CST Advanced Training 2004

@ Daedeok Convention Town (2004.03.24)

: Examples

CST EM StudioTM

Chang-Kyun PARK (Ph. D. St.)

E-mail: ckpark@ihanyang.ac.kr

Thin Films & Devices (TFD) Lab.

Dept. of Electrical Engineering,

Hanyang University @ Ansan Campus, KOREA

OUTLINE CST EM StudioTM v.2.0

Introduction Example
E-static
Electrometer RJ 45 LAN connector Variable capacitor Floating Potential Field Emitter Tapered-type gated FEA

M-static
Rotary Encoder

LF
Eddy current sensor

J-static
Circuit Breaker

Tracking
Electron gun

TFD Lab. Hanyang University

Professor: Jin-Seok Park

TFD Lab.
TFD Lab.
Thin films and devices lab. for electronic displays and communications

http://tfd.hanyang.ac.kr

CST EM Studio

MAFIA
MAFIA (Maxwells Equations by the Finite Integration Algorithm)
MAFIA is an interactive program package for the computation of electromagnetic fields. It is based directly on the fundamental equations of electromagnetic fields, Maxwells equations. MAFIA is a modular program, it is divided in preprocessor, postprocessor and solvers for different special cases of Maxwells equations MAFIA includes an optimizer, it runs interactively as well as in batch or semi interactive using predefined command sequences. It has a powerful command language for automation and optimizing purposes and an advanced interactive graphical output with thousands of display options
CST MAFIA

MAFIA Module
MAFIA Module

CST MAFIA

MAFIA
The Following modules are available (I)
M : Preprocessor, includes solid modeler, CAD import, 3D graphics P : Postprocessor, includes 3D graphics and calculation of deduced quantities like far field and impedance S : Static field module, solves electrostatics, magnetostatics, heat flow problems, stationary current flow problems and electro-quasistatic problems T3 : Time domain module, simulates time dependent wave propagation, most general and versatile in application. Uses Cartesian coordinates TS3 : Time domain module, simulates charged particle movement in time dependent fields including the interaction of particles and fields. Uses Cartesian coordinates only TS2 : Time domain module, simulates charged particle movement in time dependent fields including the interaction of particles and fields in cylinder symmetrical structures
CST MAFIA

MAFIA
The Following modules are available (II)
E : Frequency domain eigenmode module, finds modes in resonators and waveguides W3 : Frequency domain module, covers the whole frequency range H3 : Thermodynamic module, solving thermodynamic problems in time domain in either Cartesian or polar coordinate system T2 : Time domain module, simulates time dependent wave propagation within cylinder symmetrical structures. Not yet available under GUI OO : Optimizer with many built in strategies. Optimizing capabilities not yet completely available under GUI A3 : Time domain acoustic solver. Not yet available under GUI

CST MAFIA

The Simulation Method

Background of the Simulation Method
CST EM STUDIO is a general-purpose electromagnetic simulator based on the Finite Integration Technique (FIT), first purposed by Weiland in 1976/1977.

Finite Integration + PBA

(Statics to THz)
Maxwell Grid Equations

=0 t
E-static M-static J-static Tracking

a i t
Frequency Domain (j>0) Eigenvalue Problem (j=0) Implicit Explicit Time Domain PIC

0 t

EMS MAFIA

MWS

CST EM Studio

CST EM Studio

Example: E-static

S-static 1: Electrometer
Introduction
This Example deals with the simulation of a simple electrometer device, which can be used for voltage measurements. The model used for the electrometer consists of three parts: the electrometers scale, the ground, and the pointer. Results of interest: the capacitance and the torque for different angles of the pointer Pointer (PEC, 1,000V)

PEC
Scale (Dielectric, =10)

The main dimensions of the electrometer device (unit: cm)

