1.

D S Sharma, Stress Concentration around Circular/Elliptical/Triangular Cutouts in Infinite Composite Plate, Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering 2011 Vol III , WCE 2011, July 6 - 8, 2011, London, U.K General stress functions for determining the stress concentration around circular, elliptical and triangular cutouts in laminated composite infinite plate subjected to arbitrary biaxial loading at infinity are obtained using Muskhelishvilis complex variable method. The generalized stress functions are coded using MATLAB 7.0 and the effect of fiber orientation, stacking sequence, loading factor, loading angle and cutout geometry on stress concentration around cutouts in orthotropic/anisotropic plates is studied 2. Chyanbin HWU and Haoyi HUANG, Prediction of Sharp Notch Fracture by Critical Principal Stress Intensity Factor, 5th International Symposium on Advanced Science and Technology in Experimental Mechanics, 4-7 November, 2010, Kyoto, Japan Recently, a new definition of stress intensity factor for sharp notched is proposed. Like the principal stress defined in elasticity for the maximum normal stress, the principal stress intensity factor is introduced in this study. The notch fracture initiation is predicted to be propagated along the principal angle when the critical principal stress intensity factor is reached. The value of the critical principal stress intensity factor is calculated by the path-independent H-integral in which the field data of stresses and displacements is input from the finite element modeling with the critical load obtained in the experiment. Through the use of Arcan test fixture, the critical principal stress intensity factor is shown to be a material property independent of the geometry and loading conditions 3. J. Molimard, R. Le Riche, A. Vautrin, and J. R. Lee, Identification of Orthotropic Plate Stiffness Using Open Hole Tensile Test, SMS/MeM, GDR CNRS 2519, ENSMSE, 158 Cours Fauriel, 42023 Saint Etienne, France Identification of mechanical parameters is still a challenge on real structures. With the improvement of optical full field measurement techniques, it becomes easier, but in spite of many publications showing the feasibility of such methods, experimental results are still scarce. We present here a first step towards a global approach of mechanical identification for composite materials. The chosen mechanical test is an open hole tensile test according to standard recommendations. For the moment, experimental data are provided by a moir interferometry set-up. The global principle of the identification developed here is a minimization procedure, based on Levenverg-Marquardt agorithm. This approach has the advantage to have a high adaptability. In particular, the optical system and the signal processing can be modelized as well as the mechanical aspects. In the paper, different kind of cost functions are tested by using an identifiability criterion. Even if some mechanical considerations can be made, the simpler mathematical form is the more efficient. The used model is an analytical one based on Lekhnitskii approach. Identified values are similar to values from classical mechanical tests within 5 % except for the Poissons ratio (15 %).

4. Chyanbin Hwu and M.C. Hsieh, Bending Analysis For Holes In Laminates , Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan, 70101, R.O.C. The problems of anisotropic plates containing holes have been studied extensively for two-dimensional deformations. Although the correspondence between the twodimensional problems and the plate bending problems has been observed long time ago, without clarifying the involved mathematical details one still cannot get the solutions of the plate bending problems directly from the solutions of the corresponding twodimensional problems. Based upon the correspondence relation, recently we developed a Stroh-like formalism for the bending theory of anisotropic plates. By this newly developed formalism, most of the relations for bending problems can be organized into the forms for two-dimensional problems. In this paper, this formalism is further extended to the bending analysis for the symmetric composite laminates. By using this extended Stroh-like formalism, the analytical solutions for symmetric laminates containing elliptical holes subjected to out-of-plane bending moments have been obtained directly from the solutions of the corresponding two-dimensional problems. The bending moments around the hole boundary are also given explicitly in this paper. 