Volcanic Hazard Map Of Papandayan Volcano Papandayan (2665 m asl) is a type strato volcano.

This volcano is located some 220 km to the Northwest of Garut, the capital city of Garut Regency, West Java. Geographically this volcano lies on 7 19 42 South Latitude and 107 44 East Longitude (American Map Service, 1964). The area covered by the products of this volcano comprises an area +_174 km2, of which 103 km2 is the Hazard Zone I and 60 km2 is the Hazard Zone II. There are four big craters found, namely Tegal Brungbung, Tegal Alun-Alun, Parugpug and Mas craters. Papandayan Volcanic Hazard Map Volcanic Hazard Map is guidance map identifies the degree of hazard of an area when an eruption/volcano activity occurs. This map also details the kind and types of volcanic hazard, hazard zones, direction of evacuation, location of evacuation and Disaster Relief Posts. This map is compiled based on morphology, topography, past eruption history, distribution of eruption products and field study. Based on the morphology of area around the crater at present time, that the summit area and the valleys in the Northeast flank area potentially affected by pyroclastic flows up to a distance of 5 km from eruption center. The kinds of hazard that many threat people and property are pyroclastic flows, pyroclastic falls including volcanic bomb and other ejected lava fragments, lava flows, toxic gases, wet volcanic ash fall and lahar. Based on potential hazard that many occur in the future, the Volcanic Hazard Map of Papandayan can be divided into two degree of hazards, i.e. : Hazard Zone II and Hazard Zone I. Hazard Zone II, are areas potentially affected by pyroclastic flows, lava flows, ejected rock fragments (glowing), thick accumulative of wet volcanic ash (hot), dry volcanic ash fall, base surge (phreatic deposits) and lahar. This zone can be further subdivided into two groups, i.e.: 1. Hazard zone against mass flows (ground hugging) such as: pyroclastic flows, lava flows, base surge, toxic gas and lahar.

2. Hazard zone against ejected and air fall material, such as : ejected lava fragments (glowing), thick accumulation of wet volcanic ash (hot) and thick accumulation of dry volcanic ash fall. Based on the recommendation of the Volcanological Survey Indonesia, people living in Hazard Zone II should prepare to evacuate when the activity of volcano increases, until safe condition is declared. The statement of evacuation, stay in place and safe condition is decided by the Local Government based on the fullest extent of the law. Hazard Zone I, are areas potentially affected by lahar/flood. When the eruption increases, these areas are potentially affected by heavy ash rain (thick accumulation of volcanic ash fall) and ejected rock fragments (glowing). These areas are distinguished into two groups, i.e. : 1. Hazard zone against mass flows such as lahar/flood. These zones are located along and near the river valleys originating from the summit area. 2. Hazard zone against air fall material such as dry volcanic ash fall regardless the prevailing wind and possibly affected by ejected rock fragments (glowing). People living in Hazard Zone I should increase their alertness when the activity or heavy rain occurs, by paying attention to the development of the volcanic activity which is declared by the Volcanological Survey of Indonesia, while they are waiting for the instruction from the Local Authority, in accordance with the fullest extent of the law, whether they have to evacuate or they can stay where they are. Volcanic Hazard Mitigation An attempt to reduce causalities or property lost caused by volcanic eruption is called volcanic hazard mitigation. This mitigation actions comprise: continuous observation to all active volcanoes, to provide volcanic hazard map and other thematic maps, to build sabo dam constructions to control lahar flows such as : arresting lahar dam, check dam, prevention dam etc. To recommend people living around the volcano to make steeper roofs to avoid roof collapse caused by thick ash burden, using unbreakable and inflammable roof tile when it is hit by the glowing ballistic rock fragments.

Conditional Validity The Volcanic Hazard Map is applicable for normal eruption/activity, when: a. The eruption occurs in central crater b. The eruption column is more or less vertical, regardless of the prevailing wind c. No caldera formation d. No substantial morphological change

Source: Klik!