Torrey Botanical Society

An Orange within an Orange Author(s): George Thurber Reviewed work(s): Source: Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, Vol. 6, No. 32 (Aug., 1877), pp. 165-166 Published by: Torrey Botanical Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2475944 . Accessed: 13/08/2012 11:01
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OF THE TORREY BOTANICAL 1877. CLUB. [New York, Aug., Vol VI.,No.32.1 BULLETIN

would give an account of it in the BULLETIN.

k I7I. An Orange within an Orange.-The editorsent me an I it be sufficien-tly the reqjuest withf oranfge that,slhotuld uinusual,

the carpelsapart,to divideit and uipoln breaking peeled for eating, was foundwithliln. fruit and muchsmaller intohalves, anotlher Ihis,

The orange had been

if not the rarest of plhenomena,is certainlyan interestingone, an(d some account of it may be acceptable to the readers of the BULLETIN. Tlhe genus C0ti-us appears to have a remarkable tendency to prodtice abnormal forms,and probably affords writers on vegetable teratology more illustrations thaln almost any otlher. Its leaves, and fruitsport in various ways,anid even its seeds sometimes flo,wers of the contain several extra embryos. Several of the unutsualforlms fruit in oranges, lemons, citrols, etc. are continued in cultivation, on account of their curious or ornamental character. What is knowvn as the " Fingered Oranage" is an illustrationof that deviation fromthe lnormalcondition called diialysis, or tlle sepunited. In this,the carpels are aration of parts tlhatare ordilnarily united below but separated above, and some specimens present the appearance of a hand withits fingersextended. Doct. Maxwell T. Masters ( Vege/abl,be Teratoogy, p. 74) figuresa specimen in which tllis separation continues qtuiteto the base, thus making a twin fruit of two nearly equal, somewhat fusiform, parts. In the " Horned Orange " (and Lemon), perhaps more generally cultivated tlhanany other sport,the abnormal condition is shown in in wlvichthe usual compound ovary is closely surrounded the flowver, by a ring of superntumerary carpels, wlhich are really transformed filaments. In the developement and maturinigof the fruit, tlhese below as to presenta smooth outer carpels become so fused togetlher the ovaryproper, consolidated witlh exterior,anadtheyare crompletely but their upper portions remain distintct anid,projecting more or less above the general suirface, appear as " lhorns." those parts which are exposed In all these malformedcitrtus fruits, to the air and light,are covered with the usual yellow rind, but where the carpels are surrounded andcprotected by others,they are abnordestituteof rind. The " Horned Orange" and several otlher lVa/ul'e/le dles mal formsare figtured by Risso & Poiteau in "Jhs/ozire etc.," incleecl,one wlhohas studied the fine colored plates Oranogers, of that elegant work is prepared for almost any anomaly tlhegenus Thllespecimen seintby the editor illustrates that abnormal condition termed _pciotAxv, an inicrease in the number of wvhorls (as distinct frompoli /hiyly,a multiplication of the parts in the same whorl), and which is of more frequient occuirrencein other parts than here, in the gynaecitm. A second set of carpels has been produced within the usual ring of carpels, and as the intrudersare sturrounded by the normal set, theyare witlhout rind, and, being much crowded, are not perfectlyregular in shape. withinthe orange has occutrred two or threetimes Trlis conditioln withinmyknowledge,but according to Moqulin TIandon (Te;-atologie Vegetlae), it is stufficiently for such oranges to be recognized frequeent in tlhe Canaries as a pop)ularly known class, anid to be given a dismay presenlt.

1i(6 tinctive name. In these islanids,the oranges conitaining a smaller one within them, are termed pregizcadoes, or pregnant fruit, and Ferrari (Hesperides) conveys this same idea in calling stuch fruits fw-tijferes. Moqtiin Tandon states,that three and even fourfruitshave been fotund enclosed, one withiln another, but does lnotname tlhekinds of lhavebeen noticed. fruitin which these unusual ntumbers There is an apple-tree in Pennsylvania, the fruit of whiclh, when presentstwo sets of carpels, or cores, and is popucut longitudinally, larly known there as the " Two-storied Apple," the extra set being fromii tlheeditor's orange, case is still different above the other. rThis or the " Horned Orange." 'T'he flowerof this apple is apetalous by abortion, and bears upon the calyx ttube a set of supernumerary carpels, which stand in place of tlhe petals, and which in the debecome velopement of the calyx-tube, to form the mass of the frtuit, GEORGE THURBER. involved by and imbedded in it.
1 172.

was sent to me, as editor of thieAlner-ican Ag;-ici/commuitinication forpublication in that journal. As the observation,which, so tuzrisi, is for the firsttime recorded, is of interestto so far as I can learn-, Doct. J. P. joor, of Harrisbotanists only, I requested the autlthor, it to the BULLETIN, as it wouild burg, Texas, to allow me to transfer lheremeet the eye of a much larger number of botanical readers. GEORGE THURBER. prostratespecies, is Torr., a verydimiiinutive, NzMzallii, Callitc/iche in the damp soils of Soutlh-EasternTlexas. It hugs not tuncommon at all times veryclosely, and aftera while appears to take the grotund to he a mistake. h-owever, root at every joint. The rooting I finid, tim-le. TI'hepeduncles, two at each joint, are qtite short at flowering Afterthe flowersare fertilized,the peduncles lengthen,at the same downwards, tintiltlhelittle nutlets,characteristicof the time tturning genus, are forced quite beneath the surface of the moist earth. If collected at this time, the peduncles appear like roots,bearing little tubers at theirends. an-d some other l)lants, ripen their Several of the Legutminiosae, tinderground,but I have never seen any allusion to the same fruiit 4- 1,S T F T1IvR MAn) ;1h7Z The Tamarisk Naturalized.-Doct. J. F. Joor, HarrisI73. Texas, writes: "On a recent visit to Galveston, I fotind a butrg, Tamarisk, Taiirix Ga/llica(I think), growing on the island in the along ditclhes,the borders of ponds, etc., and greatest prbfusion, apparentlyperfectlynatturalized. It is the only arborescent plant to thriveon tIheisland. 1 do not thinkit has before been that seeims
b ... .1 . . * 51 __ _J*w 7

-The Hypogaeous Fruiting in Callitriche.

following

Obituary.-Prof. Oran Wilkinson Morris,A.M., recently 1877, at tlhe Librarian of Cooper Union, died on the gthday of Autguist, of his SOl, I)r. Moreau Morris,in East s2d St., New York City. h1oulse He was a lineal descendanitof Richard Morris,wlhoemigrated to this countryfromthe West of England in company with John Winof Massaof the Commonwealtlh throp and was an hionoredmenmlber
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