Two Case Studies Verifying Substantial Energy Savings From Redwood Lighting Controls November 11, 2010

Redwood Systems Confidential

Table of Contents
1. Abstract ..........................................................................................................................................................2 2. Redwood Platform Overview ..................................................................................................................3 3. How Redwood Saves Energy....................................................................................................................4 4. Data Collection Methodology ..................................................................................................................6 5. High Tech Campus Deployment .............................................................................................................6 5.1 Site Layout ...................................................................................................................................................................7 5.2 Raw Data.......................................................................................................................................................................8 5.3 Energy Usage Analysis............................................................................................................................................8 6. Real Estate Office Deployment............................................................................................................. 10 6.1 Site Layout ................................................................................................................................................................10 6.2 Raw Data....................................................................................................................................................................11 6.3 Energy Usage Analysis.........................................................................................................................................12 7. Summary ..................................................................................................................................................... 13

1. Abstract
Lighting accounts for 30-50% of the total energy consumption in commercial buildings today.1 Over the course of many of its deployments, Redwood Systems has received approval to measure the energy savings performance of its lighting control system. Detailed below are two carpeted office spaces with a mix of open office cubicles, private offices, conference rooms, hallways, break-rooms, and reception areas. Redwood-enabled LED lighting realized significant energy savings over the modern, energy-efficient fluorescent lighting system in place before Redwood. This reduction also resulted in lower peak power usage, and reduced the energy necessary to cool the building, which further offset the energy usage of the new lighting. Redwood Systems also is able to run LED lights in such a way as to lengthen their lives and reduce maintenance costs. These savings are not accounted for in the case studies below. Lighting Lighting + Air Conditioning2 Deployment Application Weekly Weekly Measured Weekly Weekly Estimated Energy Energy Savings Energy Energy Savings Before After Before After 258 kWh 116 kWh 55% 258 kWh 61 kWh 69 kWh 73%

High tech campus Real estate tenant

Open office space (cubicles) Mixed office space

61 kWh

39 kWh

36%

32 kWh

48%

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U.S. Dept of Energy, Solid State Lighting Report: Energy Savings Potential of Solid State Lighting in General Illumination Applications, 2006 Energy usage reduction is an estimate based on a cooling unit with a Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER) of 10, cooling year-round.

The rest of this document is a comprehensive discussion of the energy savings enabled by Redwood in these two case studies. It starts with a description of Redwoods energy saving features and discusses the overall data collection methodology at the two sites. The document then gives a detailed description of each site and the accompanying data analysis.

2. Redwood Platform Overview

Redwood Systems has taken a unique approach to creating a new, intelligent lighting system by combining a centralized intelligent driver for LED luminaires with integrated communications and control to deliver the world's first unified power, control, and sensing platform for commercial solid- state lighting.

Figure 1: Redwood Platform Architecture As shown in Figure 1, the Redwood Platform consists of the Redwood Engine, Redwood Wall Switch, Redwood Manager, and Redwood Adapter, which all work together to power and control a variety of luminaires. Each component is described in detail below. Redwood Engine: the Redwood Engine is the core of the Redwood Platform, providing centralized power conversion from high voltage AC to low voltage DC, communications, processing, and policy control for up to 64 LED luminaires. Multiple Redwood Engines can be connected together and will automatically discover each other and operate as a single system for larger configurations. Redwood Adapter: the Redwood Adapter profiles the LED luminaire and transfers the low-voltage DC power from the Engine to the LED luminaire. Through its integrated motion, light, power, and temperature sensors, it collects data about light usage, occupancy patterns, environmental conditions, and operating conditions in the building on a per-luminaire basis. It communicates this data to the Redwood Engine in the same low-voltage DC wiring through which power is transmitted.

Redwood Manager: the Redwood Manager software is embedded in the Redwood Engine. It requires no additional software to be installed and is accessible via any web browser connected to the same network/subnet/VLAN as the Redwood Platform. Redwood Wall Switch: The Redwood Wall Switch, also know as the Redwood Dimmer, is an intelligent dimmer switch that fits into a standard electrical switch box. The Wall Switch allows for room or zone level light dimming and on/off control. It can be easily re-mapped to different lights or groups of lights, and includes embedded sensing capabilities (motion, daylight, ambient temperature) to augment sensor data collection in the system.

