output of the sensor, which is analogue in nature to a digital form. The data in digital format can then be utilized for further processing by the digital processors. Typical applications include sound processing, temperature processing etc. This circuit demonstrates the principle and operation of interfacing a simple ADC 0804 using 8051 microcontroller (AT89C52). ADC0804 is connected as shown in the circuit diagram. Here the input is taken from a preset, which gives different analog signals to the ADC. The output pins of the ADC are connected to LEDs. The control pins of the ADC are connected to the microcontroller AT89C52. ADC0804 is a single channel analog to digital convertor i.e., it can take only one analog signal. An ADC has n bit resolution (binary form) where n can be 8,10,12,16 or even 24 bits. ADC 0804 has 8 bit resolution. The higher resolution ADC gives smaller step size. Step size is smallest change that can be measured by an ADC. For an ADC with resolution of 8 bits, the step size is 19.53mV (5V/255). The time taken by the ADC to convert analog data into digital form is dependent on the frequency of clock source. ADC0804 can be given clock from external source. It also has an internal clock. However the conversion time cannot be more than110us. To use the internal clock a capacitor and resistor is connected to pin 19 and 4 as shown in the circuit diagram. The frequency is given by the relation f= 1/ (1.1RC). The circuit uses a resistance of 10k and a capacitor of 150pF to generate clock for ADC0804. Vin, which is the input pin, is connected to a preset to provide analog input. Pin Description

1. CS, Chip Select: This is an active low pin and used to activate the ADC0804. 2. RD, Read: This is an input pin and active low. After converting the analog data, the ADC stores the result in an internal register. This pin is used to get the data out of the ADC 0804 chip. When CS=0 & high to low pulse is given to this pin, the digital output is shown on the pins D0-D7. 3. WR, Write: This is an input pin and active low. This is used to instruct the ADC to start the conversion process. If CS=0 and WR makes a low to high transition, the ADC starts the conversion process. 4. CLK IN, Clock IN: This is an input pin connected to an external clock source. 5. INTR, Interrupt: This is an active low output pin. This pin goes low when the conversion is over. 6. 7. 8. Vin+ : Analog Input . Vin- : Analog Input. Connected to ground. AGND: Analog Ground.

9. Vref/2: This pin is used to set the reference voltage. If this is not connected the default reference voltage is 5V. In some application it is required to reduce the step size. This can be done by using this pin. 10. DGND: Digital Ground. 11-18. Output Data Bits (D7-D0). 19. CLKR: Clock Reset. 20. Vcc: Positive Supply

Controlling functions :-

 The lcd display two temperature 1)current temperature 2)set point temperature The set point increment & decrement using switch. When we set the sp( set point ) less than the current temperature , then trigger the pulse to base of transistor by controller. The collector current flow in coil. so the LED will be ON. In ON condition of relay the common terminal is connected with NO of relay. Finally , the buzzer will be ON. When sp is more than current temperature. in this condition led & relay & buzzer will be off.

sfr sfr sfr sfr

P0=0x80; P1=0x80; P1=0x90; P2=0xA0;

sfr P3=0xB0; sbit relay = P1^0; Sbit inc = P1^1; sbit dec = P1^2; #define adcdata P3 sbit intr = P2^2; //5 sbit rd = P2^0; //2 sbit wr = P2^1; //3 sbit rs = P2^5; sbit rw = P2^6; sbit en = P2^7; unsigned char line[4] = {0x80,0xC0,0x90,0xD0}; #define DBUS P0 #define BLINKLCD 0x09 #define ONCURSOR 0x0A #define ONLCD 0x0C #define CLEARLCD 0x01 #define HOMELCD 0x02 #define ENTRYMODE 0x06 #define FUNCSET 0x38 void wrlcd_cmd(unsigned char cmd ); void wrlcd_data(unsigned char Data ); void delay(unsigned int count); void wrmsg(char LineNo,char endloc, unsigned char msg[]); void getdata(); static unsigned char sp=0; code unsigned char scr5[2] [16] = {" Temp: " SP: ", "};

code unsigned char scr1[2] [16] = {" JAY Patel ", " BSPP 2nd SHIFT "}; void main() { unsigned char i; unsigned char x,d1,d2,d3,val,a=0;; P3=0xff; P0=0x00;