5. M. Yasar Kaltakci,and H. M. Arslan, Stress Concentrations Of Symmetrically Laminated Composite Plates Containing Circular Holes, Iranian Journal of Science & Technology, Transaction B,Engineering, Vol. 30, No. B4, Printed in The Islamic Republic of Iran, 2006 Shiraz University AbstractIn this study, an analysis of fiber reinforced, symmetrically laminated composite plates containing circular holes has been carried out. First, the stress state of a layer in a laminated plate is studied. After obtaining the stress state for each layer due to the un-iaxial loading of a plate, the stress concentrations around a circular hole are studied. A number of diagrams are drawn to show the stress concentrations around a hole for layers having different oriented fibers using different material pairs with different E1/E2 ratios (ratio of elasticity modulus of fiber direction to that of transverse direction). Graphs are given for various E1/E2 values for the circumferential stress values around the hole versus angular location of points for two different fiber orientation angles. Second, the failure of the laminated composite plate is studied. To determine the first ply failureof a laminated plate, Tsai-Hill failure criterion is employed to find minimum bearing circumferential stresses and where they occur as a function of the fiber orientation angle. 6. Rodney S. Thomson and Murray L. Scott, Design And Optimization of Composite Plates With Cutouts, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia. The optimization of cutouts in laminated composite plates under a variety of loading conditions has been investigated using the design sensitivity method of MSC/NASTRAN. Two approaches were investigated: optimization of the cutout shape and optimization of local cutout reinforcement. For the shape optimization, a least

squares objective function was shown to successfully produce a constant failure index around the hole boundary under biaxial loading. The shape optimization of holes in laminated composite plates showed that the optimum shape depends on the degree of orthotropy. Quasi-isotropic laminates produced holes of similar shape to the isotropic case while laminates without fibres in the primary loading direction could produce unexpected shapes. A minimum weight objective was used to introduce local hole reinforcement which reduced the failure index in the panel to that of a panel without a hole. Significant weight savings were demonstrated 7. V.I. Kushch,S.V. Shmegera, V.A. Buryachenko, Elastic equilibrium of a half plane containing a finite array of elliptic inclusions, International Journal of Solids and Structures 43 (2006) 34593483 An accurate analytical method has been proposed to solve for stress in a half plane containing a finite array of ellip-tic inclusions, the last being a model of near-surface zone of the fibrous composite part. The method combines the Muskhelishvilis method of complex potentials with the Fourier integral transform technique. By accurate satisfaction of all the boundary conditions, a primary boundary-value elastostatics problem for a piece-homogeneous domain has been reduced to an ordinary well-posed set of linear algebraic equations. A properly chosen form of potentials provides a remarkably simple form of equations and thus an efficient computational algorithm. The theory developed is rather general and can be applied to solve a variety of elastostatics problems. Up to several hundred interacting inclusions can be considered in this way in practical simulations which makes the model of composite half plane realistic and flexible enough to account for the microstructure statistics. The stress concentration factors and effective thermo-elastic properties of random structure composites with dilute concentration of fibers are estimated in the vicinity of a free edge. The numerical examples are given showing accuracy and numerical efficiency of the developed method and disclosing the way and extent to which the nearby free or loaded boundary influences the local and mean stress concentration in the fibrous composite 8. Manoharan R. and Jeevanantham A. K. Stress And Load-Displacement Analysis Of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Laminates With A Circular Hole Under Compressive Load, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, VOL. 6, NO. 4, APRIL 2011 This paper is focused on the analysis of stress-strain and displacement for compressive load on the fibre-reinforced composite laminates. Three different orientations of fibers are analyzed with and without the circular cut-outs. Also different dimensions of circular cut-outs are applied on the laminates at different compressive loading conditions. This analysis is carried out using the finite element software ANSYS. From the result, it is identified that cross-ply composite laminates posses the highest strength as compared to other types of angle orientations. Also it is concluded that the maximum load bearing capacity decreases as the cut-out size increases..