3. How Redwood Saves Energy

Figure 2 illustrates the full range of energy savings techniques that Redwood employs, and how it compares with Basic Controls. All of the techniques, except daylight harvesting, demand response, and flexible scheduling were employed at the two sites.

Figure 2: How Redwood Saves Energy Flexible SchedulingBeyond the standard times of the day, day of the week, holidays or seasonal adjustments, Redwoods per-light and full range dimming options lets users create very sophisticated scene and flexible schedule control, with per-light policies based on time of day, as well as occupancy or other factors. Tailored OccupancyThe presence or absence of people can be accurately detected with greater sensitivity enabling presence, vacancy modes, as well as new occupancy modes (follow-me and orbing) not possible without fine-grained motion sensors in a space.

LED TechnologyDepending on the application, LED fixtures are a significantly more efficient light source than alternatives. Centralized driverLED driver efficiency can be increased to greater than 85% for every light, under all load conditions, with full range dimming, while maintaining greater than .90 power factor. Load shedding for demand responseChanges can be made to lighting load dynamically or automatically to respond to utility rate program changes, pricing signals or incentives. This feature was designed to achieve highly responsive demand response while maintaining minimal impact to the building's occupants. Daylight harvestingEvery light in the system automatically responds to changing ambient light levels throughout the day, saving energy whenever possible. Advanced dimming & task tuningLights can be dimmed to specific tasks, work conditions and user preferences. Reduced heating loadApproximately 20-40% of a building's heating load comes from lighting, and many buildings, particularly those located in warmer climates, operate their air-conditioning units year round. By their nature, a more efficient LED light source will lessen the heat load on a building. Additional savings can come from the additional reduction in heat by either dimming lights or turning them off with Redwood technology. In general, for every kilowatt-hour (kWh) reduction in lighting energy pumped into a space by the lights, you save an additional 1/3 kWh in energy that would have been necessary to pump it out via the air-conditioning system.3 Thus, reducing the heating load can save another 33% of the energy already saved from more efficient lighting. Visibility & reportingIt is possible to monitor power usage in each light space, as well as know the status of every light, including its install date, operating conditions and lighting efficiency. Lumen depreciation & fault managementDetect all light levels, all line and LED voltages/losses. Alternative energy readyFuture releases of the Redwood solution have the potential to incorporate solar, fuel cell and other advanced energy sources with DC outputs that could be directly connected to the Redwood engine to achieve unprecedented system efficiencies and energy savings.

Assumes a typical air-conditioning unit with a Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER) of 10

4. Data Collection Methodology

Figure 3: Datalogging setup in Before and After cases As Figure 3 shows, the strategy for both deployments was to first measure the energy consumption of the existing fluorescent system (Before case) for a minimum duration of two weeks using a datalogger. After measurement of the fluorescent system was complete, it was replaced with the Redwood Platform and new LED fixtures. The After case was then measured for a minimum of two weeks. Ideally, the new LED fixtures lit precisely the same area as the fluorescent circuit it replaced, but sometimes this was not possible due to constraints in the space, so these discrepancies were accounted for in post-processing.

5. High Tech Campus Deployment

This high tech company has a corporate goal of being carbon neutral. At its headquarters campus, sustainability practices are readily visible. There is an EV charging station powered by solar panels. People move from building to building in company-supplied bicycles. Along with sustainability, this company strives to provide its employees with a great work environmentfree food, ping-pong tables, and massage chairs are everywhere. Redwood Systems, with its energy saving technology and better quality lighting, was therefore a natural choice for this company. The site chosen was an open office area in a two-story building. Overall, Redwood was able to achieve a measured savings of 55% and an estimated savings of 73%4 compared against an already efficient, Title-24 compliant fluorescent lighting system that existed before deployment. The rest of this section provides details about the site layout and the energy savings achieved.

