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Basics of English
BY:
Prof. Muhammad Tayyab Iqbal Mehar [MA Eng. MA Linguistics, ELT, BCS]
3. Changing a Final Y to I
Change a final y to i before a suffix, unless the suffix begins with i. EXAMPLES: defy + ance = defiance party + es = parties pity + ful = pitiful try + es = tries try + ing = trying copy + ing = copying occupy + ing = occupying COMMON EXCEPTIONS: journeying, memorize
Prof. Muhammad Tayyab Iqbal Mehar [MA Eng. MA Linguistics, ELT, BCS]
Contractions:
Sometimes in the English language, you may come across words that have been contracted. We usually contract (shorten) words in English to join two words together . An apostrophe () is normally placed where the missing letter, or letters, would be if the two words were complete. He is Hes She is Shes Who is Whos They are Theyre Have not Havent Would have Wouldve He would Hed (Hed love to go to the zoo. He would love to go to the zoo.) He had Hed (Hed already done by the time I got there. He had already done by the time I got there.) I am Im (Im very pleased. I am very pleased.) I have Ive (Ive been there in the last year. I have been there in the last year.) You have Youve (You have been looking ill recently. Youve been looking ill recently.) He will Hell (Hell do it tomorrow. He will do it tomorrow.) We are Were (We are going later. Were going later.) Are not Arent (We are not going there again! we arent going there again!) Did not didnt ( We did not do that right. We didnt do that right.) Does not Doesnt (That does not appear to fit right. That doesnt appear to fit right.) Must not Mustnt (You must not do that again. You mustnt do that again.) Is not Isnt ( That is not correct. That isnt correct.) Ought not Oughtnt ( You ought not. You oughtnt.) Shall not Shant (I shall not. I shant.) With informal contractions, an apostrophe is hardly ever used. Going to Gonna What are you Whatcha Want a Wanna
Prof. Muhammad Tayyab Iqbal Mehar [MA Eng. MA Linguistics, ELT, BCS]
SILENT LETTERS
Here are some examples of silent letters in English words: Silent N Silent D Silent G Damn Wednesday Sign Hymn Handsome Resign Autumn Badge Gnarl Column Handkerchief Design Edge Foreigner Hedge Gnome Silent U Guard Guess Guitar Building Rogue Guest Biscuit Tongue Silent H Why When Which What Whether Ghost White While Honest Honour Hour Silent L Palm Yolk Almond Salmon Talk Walk Half Silent K Knot Knitting Know Knee Knock Knight Knuckle Knickers Silent T Soften Listen Match Butcher Castle Christmas Silent B Bomb Crumb Climbing Thumb Lamb Doubt Limb Plumber
Silent W Wreck Wrestling Whole Sword Two Wrong Writing Wrist Wrinkle