9. X.W. Xu, H.C. Man, T.M. Yue, Strength prediction of composite laminates with multiple elliptical holes, International Journal of Solids and Structures 37 (2000) 2887-2900 Based on the classical laminated plate theory, a nite composite plate with multiple elliptical holes is treated as ananisotropic multiple connected plate. Using the complex potential method in the plane theory of elasticity of ananisotropic body, a series solution to the title problem is obtained by means of the Faber series expansion, the conformal mapping and the least squares boundary collocation techniques. Laminate strength is predicted by using the concept of characteristic curve and the Yamada-Sun failure criterion. The effects of the lay-ups, the hole sizes, the ellipticity of the holes, the loading conditions, the relative distance between holes, the total number of holes and their locations on the strength of laminates are studied in detail. Some useful conclusions are drawn. 10. Werner Hufenbach, Lothar Kroll, Martin Lepper, PaweKostka, Marta Czulak, Enhanced Strength Models For Notched Laminates With Finite Outer Boundaries, Institut fr Leichtbau und Kunststofftechnik (ILK), Technische Universitt Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany For the practical design of notched fibre reinforced components, methods that consider finite anisotropic plates with a cutout are of special interest. The notch-induced stress concentrations lead to critical strains and frequently initiate catastro-phic failure of the component. By selective fibre reinforcement of the matrix, a redistribution of the stress peaks relevant to failure can be achieved. In the course of this, the fibre orientation, besides the notch geometry, plays a decisive role. An anisotropic plate with finite dimensions and a hole in its center will be used here to analytically model stress concentrations. Unlike the infinite plate, this problem comprises a doubly connected outer area. A solution method has been developed for stress concentration problems of fibre-reinforced compounds based on the method of complex-valued stress functions combined with conformal mappings. Using the solution methods developed here, the whole calculation procedure was modified and extended in such a way, that even the influence of a finite outer boundary of the plate can be described. The consideration of the outer boundary is of high importance for practical problems, because then the essential influence of the notch size in dependence of the material, geometry and loading parameters can be also determined. 11. R. T. Edmondson and Y. B. Fu, Stroh formulation for a generally constrained and pre-stressed elastic material, International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics, Version 1 - 4 Nov, 2008 The Stroh formalism is essentially a spatial Hamiltonian formulation and has been recognized to be a powerful tool for solving elasticity problems involving generally anisotropic elastic materials for which conventional methods developed for isotropic materials become intractable. In this paper we develop the Stroh/Hamiltonian formulation for a generally constrained and pre-stressed elastic material. We derive the corresponding

integral representation for the surface-impedance tensor and ex-plain how it can be used, together with a matrix Riccati equation, to calculate the surface-wave speed. The proposed algorithm can deal with any form of constraint, pre-stress, and direction of wave propagation. As an illustration, previously known results are reproduced for surface waves in a pre-stressed incompressible elastic material and an unstressed inextensible fibre-reinforced composite, and an additional example is included analyzing the effects of pre-stress upon surface waves in an inextensible material. 12. Chyanbin Hwu, C.J. Tan, In-plane/out-of-plane concentrated forces and moments on composite laminates with elliptical elastic inclusions, International Journal of Solids and Structures 44 (2007) 65846606 The problems of composite laminates containing elliptical elastic inclusions subjected to concentrated forces and moments are considered in this paper. By employing Stroh-like formalism for the coupled stretchingbending analysis, analytical closed form solutions are obtained explicitly. The generality of the solutions provided in this paper can be shown as follows: (1) The laminates include any kinds of laminate lay-ups, symmetric or unsymmetric, which allow the stretching and bending deformations couple each other. (2) The concentrated forces and moments can be applied in in-plane and/or out-of-plane directions, located inside and/or outside the inclusions. (3) The elliptical elastic inclusions can be any kinds of elastic materials including the limiting cases such as holes, rigid inclusions, cracks, line inclusions, etc. Since no such general solution has been found in the literature, the solutions are checked and verified by the special cases that no inclusions are embedded in the laminates, and that the inclusions are replaced by holes. Moreover, with various hardness ratios of inclusion and matrix some numerical examples showing the stress resultants along the interface are presented. Like the Greens functions for the infinite laminates and those containing holes/cracks, the present solutions associated with the in-plane concentrated forces and out-of-plane concentrated moments have exactly the same mathematical form as those of the corresponding two-dimensional problems, in which the only difference is the contents of the symbols. While for the other loading cases, new types of solutions are obtained explicitly. . 