A verb, from the Latin verbum meaning word, is a word (part of speech) that in syntaxconveys an action (bring, read,

walk, run, learn), an occurrence (happen, become), or a state of being (be, exist, stand). In the usual description of English, the basic form, with or without the particle to, is the infinitive. In many languages, verbs are inflected (modified in form) to encode tense, aspect, mood and voice. A verb may also agree with the person,gender, and/or number of some of its arguments, such as its subject, or object. In many languages, verbs have a present tense, to indicate that an action is being carried out; a past tense, to indicate that an action has been done; and a future tense, to indicate that an action will be done. Semantic Morphology BJRN GAMBCK Semantic Morphology addresses the problem of designing the rules needed for mapping between the semantic lexicon and semantic grammar. The text discusses the relation between semantics, lexicon, and morphology in unication-based grammars and builds on the current trends in Computational Semantics to use underspecication and compositionality. The approach to Semantic Morphology advocated here assumes compositional word formation from (semantic) word roots and afxes that are given their own entries in the semantic lexicon. Different feature usages are then utilized to reach the intended surface word-form matches, with the correct feature settings. http://cslipublications.stanford.edu/koskenniemi-festschrift/20-gamback.pdf Inquiries into Words, Constraints and Contexts. Antti Arppe et al. (Eds.) Copyright c 2005, by individual authors. Verbs Overview The verb is the element that expresses what is happening in a sentence and locates it in time (tense). Verbs are central to a clause. Verbs can depict: actions (run, jump, sink, swim) thoughts or thinking activities (think, want, remember, decide) speech or ways of communicating (speak, sing, shout, argue) feelings (hate, love, wonder, fear) relating (be, have, appear, become, involve, seem) Verbs work both as single words or as group of words. We can identify the verb groups by asking: What is happening or being done? Suddenly the door slammed in the wind. What happened or was done? The door slammed (the verb). She should have been waiting at the bus station. What happened or was going to happen? She should have been waiting (the verb group). Effective verbs add interest to texts and assist many literacy devices. For example as part of personification: My sorrow leaked from me. Darkness swallowed the room only allowing the light from a single lamp to escape. The air breathed uncertainty as he sat lifeless in the chair

Physical conditions or states

Pleasant Feelings
OPEN
understand confident reliable easy amazed free sympathetic interested satisfied receptive accepting kind

HAPPY
great gay joyous lucky fortunate delighted overjoyed gleeful thankful important festive ecstatic satisfied glad cheerful sunny merry elated jubilant

ALIVE
playful courageous energetic liberated optimistic provocative impulsive free frisky animated spirited thrilled wonderful

GOOD
calm peaceful at ease comfortable pleased encouraged clever surprised content quiet certain relaxed serene free and easy bright blessed reassured

LOVE
loving considerate affectionate sensitive tender devoted attracted passionate admiration warm touched sympathy close loved comforted drawn toward

INTERESTED
concerned affected fascinated intrigued absorbed inquisitive nosy snoopy engrossed curious

POSITIVE
eager keen earnest intent anxious inspired determined excited enthusiastic bold brave daring challenged optimistic re-enforced confident hopeful

STRONG
impulsive free sure certain rebellious unique dynamic tenacious hardy secure

Difficult/Unpleasant Feelings
ANGRY
irritated enraged hostile insulting sore annoyed upset hateful unpleasant offensive bitter aggressive resentful inflamed provoked incensed infuriated cross worked up boiling fuming indignant

DEPRESSED
lousy disappointed discouraged ashamed powerless diminished guilty dissatisfied miserable detestable repugnant despicable disgusting abominable terrible in despair sulky bad a sense of loss

CONFUSED
upset doubtful uncertain indecisive perplexed embarrassed hesitant shy stupefied disillusioned unbelieving skeptical distrustful misgiving lost unsure uneasy pessimistic tense

HELPLESS
incapable alone paralyzed fatigued useless inferior vulnerable empty forced hesitant despair frustrated distressed woeful pathetic tragic in a stew dominated

INDIFFERENT
insensitive

AFRAID
fearful

HURT
crushed

SAD
tearful

dull nonchalant neutral reserved weary bored preoccupied cold disinterested lifeless

terrified suspicious anxious alarmed panic nervous scared worried frightened timid shaky restless doubtful threatened cowardly quaking menaced wary

tormented deprived pained tortured dejected rejected injured offended afflicted aching victimized heartbroken agonized appalled humiliated wronged alienated

sorrowful pained grief anguish desolate desperate pessimistic unhappy lonely grieved mournful dismayed