P2=0x0f; relay=0; wrlcd_cmd(FUNCSET); //set data length,no of disp,2-line display wrlcd_cmd(ONLCD); //display and cursor on wrlcd_cmd(ENTRYMODE);//inc. DDram address, wrlcd_cmd(CLEARLCD); //Clear display for(i=0;i<2;i++) { delay(100); wrmsg(line[i],16,scr1[i]); } for(i=0;i<15;i++) delay(50000); for(i=0;i<2;i++) { delay(100); wrmsg(line[i],16,scr5[i]); } while(1) { wr=0; delay(100); wr=1; while(intr != 1); while(intr != 0); rd=0; delay(10); val=adcdata; rd=1; wrlcd_cmd(line[0]+9);

x=val/10; d1=val%10; d2=x%10; d3=x/10;

wrlcd_data(d3+0x30); delay(10); wrlcd_data(d2+0x30); wrlcd_data(d1+0x30); delay(10); a=(d3*100)+(d2*10)+d1; wrlcd_data('C'); wrlcd_cmd(line[1]+9); wrlcd_data((sp/10)+0x30); wrlcd_data((sp%10)+0x30); if(inc==0) { while(inc==0); sp++; } if( (dec==0) && sp>0 ) while(dec==0); sp--; } if(a>sp) relay=1; else relay=0; delay(25000); } } void wrlcd_cmd(unsigned char cmd )

{ DBUS = cmd; delay(10); rs = 0; //select cmd reg

delay(10); rw = 0; delay(10); en = 1; delay(300); en = 0; delay(20);

//write mode

} void wrlcd_data(unsigned char Data ) { DBUS = Data; delay(10); rs = 1; //select data reg delay(10); rw = 0; delay(10); en = 1; delay(300); en = 0; delay(10); rs = 0; delay(20); } void wrmsg(char LineNo,char endloc, unsigned char msg[]) { unsigned char i; wrlcd_cmd(LineNo); for(i =0;i<=endloc;i++) { wrlcd_data(msg[i]); delay(50); } } void delay(unsigned int dly) { while(dly>0) dly--; }

1. Resistor 1k, 10k, 8.2k, 10k pot 2. Capacitor - 155pf, 33pf, 10uf 3. DC power supply 4. LED 5. Switch 6. Transistor 7. Buzzer 8. Relay 9. Crystal 10. AT89S52 11. ADC 0804 12. 7805 13.Sensor- LM 35 14. Display 15. Socket

RESISTOR:Axial- lead resistors on tape. The tape is removed during assembly before the leads are formed and the part is inserted into the board. Three carbon composition resistors in a 1960s valve (vacuum tube) radio. A resistor is a two-terminal electronic component that produces a voltage across its terminals that is proportional to the electric current through it in accordance with Ohm's law:

V = IR
Resistors are elements of electrical networks and electronic circuits

and are ubiquitous in most electronic equipment. Practical resistors can be made of various compounds and films, as well as resistance wire (wire made of a high-resistivity alloy, such as nickel/chrome). The primary characteristics of a resistor are the resistance, the tolerance, maximum working voltage and the power rating. Other characteristics include temperature coefficient, noise, and inductance. Less well-known is critical resistance, the value below which power dissipation limits the maximum permitted current flow, and above which the limit is applied voltage. Critical resistance depends upon the materials constituting the resistor as well as its physical dimensions; it's determined by design. Resistors can be integrated into hybrid and printed circuits, as well as integrated circuits. Size, and position of leads (or terminals) are relevant to equipment designers; resistors must be physically large enough not to overheat when dissipating their power.