Ground (PEC, 0V) CST EM Studio

S-static 1: Electrometer
Summary
Mesh generation

Solver Meshcells Parameter sweep Total solver time

Electrostatic 294,528 Angle From 20 to 70 (11steps) 48min, 10sec

Meshcells: 294,528 CST EM Studio

S-static 1: Electrometer
Potential E-Field

CST EM Studio

S-static 1: Electrometer
Torque vs angle

CST EM Studio

S-static 2: RJ 45 Connector
Introduction
This example shows the calculation of the capacitance matrix of a RJ45 connection. The model consists of the connector and the corresponding socket, each containing eight wires for the signal transmission. The wires of the socket are fixed to a substrate plate, every other of them additionally connected to a metallic ground plane. This provides some kind of shielding effect for the transmission of the wire signals. Results of interest: capacitance Matrix

CST EM Studio

S-static 2: RJ 45 Connector
Define Potential

Potential 2 (PCB PEC, 1V)

Potential 3 (PCB PEC, 1V) Potential 4 (PCB PEC, 1V)

Potential 1 (PCB PEC, 0V) Potential 5 (PCB PEC, 1V) CST EM Studio

S-static 2: RJ 45 Connector
Potential E-Field

CST EM Studio

S-static 2: RJ 45 Connector
Capacitance Matrix

CST EM Studio

S-static 3: Variable Capacitor

Introduction
The variable capacitor example demonstrates the parameter sweep feature in combination with the capacitance calculation. Epsilon (Dielectric, =100) Plate (PCB PEC, 1V)

Parameter Sweep

Plate (PCB PEC, 0V)

CST EM Studio

S-static 3: Variable Capacitor

Capacitance Vs Alpha

CST EM Studio

S-static 4: Floating Potential

Introduction
This examples demonstrates how to consider floating potentials in an electrostatic calculation. It consists of four metallic plates and two plates of high dielectric material (relative permittivity 10000). On the two larger metallic plates a potential is defined, the other two metallic plates carry a charge of 0C.

Plate (PCB PEC, 1V) Floating Potential PEC High dielectric material (relative permittivity 10000) Applied charge value: 0C

Plate (PCB PEC, -1V)

CST EM Studio

S-static 4: Floating Potential

Result: Electric Field Distributions

1V

0.469V 0.467V -0.469V -0.467V -1V

CST EM Studio

S-static 4: Floating Potential

Result: Electric Field Distributions

CST EM Studio

S-static 4: Floating Potential

Only PEC Conditions

CST EM Studio

S-static 4: Floating Potential

Result: Potential Distributions

1V

0.469V 0V -0.469V 0V -1V

CST EM Studio

S-static 4: Floating Potential

Result: Electric Field Distributions

CST EM Studio

S-static 5: Field emitter

X-cut Plane
Anode (50V)

Gate (30V) Insulator, SiO2 CNT 10m

Cathode (0V)

Isolated Electrode

Ballast layer, a-Si

S-static 5: Field emitter

Material Property
Unit: m

CNT (PEC) Diameter: 0.040 Height: 1 Tip radius: 0.020

Height: 2 Diameter: 0.040 Base: a-Si

S-static 5: Field emitter

Potential
Anode (50V) Unit: m

Gate (30V)

Cathode (0V)

S-static 5: Field emitter

Floating Potential
Unit: m

CNT

Isolated Electrode

S-static 5: Field emitter

Results: Potential Distribution

Tip Region: 27V

Isolated Electrode: 26V

S-static 5: Field emitter

Results: Electric Field Distribution

S-static 5: Field emitter

Results: 1D Plot

S-static 6: Tapered-type Gated-FEA

Geometry

Gate (50V) Parameter Sweep

Insulator, SiO2

Monitoring Point CNT-Floating Potential (0C)

Cathode (0V)

Inter-dielectric

Ballast layer, a-Si

S-static 6: Tapered-type Gated-FEA

Parameter Sweep (Pierce Electrode angle: 90o~12.5o)
Result: Potential Distributions