The list of official emotions, as defined by neurobiologists, is short and still hotly debated. We can perhaps agree on fear, anger, sadness and joy. Some recent research suggests that disgust is also a basic human emotion. Other researchers are pitching for surprise and guilt. The thought is that most of our emotions are mixed feelings! Worry, anxiety, and stress may be fear plus a little anger and sadness to spice them up. In any event, it all happens in our mind-body. And all emotions cause physiological changes. We are mostly oblivious to these changes as we half-stumble, half-rush through life. Therein lies the rub. Therein, also, lies a key. We can learn to un-jumble, simplify, and neutralize our knee-jerk reactions to life's events. In essence, we can learn to talk back to ourselves. I have compiled a list of over 1,150 words that express feelings, emotions, and attitudes (or characteristics) from multiple sources, including Internet sites on psychology. You can look up additional words using a synonym finder (I like The Synonym Finder from Rodale Press) or a thesaurus (I like Roget's II: The New Thesaurus). You can also use cross word puzzle dictionaries or books like English Through the Ages by William Brohaugh.) The point, for both you and me, is not to get hung up on the absolute number, but to create a list from which you can draw ideas. Use it for self-reflection, for description, and for fun (yes, have fun!) What can you do with these words? Try some of the attitudes and feelings on for size. If you have difficulty naming your emotions, work with this list. If you want to extend your emotional and intellectual understanding of feelings and attitudes, work with this list. Use your imagination to get you started. Try to bring the imaging in to sync with how you really feel. how might this emotion feel in my body or in my head? how do I look to other people when I am feeling or expressing this emotion? how does this feel to other people? how would I feel if this emotion were more intense; less intense?

You can ask other some questions, too: am I on the receiving end of the attitude or feeling?

how am I dealing with feeling? am I projecting the feeling on to others? am I hiding the feeling? am I labeling the feeling good or bad? how does all this affect me (my mind AND body; my near and far relationships)?

http://www.selfcraft.net/WRITEYOURSELF/Thewords.htm

Feeling, Attitude, Emotion, and Heart Words Constance@Menefee.com www.selfcraft.net/writeyourself/Thewords.htm abandoned abashed abominable abraded abrupt absent-minded absolute absorbed abused abusive accepted accepting aching active acute adamant adaptable adequate admiration admiring adoration adoring

adrift adventurous affected affection affectionate afflicted afraid after my own heart ageless aggravated aggravation aggressive aggrieved aghast agitated agonized agony agreeable airless airy alarm alarmed alienated alienation alive alone aloof amazed ambitious ambivalent ambushed amenable amiable amicable amused amusement analytical anger angry angst anguish animated annoyance annoyed antagonized anxiety anxious apathetic appalled appealing appreciated appreciative apprehensive approachable approving argumentative armed arousal aroused

ashamed asleep assertive astonished astounded at ease at heart attached attacked attracted attraction attractive authentic authoritative autonomous avoided awake aware awful awkward bad balanced bashful beaten beautiful befuddled belittled bellicose belligerent beloved benevolent bent bereft besotted betrayed bewildered biased big heart bitten bitter bitterness blah blame bland bleeding heart blessed bloated blocked bloodcurdling blooming blue boastful boiling bold bored bothered bottom of my heart boyish brash

brave brave heart breathless bright brilliant broken bubbly bugged bullied bummed burdened burned out bushed bushwhacked caged calm can-do cantankerous carefree careful caring cautious certain challenged change of heart charmed charming chatty cheerful cheerfulness chilly chipper choked chronic clean clear clever close clumsy cockles of the heart co-dependent cold cold heart cold-blooded comfortable comforted committed communicative companionless compassion compassionate competent competitive complete compliant composed compulsive concern concerned

condescending confident conflicted confused connected considerate consistent constipated consuming contempt contemptuous content contentment contrary contrition controlled controlling converted cool cooperative cornered courageous cowardly creative critical criticized cross cruelty crushed cuddly culpability curious curt cynical daring daunted dazed dead-eyed debauched decayed decisive dedicated deep defeat defeated defective defensive deferential defiant degraded dejected dejection delight delighted delightful demanding demeaned denying dependent