Resistor Color Coding

10k Variable Resistor:-

Variable resistors consist of a resistance track with connections at both ends and a wiper which moves along the track as you turn the spindle. The track may be made from carbon, cermets (ceramic and metal mixture) or a coil of wire (for low resistances). The track is usually rotary but straight track versions, usually called sliders, are also available. Variable resistors may be used as a rheostat with two connections (the wiper and just one end of the track) or as a potentiometer with all three connections in use. Miniature versions called presets are made for setting up circuits which will not require further adjustment. Variable resistors are often called potentiometers in books and catalogues. They are specified by their maximum resistance, linear or logarithmic track, and their physical size

CAPACITOR:Electronic symbol:Type: - Passive A capacitor or condenser is a passive electronic component consisting of a pair of conductors separated by a dielectric. When a voltage potential difference exists between the conductors, an electric field is present in the dielectric. This field stores energy and produces a mechanical force between the plates. The effect is greatest between wide, flat, parallel, narrowly separated conductors. The conductors and leads introduce an equivalent series resistance and the dielectric has an electric field strength limit resulting in a breakdown voltage. Capacitors are widely used in electronic circuits to block the flow of direct current while allowing alternating current to pass, to filter out interference, to smooth the output of power supplies, and for many other purposes. They are used in resonant circuits in radio frequency equipment to select particular frequencies from a signal with many frequencies. Ceramic Capacitor:Ceramic capacitors are constructed with materials such as titanium acid barium used as the dielectric. They can be used in high frequency applications. Typically, they are used in circuits which bypass high frequency signals to ground. These capacitors have the shape of a disk. Their capacitance is comparatively small. The capacitor on the left is a 100pF capacitor with a diameter of about 3 mm.The capacitor on the right side is printed with 103, so 10 x 103pF becomes 0.01 F. The diameter of the disk is about 6 mm. Ceramic capacitors have no polarity Ceramic capacitors should not be used for analog circuits, Because distort the signal.

LED :Features: Water Clear Lens 850nm Wavelength Forward Voltage - 1.7V

A light-emitting diode (LED) is an electronic light source. LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many kinds of electronics and increasingly for lighting. LEDs work by the effect of electroluminescence, discovered by accident in 1907. The LED was introduced as a practical electronic component in 1962. All early devices emitted low-intensity red light, but modern LEDs are available across the visible, ultraviolet and infra red wavelengths, with very high brightness. LEDs are based on the semiconductor diode. When the diode is forward biased. LEDs present many advantages over traditional light sources including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved robustness, smaller size and faster switching. However, they are relatively expensive and require more precise current and heat management than traditional light sources. Applications of LEDs are diverse. They are used as low-energy indicators but also for replacements for traditional light sources in general lighting, automotive lighting and traffic signals. The compact size of LEDs has allowed new text and video displays and sensors to be developed, while their high switching rates are useful in communications technology.

TRANSISTOR:-

RELAY:-

A relay is an electrical switch that opens and closes under the control of another electrical circuit. In the original form, the switch is operated by an electromagnet to open or close one or many sets of contacts. It was invented by Joseph Henry in 1835. Because a relay is able to control an output circuit of higher power than the input circuit, it can be considered to be, in a broad sense, a form of an electrical amplifier.

Fig. 4.26 Sugar cube relay

Despite

the

speed

of

technological

developments,

some products prove so popular that their key parameters and design features remain virtually unchanged for years. One such product is the sugar cube relay, shown in the figure above, which has proved useful to many designers who needed to switch up to 10A, whilst using relatively little PCB area Since relays are switches, the terminology applied to switches is also applied to relays. A relay will switch one or more poles, each of whose contacts can be thrown by energizing the coil in one of three ways:

1.Normally - open (NO) contacts connect the circuit when

the relay is activate d; the circuit is disconnected when the relay is inactive. It is also called a FORM A contact or make contact. 2.Normally - closed (NC) contacts disconnect the circuit when the relay is activated ; the circuit is connected when relay is inactive. It is also called FORM B contact or break contact 3.Change-over or double-throw contacts control two circuits ; one normally open contact and one normally closed contact with a common terminal. It is also called a Form C transfer contact.