Fluorescent + Existing Controls vs. Redwood + LED at Trial A

5.1 Site Layout

Figure 4: Site Layout

Location: Silicon Valley, California Space Types: Open Office Area Fluorescent Fixtures in Before Case: (42) Acuity 2RT5 Fluorescent 2x4 with (2) T5 lamps each LED Fixtures in After Case: (42) Acuity 2RTLED LED 2x2 Lighting Control System in Before Case: (7) Ceiling-mounted occupancy sensors and two bi-level wall- switches controlling two zones. Compliant with latest California Title 24-2008 energy efficiency code. Redwood Systems Control Features deployed in After Case: Advanced dimming and task tuning for each individual fixture. Tailored occupancy with motion time-out values and policies tailored for each specific space. Light levels in Before Case: When all the fluorescent lights were fully turned on, illumination throughout the space averaged 30 footcandles at 30 inches above the floor. Light level in After Case: When all the LED lights were fully turned on, illumination throughout the space averaged 27 footcandles at 30 inches above the floor.

5.2 Raw Data

Figure 5: Plot of one-week segments of raw data & descriptive statistics.

Figure 5 illustrates the raw data that was collected over the course of this trial by the data- loggers. In the Before plot, lights appear to be on almost constantly during the week, even at night. This is likely due to cleaning crew and security personnel walking in the space. With just seven motion sensors, the limited sensing granularity means all the lights are usually turned ON even when there is just one person in the space. In contrast, Redwood has 42 motion sensors in the After case, allowing for the creation of multiple zones that can be turned ON/OFF independent of each other. The less blocky look of the power plot, particularly during non-working hours, is indicative of the fact that lights are only turning on momentarily when needed. Peak power, the highest of amount of power used during the week, is also lower by 32% in the After case due to more efficient LED lights and task tuning. Reduction of peak power usage is important, because electricity rates are highest during the time of day when one typically sees peak power usage, such as mid-afternoons during the summer. For example, in Northern California, Pacific Gas & Electrics new Peak-Day-Pricing (PDP) rate structure charges an additional $1.20/kWh for power used during peak timesalmost 10 times the rate charged during non-peak times.5 A utility bill can be large due to usage of power at peak times, even if the overall energy consumption is low. One of the unexpected results was the degree to which individual users wanted to control their lights independently, even in office spaces that were occupied by several people. Table 1 below shows the high degree of customization, as well an enhanced energy savings, achieved by letting people modify lights on a per-fixture basis with 57% of the fixtures catered to individual user preferences.
5

http://www.pge.com/mybusiness/energysavingsrebates/demandresponse/peakdaypricing/facts/

 Before Individual Control After Individual Control Light Level 85%, uniformly 71%, on average % Light levels decreased 60% % Light levels increased 20% % Light levels unchanged 20% % Offices w/ non-uniform 57% lighting levels Sample Size = 50 fixtures / 7 private offices Table 1: Variation of per-fixture dimming in shared office spaces 5.3 Energy Usage Analysis

Figure 6: Energy usage comparisons for high tech campus

Figure 6 illustrates how various lighting and control scenarios compare with each other. Flour. Existing Controls is the energy used in the Before case when the existing fluorescent lights were controlled by the existing control system. Likewise, LED Redwood is the energy used in the After case when new LEDs were controlled and powered by Redwood. The third and final case factors in the additional savings that result from a reduced heating load for the air-conditioning system. For a building

in a warm climate with year-round air-conditioning, this additional savings potentially results in a net 73% savings going from the Before case to the After case.6 Furthermore, the savings achieved here would have been even greater if daylight harvesting, demand response, and flexible scheduling features had been enabled for this particular site.

6. Real estate management and operating company

The second deployment was a San Francisco headquarters office of a real estate operating and management company that owns and manages ten million square feet of office, multifamily, medical office, and retail properties in the western United States. The company has structured its practice to deliver value at all points in the real estate cycle from initial underwriting, through ownership, and to the final sale. A key way in which they achieve this is through commissioning sustainable and energy- efficient building design. This commercial property manager deployed Redwood at one of its skyscraper office suites in San Francisco. We found measured savings of 36% and estimated savings of 48% with HVAC7 relative to the existing fluorescent and control infrastructure that was in place before Redwood. The rest of this section provides details about the site layout and the energy savings achieved. 6.1 Site Layout