depressed depression deprived deranged desire desolate despair desperate despicable destructiveness detached determined detestable devastated devoted dictatorial diffident dignified diminished diplomatic disabled disagreeable disappointed disappointment discerning discomposure disconcerted disconnected discouraged discredited disgraced disgust disgusted disgusting dishearten disheartened dishonest dishonor disillusioned disinterested disliked dismal dismay dismayed disorganized displeasure disruptive dissatisfied dissociated distant distracted distraught distress distressed distressing distrustful disturbed dithering dizzy

do my heart good dominant dominated domineering doubtful doubting down in the dumps down in the mouth drained drawn toward dread dreamy dreary droll drowsy drunk dry dull dumb dutiful dynamic eager earnest easy eat my heart out ebullient eccentric economical ecstasy ecstatic edgy effective effervescent egoless elated embarrassed embarrassment embryonic emergent emotional empathetic empathic empowered empty empty heart enchantment encouraged energetic energized engrossed enjoyable enjoyment enmeshed enraged enraptured enthusiasm enthusiastic envious envy

esteemed estranged euphoria evasive exasperation excited exhausted exhilaration exposed extravagant extroverted exuberant facetious faint heart fair faithful faithless false heart fanciful fancy fantastic fascinated fast fateful fatigued fault fear fearful fearless feckless feeling feral fertile festive finicky fixated fixed flagrant Feeling, Attitude, Emotion, and Heart Words Constance@Menefee.com www.selfcraft.net/writeyourself/Thewords.htm flat flighty floating flourishing fondness foolish forced forceful forgivable forgiven forgiving fortunate foul free frenetic fretful friendless friendly friendship

fright frightened frigid frisky frowning frustrated frustration fulfilled full heart full of life fulsome fuming funky funny furious fury fussy gaga gallant game gasping gay generous generous heart genial gentle giddy giggly girlish giving heart glad gladness gleeful glib gloom gloomy glowering glum gnawing goalless good grace-filled gracious grateful grave great greedy green-eyed grief grief-stricken grieved grim groovy gruesome gruff grumpiness grumpy guarded guilt

guilty gutless gut-wrenching half-hearted happiness happy hard hard heart hardy harmonious hate hateful hatred have a heart have my heart set on heart and soul heart attack heart break heart burn heart in my mouth heart of the matter heart on my sleeve heart song heart stopping heart stricken heart throb heart wounded heart wrenching heartache heartbreaking heartbroken heartfelt heartless heartrending heartsick heart-to-heart heartwarming heavenly heavy hedonistic helpful helpless hermit-like heroic hesitant high high and mighty high heart high strung hilarious hollow honest hope hopeful hopeless hopelessness horrified horror hostile

hostility Feeling, Attitude, Emotion, and Heart Words Constance@Menefee.com www.selfcraft.net/writeyourself/Thewords.htm hot humane humble humiliated humiliation humorous hung up hurt hysteria icky idle ill ill-natured ill-tempered imitation immature immobilized immoral immortal impassive impatient imperious impersonal important impoverished improvident impudent impulsive in a bind in a rut in a stew inactive inadequate incapable incensed incontinent indecisive indelicate independent indifferent indignant indignity individual indomitable inebriated infantile infatuated inferior inflamed infuriated ingenious injured innocent inquisitive insecure insecurity

insensitive inspired insulted insulting intelligent intense intent interested intimate intractable intrepid intrigued introverted intuitive invalidated inventive involved irate iron heart ironic irritable irritated irritating isolated isolation itchy jazzy jealous jealousy jerky jittery jolliness jolly joy joyful joyous jubilant jubilation judged judging judgmental jumpiness jumpy keen kind kindness laid back languid lawful lawless lazy left out lewd liberated licentious licked lifeless light liking

limitless limp lion heart listening listless lively livid loathing loneliness lonely lonely heart longing long-suffering lose my heart loss lost loud lousy love loved loveless lovely love-struck Feeling, Attitude, Emotion, and Heart Words Constance@Menefee.com www.selfcraft.net/writeyourself/Thewords.htm loving low low-spirited loyal lucky lustful mad magnanimous malevolent manic manipulative manly martyred matter-of-fact maudlin mean mean-spirited meditative menace menacing mend my heart merry mettlesome miffed mindful miserable misery misfortunate misgiving mistrustful misunderstood mixed-up monotonous moody