68o 45o

90o

S-static 6: Tapered-type Gated-FEA

Parameter Sweep (Pierce Electrode angle: 90o~12.5o)
Result: Electric Field Distributions

68o 45o

90o

S-static 7: ICP-Reactor
ICP Reactor

S-static 7: ICP-Reactor
Simulation of ICP Reactor under DC Bias Conditions
Modeling of ICP Reactor Simulation
System summary OS: MS Windows XP V.5.1 SP1 Model: Intel Zeon (SE7505VB2) 2 CPU Process: Genuine Intel ~2790Mhz Memory: 1,024.00MB Graphic Adapter: Quadro4 980XGL Simulation summary Tool: CST EM Studio TM v 1.3 (CST GmbH) Simulation field: Electrostatic Solver Number of nodes: 1,074,480 Mesh generation time: 130 s Solver time: 13 s

S-static 7: ICP-Reactor
Conditions Simulation Results Under 300 V Conditions
Potential distribution Electric Field distribution

S-static 7: ICP-Reactor
Conditions Simulation Results Under -450 V Conditions
Potential distribution Electric Field distribution

CST EM Studio

Example: M-static

M-static 1: Rotary Encoder

Introduction
In this tutorial a rotary encoder consisting of two iron yokes, a permanent magnet and two hall sensors is analyzed. Both yokes form a magnetic circuit, which is driven by a cylindrical permanent magnet. Two hall sensors are placed in the air gap between the yokes to measure the flux density in the gap. By twisting the yokes the B-field changes linear with the rotation angle. Upper Yoke (Iron 1000) 0.2 T|z Magnet Bottom Yoke (Iron 1000) Hall Sensor CST EM Studio

M-static 1: Rotary Encoder

B-Field

CST EM Studio

M-static 1: Rotary Encoder

Parameter Sweep
Field Watch Position

CST EM Studio

CST EM Studio

Example: LF (Low Frequency) Solver

LF: Eddy Current Sensor

Introduction
In this example and eddy current sensor is modeled to simulate non-destructive material test. You will analyze an eddy current sensor driven by a low frequency coil generating eddy currents in an aluminum probe plate. The structure depicted above consists of the sensor, represented by an excitation current coil embedded in iron material. Below this sensor the probe plate is given as a lossy aluminum material, allowing the flow of eddy current. Inside this plate a material defect is modeled as a gap, which should be detected by the changing voltage at the coil.

CST EM Studio

LF: Eddy Current Sensor

Eddy Current (90o)

B-Field (0o)

CST EM Studio

CST EM Studio

Example: Stationary Currents Solver

SC: Circuit Breaker

Introduction
In this example, you will analyze a circuit breaker consisting of two contact springs connected by a bridge. One matter of concern is the current flow from one contact over the bridge to the other contact. Therefore two current port are defined for the stationary current solver. After the solver run the fields are visualized and then used as a source field for a subsequent carried out magnetostatic calculation. Cupper (J-port, 0.05V)

Cupper (J-port, -0.05V) Contact pad (PEC) Bridge (PEC)

CST EM Studio

SC: Circuit Breaker

Current Density

Loss Power (P): 6.856485e+001 [W] R = V2/P=0.1*0.1/P = 1.458473e-4 I = P/V = V/R = 685.65 [A]

CST EM Studio

SC: Circuit Breaker

H-Field

CST EM Studio

CST EM Studio

Example: Tracking Solver

Tracking 1: Electron Gun

Introduction
This example demonstrated how a particle tracking can be performed. Two types of field results were used here, an electrostaic field is used to accelerate electrons being emitted from a cathode and a magnetostatic field which is caused by a helmholz coil in order to focus the electron beam.

Anode (PEC, 1000V) Focus coil (0.4A)

Cathode (PEC, 0V)

CST EM Studio

Tracking 1: Electron Gun

Particle Source Particle Tracking

Emission Site (electron)

CST EM Studio