13. Chyanbin Hwu, Cracks in Laminates Subjected to Concentrated Forces and Moments, Key Engineering Materials Vols. 306-308 (2006) pp. 1-6 The crack problems are important not only in macro-mechanics but also in micromechanics. Because of its importance a lot of analytical, numerical and experimental studies have been published in journals and books. Among them, the study of Greens function attracts many researchers attention because analytically it may provide solutions for arbitrary loading through superposition and numerically it can be employed as the fundamental solutions for boundary element method and as the kernel functions of integral equations to consider crack interaction problems. Although a lot of Greens functions have been presented in the literature, due to mathematical infeasibility most of them are restricted to two-dimensional problems and very few of them consider possible coupled stretching-bending analysis which may occur for general un-symmetric composite laminates subjected in-plane and/or out-of-plane forces and moments. In this

paper we consider an infinite composite laminate containing a traction-free crack subjected to concentrated forces and moments at an arbitrary point of the laminate. By employing Stroh-like formalism for the coupled stretching-bending analysis, recently the Greens functions for the infinite laminates (without holes) were obtained in closed-form. Based upon the non-hole Greens functions, through the use of analytical continuation method the Greens functions for cracks are now obtained in explicit closed-form and are valid for the full fields. By proper differentiation, the associated stress intensity factors are also solved explicitly. 14. Zhongrong Niu,Changzheng Cheng, Jianqiao Ye, Naman Recho, A new boundary element approach of modeling singular stress fields of plane V-notch problems, International Journal of Solids and Structures ,on October 13, 2008 In this paper, a new boundary element (BE) approach is proposed to determine the singular stress field in plane V-notch structures. The method is based on an asymptotic expansion of the stresses in a small region around a notch tip and application of the conventional BE in the remaining region of the structure. The evaluation of stress singularities at a notch tip is transformed into an eigenvalue problem of ordinary differential equations that is solved by the interpolating matrix method in order to obtain singularity orders (degrees) and associated eigen-functions of the V-notch. The combination of the eigen-analysis for the small region and the conventional BE analysis for the remaining part of the structure results in both the singular stress field near the notch tip and the notch stress intensity factors (SIFs).Examples are given for V-notch plates made of isotropic materials. Comparisons and parametric studies on stresses and notch SIFs are carried out for various V-notch plates. The studies show that the new approach is accurate and effective in simulating singular stress fields in V-notch/crack structures. 15. D. W. A. Rees, H. Bahai, S. Taylor, Stress Concentrations for Slotted Plates in Bi-Axial Stress, Engineering, 2012, 4, 69-75 The photo-elastic method has been employed to determine stress concentration factor (SCF) for square plates containing holes and inclined slots when the plate edges are subjected to in-plane tension combined with compression. Analyses given of the isochromatic fringe pattern surrounding the hole provides the SCF conveniently. The model material is calibrated from the known solution to the stress raiser arising from a small circular hole ina plate placed under biaxial tension-compression. These results also compare well with a plane stress FE analysis. Consequently, photo-elasticity has enabled SCFs to be determined experimentally for a biaxial stress ratio, nominally equal to 4, in plates containing a long, thin slot arranged to be in alignment with each stress axis. The two, principal stresses lying along axes of symmetry in the region surrounding the notch are separated within each isochromatic fringe by the Kuske method [1]. FE provides a comparable full-field view in which contours of maximum shear stress may be identified with the isochromatic fringe pattern directly. The principal stress distributions referred to the plate axes show their maximum concentrations at the notch boundary. Here up to a fourfold magnification occurs in the greater of the two nominal stresses under loads