mooning moping moral morbid morose mortal mortified motionless mournful moved mutilated mysterious mystified naive narcissistic narrow nasty naughty nauseated negative neglect neglectful nervous nervousness neutral nice nit picking nonchalant nostalgic nosy numb nurturing obedient objective observant obsessed obstinate offended offensive officious on a limb on tenterhooks on the spot open optimism optimistic ornery out of touch outgoing outspoken over used over-bearing overjoyed overwhelmed pain pained panic panicked panicky

paralyzed parasitic particular passionate passive pathetic patient patronized peaceful pedantic peeved pensive peppery perfectionistic perky perplexed persuasive perverse pessimistic petrified petty petulant phlegmatic pissed off pitiful pity pitying played-out playful pleased pleasure plucky pooped poor positive powerful powerless prayerful precise preoccupied pressured pride private privileged projecting Feeling, Attitude, Emotion, and Heart Words Constance@Menefee.com www.selfcraft.net/writeyourself/Thewords.htm protective proud provocative provoked prudent punished pure pure heart purple heart purposeful put on put out

puzzled quaking queer quick quiet quirky quivery rabid rage raped rapture rapturous rash realistic reassured rebellious receptive reckless reclusive red-blooded re-enforced reflective refreshed regret rejected rejecting rejection rejuvenated relapsed relaxed release reliable relief relieved reluctant remorse repressed repugnant repulsive resentful resentment reserved resigned resilient resolute respected responsibility responsible responsive restless restrained retarded retiring revengeful revulsion ribald rich righteous risk taker

romantic rotten rough sabotaged sad sadness safe sappy sarcastic sassy satiated satisfaction satisfied savvy scared scorn search my heart secretive secure seductive seething self-assured self-doubting selfish self-possessed self-righteous self-sufficient sensitive sentimental serene serious set my heart against severe sexual sexy shabby shaken shaken up shaky shame shamed shameful sharp sheepish shocked shut-out shy silly simpering skeptical sleepy sloppy slow sluggish smarmy smart smiley smug sneering

snobbish snoopy social soft soft heart solitary somber sore Feeling, Attitude, Emotion, and Heart Words Constance@Menefee.com www.selfcraft.net/writeyourself/Thewords.htm sorrow sorrowful sorry sotted sour spaced out spastic speculative spineless spirited spiritless spiteful spleenful spontaneous squeezed stabbing stable stagnated starry-eyed sterile still stilted stir-crazy stirred stolid stout heart strangled stressed out stretched strong stubborn stuck stupefied stupid suave subjective submissive suffering sulky sunny sunshiny superior supernatural supportive sure surly surprised suspicious sweaty

sweet sweetheart sybaritic sympathetic sympathy tactless take heart take to heart talkative tame tattered taut tearful teed off temperate tenacious tender tenseness tentative terrible terrified terror terrorizing testy thankful theatrical thick-skinned thin-skinned thorough thoughtful thoughtless thrashed threatened thrifty thrill thrilled thriving ticked off tickled tickled pink tickled-to-death timid tired to my heart's content tolerable tolerant tongue-tied tormented torpid torrid tortured touched touchy tough tragic tranquil transcendent trapped trepidation

tricky trustful trusting turned off turned on two-faced ugly unafraid unassuming unbelieving uncaring uncertain unchanging unclean unclear uncomfortable unconcerned unconquerable unconscious unctuous undaunted understand understanding undeserving uneasiness uneasy unfeeling unflinching unforgiving unglued Feeling, Attitude, Emotion, and Heart Words Constance@Menefee.com www.selfcraft.net/writeyourself/Thewords.htm unguarded unhappiness unhappy unimportant uninterested unique unmanned unmoved unnatural unnerved unpleasant unreasonable unresponsive unsettled unshrinking unsure unsympathetic unwholesome unwilling upset uptight urgent used useless vacant vain valiant

vengeful vengefulness venturesome vibrant victimized vigorous vile vindicated violent virginal virile virtuous visionary vivacious vulnerable wakeful wanted wanton warm warm heart warmth wary wasteful watchful weak weakening weary weepy weighty weird whacked whimsical whiny wholesome whole-souled wicked wild wilted wimpy wincing window to the heart wired wise wishy-washy withdrawn withholding woeful womanly wonderful worked up worn worn out worried worrisome worry worshipful worthless worthy wounded

wracked wrathful wretched wronged wry zealous zestful zingy zippy

Positiv

Negative