"C" denotes the common terminal in SPDT and DPDT types

SPST - Single Pole Single Throw: These have two terminals which can be connected or disconnected. Including two for the coil, such a relay has four terminals in total. It is ambiguous whether the pole is normally open or normally closed. The terminology "SPNO" and "SPNC" is sometimes used to resolve the ambiguity.

 SPDT - Single Pole Double Throw: A common terminal connects to either of two others. Including two for the coil, such a relay has five terminals in total. DPST - Double Pole Single Throw: These have two pairs of terminals. Equivalent to two SPST switches or relays actuated by a single coil. Including two for the coil, such a relay has six terminals in total. It is ambiguous whether the poles are normally open, normally closed, or one of each. DPDT - Double Pole Double Throw: These have two rows of change-over terminals. Equivalent to two SPDT switches or relays actuated by a single coil. Such a relay has eight terminals, including the coil. QPDT - Quadruple Pole Double Throw: Often referred to as Quad Pole Double Throw, or 4PDT. These have four rows of change-over terminals. Equivalent to four SPDT switches or relays actuated by a single coil, or two DPDT relays. In total, fourteen terminals including the coil.

AT89S52 :-

SENSOR-LM35:-

IC-7805:-

LCD:-

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat display device made up of any number of color or monochrome pixels arrayed in front of a light source or reflector. Each pixel consists of a column of liquid crystal molecules suspended between two transparent electrodes, and two polarizing filters, the axes of polarity of which are perpendicular to each other. Without the liquid crystals between them, light passing through one would be blocked by the other. The liquid crystal twists the polarization of light entering one filter to allow it to pass through the other. Many microcontroller devices use 'smart LCD' displays to output visual information. LCD displays designed around Hitachi's LCD HD44780 module, are inexpensive, easy to use, and it is even possible to produce a readout using the 8x80 pixels of the display. They have a standard ASCII set of characters and mathematical symbols. For an 8-bit data bus, the display requires a +5V supply plus 11 I/O lines. For a 4-bit data bus it only requires the supply lines plus seven extra lines. When the LCD display is not enabled, data lines are tri-state and they do not interfere with the operation of the microcontroller. Data can be placed at any location on the LCD. For 162 LCD, the address locations are: First line 8F 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 through C5 C6

Second line C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 through CF

SIGNALS TO THE LCD

The LCD also requires 3 control lines from the microcontroller:

1) Enable (E)
This line allows access to the display through R/W and RS lines. When this line is low, the LCD is disabled and ignores signals from R/W and RS. When (E) line is high, the LCD checks the state of the two control lines and responds accordingly.

2) Read/Write (R/W)
This line determines the direction of data between the LCD and microcontroller. When it is low, data is written to the LCD. When it is high, data is read from the LCD .

3) Register select (RS)

With the help of this line, the LCD interprets the type of data on data lines. When it is low, an instruction is being written to the LCD. When it is high, a character is being written to the LCD.

Logic status on control lines:

E - 0 Access to LCD disabled - 1 Access to LCD enabled R/W - 0 Writing data to LCD - 1 Reading data from LCD RS - 0 Instruction - 1 Characte r

Writing and reading the data from the LCD:

Writing data to the LCD is done in several steps: 1) Set R/W bit to low 2) Set RS bit to logic 0 or 1 (instruction or character) 3) Set data to data lines (if it is writing) 4) Set E line to high 5) Set E line to low Read data from data lines (if it is reading): 1) Set R/W bit to high 2) Set RS bit to logic 0 or 1 (instruction or character) 3) Set data to data lines (if it is writing) 4) Set E line to high 5) Set E line to low

PIN DESCRIPTION
Most LCDs with 1 controller has 14 Pins and LCDs with 2 controller has 16 Pins (two pins are extra in both for back-light LED connections).

1. http://www.westfloridacomponents.com 2. http://www.futurlec.com 3. http://www.pdf-search-engine.com/ 4. http://www.westfloridacomponents.com 5. http:// www.google.com 6. http://www.datasheetscatalog.com Books:Electronic devices and circuits-2 (R.P Ajwaliya) 2. Mazidee
1.