Figure 7: Site Layout for Real Estate Management Offices Location: San Francisco, California Space Types: 3 Private Offices, 2 Open Areas, 1 Conference Room, 1 Closet, Hallway Fluorescent Fixtures in Before Case: (18) 2x4 Fluorescents with (2) T8 lamps each, (8) 2x2 Fluorescents with (2) T8 lamps each, (5) CFL Downlights
6 7

Energy usage reduction is an estimate based on a cooling unit with a Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER) of 10, cooling year-round. Fluorescent + Existing Controls vs. Redwood + LED at Trial B

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 LED Fixtures in After Case: (20) Cree LR24 2x2, (4) Lunera 2200 2x2, (8) Acuity Dom6-900 Downlight Lighting Control System in Before Case: Manual switches; switches are not bi-level, but in each area, there are two switches controlling a subset of lights. There is also a scheduling system that is set to be in the ON mode from 6 AM to 6 PM Mon-Fri and 8 AM to 1 PM on Saturdays. When it is in the ON mode, a light will stay ON after somebody switches it ON, whereas the lights would go off after 1 hour if the scheduling system is in the OFF mode. Redwood Systems Control Features deployed in After Case: Advanced dimming and task tuning for each individual fixture. Tailored occupancy with motion time-out values and policies tailored for each specific space. Light levels in Before Case: When all the fluorescent lights were fully turned on, illumination throughout the space averaged 55 footcandles at 30 inches above the floor. Light level in After Case: When all the LED lights were fully turned on, illumination throughout the space averaged 65 footcandles at 30 inches above the floor. 6.2 Raw Data

Figure 8: Plot of one-week segments of raw data & descriptive statistics Figure 8 illustrates the raw data that was collected over the course of the trial by the dataloggers. Clearly visible in the weekly power plot for the Before case is the clean switching of the scheduling system that turns the lights ON across all rooms during the day and OFF at night. In contrast, motion sensing by Redwood in the After case results in a power plot that is indicative of lights being switched ON only when a specific room is actually being used.

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Peak power, the highest of amount of power used during the week, is also lower by 17% in the After case due to more efficient LED lights and task tuning. Reduction of peak power usage is important, because electricity rates are highest during the time of day when one typically sees peak power usage, such as mid-afternoons during the summer. For example, in Northern California, Pacific Gas & Electrics new Peak-Day-Pricing (PDP) rate structure charges an additional $1.20/kWh for power used during peak timesalmost 10 times the rate charged during non-peak times.8 A utility bill can be high due to usage of power at peak times, even if the overall energy consumption is low. 6.3 Energy Usage Analysis

Figure 9: Energy usage comparisons for real estate office deployment

Figure 6 illustrates how various lighting and control scenarios compare with each other. Controlled Fluorescent is the energy used in the Before case when the existing fluorescent lights were controlled by the existing control system. Likewise, Redwood LED is the energy used in the After case when new LEDs were controlled and powered by Redwood. The third box for Redwood LEDs also factors in the additional savings that result from a reduced heating load for the air-conditioning system. For a building in a warm climate with year-round air-conditioning, this additional savings potentially results in a net 48% savings going from the Before case to the After case.9 Furthermore, the savings achieved here would have been even greater if daylight harvesting, demand response, and flexible scheduling features had been enabled for this particular site.

8 9

http://www.pge.com/mybusiness/energysavingsrebates/demandresponse/peakdaypricing/facts/ Energy usage reduction is an estimate based on a cooling unit with a Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER) of 10, cooling year-round..

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7. Summary
Redwood has created an innovative lighting control system that is able to provide an unprecedented level of ongoing energy savings for its customers. Two of the premier, green-minded companies on the West Coast of the United States chose to deploy this solution in critical office environments. In these cases, the Redwood Systems solution demonstrated up to 73% energy savings over the existing, code-compliant baseline. Redwood also dramatically reduced peak load power consumptionby 32% at one sitewhich can oftentimes be a significant portion of commercial energy rate plans. While the energy savings are impressive, since the time of these measurements, Redwood has already enhanced its control system to save even more energy and those results will be available in the near future. Furthermore, occupants were uniformly impressed by the quality of their new lighting and the ability to dim and adjust it precisely to their individually desired level. To find out how you can save energy, improve your workplace productivity, and gain better insight into how your building is operating, visit our website at www.redwoodsystems.com.

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