Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
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Major Topics
MW Path Design
Point Rain Attenuation Point to Path Conversion Factor Rain Fading Variability
Rain Fading
North America
Quality (one way) (worst month) Availability (two way) (annual)
Not Calculated (tested) Multipath Rain Interference
Europe (ITU-R)
Multipath Short Term Interference Rain Long Term Interference Hardware
Europe (ITU-R)
ITU-R P.530
Based upon 1 minute integration (less available) Only works for 0.001% to 1% (two 9s to five 9s, not possible to extend range) Rain curves are predetermined (one for > 300 latitude, one for < 300 latitude, uses 0.01% unavail. value based upon 3 interpolated parameters)
Curves based upon actual rain data (based upon 5 parameters derived from actual site data)
Low Density Rain (debris) Contribution = exponential distribution (two parameters) Intense Rain Cell (cell) Contribution = lognormal distribution (three parameters)
1 2
Rain Distribution Shape 1 for latitude 300 Rain Distribution Shape 2 for latitude < 300 Shape shifted up or down from 0.01% rain rate Rain rate for 0.01% determined by three geographically based parameters Only applicable for probability between 0.001% and 1%
Copyright 2010 Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved.
Major Topics
MW Path Design
10
11
(99.9999%)
(99.999%)
(99.99%)
North American 11 GHz calculations for high availability require rain availabilities as high as 99.99995% (0.00005% unavailability) For 5 minute integrated data, that is one measurement in 20 years Actual data does not have reliable values for high availabilities (those rain events are too rare) Only the model can give reliable high availability estimates (it is based upon the underlying physical mechanisms)
Crane 1996
All zones are averages of a wide range of specific site data Some zones misrepresent some locations
Zone C
Zone F
Zone D2
Zone C
Differences in Crane and ITU-R Site Data Crane Zone B1 Crane 2003 ITU-R P.530
ITU rain curves are simplified to eliminate frequency dependency This introduces about 10% error for frequencies between 11 and 23 GHz
Differences in Crane and ITU-R Site Point Data Crane Zone C Crane 2003 ITU-R P.530
ITU rain curves are simplified to eliminate frequency dependency This introduces about 10% error for frequencies between 11 and 23 GHz
Differences in Crane and ITU-R Site Point Data Crane Zone D1 Crane 2003 ITU-R P.530
ITU rain curves are simplified to eliminate frequency dependency This introduces about 10% error for frequencies between 11 and 23 GHz
Differences in Crane and ITU-R Site Point Data Crane Zone D2 Crane 2003 ITU-R P.530
ITU rain curves are simplified to eliminate frequency dependency This introduces about 10% error for frequencies between 11 and 23 GHz
Differences in Crane and ITU-R Site Point Data Crane Zone D3 Crane 2003 ITU-R P.530
ITU rain curves are simplified to eliminate frequency dependency This introduces about 10% error for frequencies between 11 and 23 GHz
Differences in Crane and ITU-R Site Point Data Crane Zone E Crane 2003 ITU-R P.530
ITU rain curves are simplified to eliminate frequency dependency This introduces about 10% error for frequencies between 11 and 23 GHz
Differences in Crane and ITU-R Site Point Data Crane Zone F Crane 2003 ITU-R P.530
ITU rain curves are simplified to eliminate frequency dependency This introduces about 10% error for frequencies between 11 and 23 GHz
Major Topics
29
Differences Due to Point to Path Factor Crane Zone C Average Rain Rates
(low rain rate region)
Differences Due to Point to Path Factor Crane Zone D2 Average Rain Rates
(typical rain rate region)
Differences Due to Point to Path Factor Crane Zone E Average Rain Rates
(high rain rate region)
Major Topics
Major Topics
MW Path Design Point Rain Attenuation Point to Path Conversion Factor Rain Fading Variability
george.kizer@alcatel-lucent.com