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Essential Questions
MID-17TH CENTURY SCIENTISTS WERE STARTING TO EXPERIMENT WITH GAS TO TRY TO DETERMINE ITS PROPERTIES.
THESE EXPERIMENTS CONTINUED FOR ABOUT 200 YEARS AND RESULTED IN SETS OF ACCURATE EQUATIONS THAT WE CALL THE GAS LAWS.
THESE GAS LAWS MAINLY SHOWED HOW THE VARIABLES RELATED TO EACH OTHER.
But before we can start, we should review the information we need to know to study gas. We only measure temperature in K K 273 = C 1 atm = 101.3 kPa = 760 torr =760 mm Hg
Robert Boyle was an English theologian, natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, inventor and a gentleman. He is noted for his work: The Sceptical Chymist , but is best known for his determination of a gas law named after him: BOYLES LAW P1V1=P2V2 PV =constant
Indirect Relationship!
Boyle's Law states that the volume a confined gas is inversely proportional to the pressure exerted upon it.
He is known, however, for having redesigned hotair balloons. He invented the valve line which enables an operator to release gas from the balloon for an easy descent, the appendix, a tube that lets expanded gas out of the balloon, and the nacelle, a wicker basket that is held onto the balloon by a network of ropes and a wooden hoop. He also suggested the use of "inflammable" hydrogen instead of plain "hot-air". His work with gases resulted in the forming of Charles' Law in 1787.
Charles Law
V1 = V2 T1 T For a constant amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature. T2 Direct Relationship!
V = constant
Gay-Lussac was a French Chemist, Physicist and a professor of Physics at the Sorbonne.
P = constant
PV = constant
AMADEUS AVOGADRO
PV = R Tn
PV = nRT
R = gas constant
IDEAL GASES
Gases behave ideally with:
High Temperature
Low Presure
It is ideal because the it allows the gas laws to work perfectly. A real gas is a bit more complicated.