applied to the plate edges. Thus, it is of importance to establish the manner in which the tangential stress is distributed around the slot boundary. Conveniently, it is shown how this distribution is also revealed from an isochromatic fringe pattern, within which lie the points of maximum tension and maximum compression 16. Ferdinand Bodnr, Marek Jablonski, Stress distribution along the contour of a circular opening in wooden plate loaded by in-plane bending moment, Ann.WULSSGGW, Forestry and Wood Technology 73, 2011 Stress distribution along the contour of a circular opening in wooden plate loaded by inplane bending moment. The analytical solution of stresses around the circular hole boundary in two-dimensional wooden plate modelled as orthotropic linear elastic material is presented here. The orthotropic plate with the circular hole is subjected to an in-plane bending loading. The aim is to know the influence of the circular hole and of the principal directions of elasticity on concentration of stresses. Realized computations of the hoop stress on the opening boundary and of the stress concentration factor are based on the linear theory of anisotropic bodies with using of a complex variable method 17. Nicolas Leconte, Bertrand Langrand, Eric Markiewicz, On some features of a plate hybrid-Trefftz displacement element containing a hole, Finite Elements in Analysis and Design 46 (2010) 819828 The paper deals with the modeling of riveted assemblies for full-scale complete aircraft crashworthiness. To perform computations aiming at locating rupture initiation in a structure featuring more than100,000 rivets, it is necessary to model the assembly areas using super-elements. If rivet elements have been developed, perforated plate superelements are still lacking. Thus, the paper focuses on plates uper-finite element formulations featuring defects, in particular holes. An original 8-node plate element containing a hole has been selected to discuss on the possibility to extend its formulation from linear (elasticity) to non-linear problems (impact). However, since little is known about the features of super-elements containing a hole, it is first attempted to clarify the properties of the selected existing super-element. This kind of element is defined according to the introduced nomenclature, and the features of its interpolation functions are highlighted. The location of stress fields computed by this super-element is proved to be in close agreement with results provided by standard FE calculations. This superelement exhibits also computational efficiency. These features encourage one to pursue the extension of this super-element formulation to large high plastic strains and strain rates, aiming at localising rupture initiation when performing crashworthiness computations of structures with many rivets and holes. 18. Fu Mo Chen, Ching Kong Chao, Chin Kun Chen, Interaction of an edge dislocation with a coated elliptic inclusion, International Journal of Solids and Structures 48 (2011) 14511465 This paper presents an analytical solution for plane elasticity problems of an elliptically cylindrical lay-ered media subject to an arbitrary edge dislocation. Based on the

technique of conformal mapping and the method of analytical continuation in conjunction with the alternating technique, the general expressions of the displacements and stresses, where an edge dislocation is located in matrix, coating layer and inclusion are obtained. The numerical results of image forces exerted on a generalized edge dislocation are carried out by using the generalized PeachKoehler equation. As a numerical illustration, both the image forces and equilibrium positions are presented for different material combinations and relative thickness of a coating layer. The result shows that the thickness and the shear modulus of the coating layer have a strong influence on the stability of dislocation 19. Chyanbin Hwu, Boundary element formulation for the coupled stretching bending analysis of thin laminated plates, Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements 36 (2012) 10271039 The boundary integral equations for the coupled stretchingbending analysis of thin laminated plates involve an integral which will be singular when the field point approaches the source point. To avoid the singular problem occurring in the numerical programming, the boundary integral equations are modified in which the integrals of singular part are integrated analytically. The analytical solutions for the free term coefficients and singular integrals are obtained in explicit closed-form. By dividing the boundary into elements and using suitable interpolation polynomials for basic functions, the set of equations necessary for boundary element programming are written explicitly for regular nodes and corner nodes. The equations for the determination of displacements and stresses at internal points are also presented in this paper.