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True/False Questions 1. Systems analysis is a problem-solving technique that decomposes a system into its component pieces for the purpose of studying how well those component parts work and interact to accomplish their purpose. Answer: True Page: 160 LOD: Easy 2. Systems design is a complementary problem solving technique to systems analysis that reassembles a system's component pieces into a (hopefully improved) complete system. Answer: True Page: 160 LOD: Easy 3. Information systems analysis is defined as those development phases in a project that primarily focus on the business problem, independent of any technology that can or will be used to implement a solution to that problem. Answer: True Page: 160 LOD: Easy 4. A repository is a location (or set of locations) where systems analysts, systems designers and system builders keep the documentation associated with one or more systems or projects. Answer: True Page: 160 LOD: Easy 5. Model driven analysis emphasizes the drawing of pictorial system models to document and validate both existing and/or proposed systems. Ultimately the system model becomes the blueprint for designing and constructing an improved system. Answer: True Page: 161 LOD: Easy 6. Model driven analysis emphasizes the development of application prototypes to quickly implement a new system without the need for requirements analysis. Answer: False Page: 161 LOD: Easy Rationale: Model driven analysis emphasizes the drawing of pictorial system models to document and validate both existing and/or proposed systems. Ultimately the system model becomes the blueprint for designing and constructing an improved system.
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125. _________________________________ is defined as those development phases in a project that primarily focus on the business problem, independent of any technology that can or will be used to implement a solution to that problem. Answer: Information systems analysis Page: 160 LOD: Medium
126. A(n) __________________________ is a location (or set of locations) where systems analysts, systems designers and system builders keep the documentation associated with one or more systems or projects. Answer: repository Page: 160 LOD: Hard
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129. _______________________________________ is a model-driven technique that integrates data and process concerns. Answer: Objected oriented analysis (OOA) Page: 163 LOD: Hard
130. _________________________________ approaches emphasize the construction of prototypes to more rapidly identify business and user requirements for a new system. Answer: Accelerated analysis Page: 163 LOD: Hard
131. __________________________________ is used to identify the user's business requirements by having them react to a quick and dirty implementation of those requirements. Answer: Discovery prototyping Page: 164 LOD: Hard
132. ____________________________________ technology reads the program code for an existing database, application program, and/or user interface and automatically generates the equivalent system model. Answer: Reverse engineering Page: 165 LOD: Medium
133. _________________________ is a classical set of techniques used to collect information about system problems, opportunities, solution requirements and priorities. Answer: Fact finding Page: 165 LOD: Hard
134. ________________________________ techniques use facilitated workshops to bring together all the system owners, system users, systems analysts and some systems designers and builders to jointly perform systems analysis. Answer: Joint requirements planning (JRP) Page: 166 LOD: Medium
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136. _______________________________________ is the application of systems analysis methods to the goal of dramatically changing and improving the fundamental business processes of an organization, independent of information technology. Answer: Business process redesign Page: 166 LOD: Medium
137. The _________________________________________looks at the question "Is this project work looking at?" Answer: scope definition phase Page: 167 LOD: Medium 138. The context for the scope definition phase is primarily concerned with the ________________________________________ perspectives. Answer: system owners' Page: 167 LOD: Medium
139. A __________________________________ defines the project scope, plan, methodology, and standards for a project. It is the first major milestone. Answer: project charter Page: 174 LOD: Medium
140. _____________________ involve the integration of various approaches of systems analysis and design as deemed appropriate to the problem being solved. Answer: agile methods Page: 166 LOD: Medium
141. In the scope definition phase, _____________________________ is used to represent what time frame the problem needs to be solved or the opportunity or directive to be realized. Answer: urgency Page: 170 LOD: Medium
142. In the scope definition phase, __________________________ is used to assess the degree to which a project solution or new system would be visible to customers and/or executive management. Answer: visibility Page: 170 LOD: Hard
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144. A _____________ is a business scenario or event for which the system must provide a define response. Answer: use case Page: 188 LOD: Medium 145. A _________________ requirement is one that does not have to be included in version 1.0. Answer: desirable Page: 188 LOD: Medium
146. __________________________ defines the boundary of the project those aspects of the business that will and will not be included. Scope can change during the life cycle of a project, however, the initial project plan needs to establish the preliminary scope to provide a context for the budget and schedule. Answer: Scope Page: 169 LOD: Medium 147. A(n) __________________________________ is a committee of executive business and system managers that studies and prioritizes competing project proposals to determine which projects will return the most value to the organization and thus should be approved for continued system development. Answer: steering body Page: 173 LOD: Medium
148. The _____________________________phase is best described by the statement, "Don't try to fix it unless you understand it." Answer: problem analysis Page: 174 LOD: Hard
149. The _____________________________phase typically includes the following tasks: (1) study the problem domain; (2) analyze problems and opportunities; (3) analyze business processes; (4) establish system improvement objectives; (5) update the project plan; (6) present findings and recommendations. Answer: problem analysis Page: 175 LOD: Medium
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151. _________________________________ fall into four categories: schedule; cost; technology; and policy. Answer: Constraints Page: 183 LOD: Medium
152. The deliverable for the ______________________________ phase is the completion of an updated project plan, including problem analyses, any system models, the system improvement objectives, and any other documentation that was produced during this phase. Answer: problem analysis Page: 183 LOD: Hard
153. The ___________________________________ phase, comes after the problem analysis phase, and defines the business requirements for a new system. Answer: requirements analysis Page: 185s LOD: Medium
154. The _____________________________________ phase typically includes prioritizing system requirements. Answer: requirements analysis Page: 185 LOD: Medium
155. A ________________________________ is a description of activities and services a system must provide. Answer: functional requirement Page: 185 LOD: Medium
156. A _________________________________ is a description of other features, characteristics and constraints that define a satisfactory system. Answer: nonfunctional requirement Page: 185 LOD: Medium
157. _______________ is a technique that delivers the information system in multiple versions. Answer: timeboxing Page: 188 LOD: Medium
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159. One approach to logical design is to structure ___________________________ solutions. Answer: structure the functional requirements. Page: 191 LOD: Hard
160. All systems documentation is kept in a _________________________. Answer: repository Page: 160 LOD: Medium
161. __________________________________ is a problem-solving technique that decomposes a system into its component pieces for the purpose of studying how well those component parts work and interact to accomplish their purpose. Answer: Systems analysis Page: 160 LOD: Medium
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Figure 1: Nomenclature of JSP/JSD The structure diagram consists of three main simple constructs: 'sequence', 'selection' and 'iteration'.
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Figure 2: Sequence Construct The order of the boxes indicates sequence. Events must occur in the sequence account opened, account life (the transactions which occur) and finally account closed.
Selection:
Figure 3: Selection Construct The 'o' in the box indicates alternatives. A transaction is either a deposit or a withdrawal.
Figure 4: Null Selection Construct A null box is used when a no selection option is required.
Iteration:
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Figure 5: Iteration Construct The asterisk represents iteration. Transactions can occur in succession. Note that an iteration of zero is allowed, so this construct can indicate that a state may or may not occur. The constructs are grouped together into tree-like structures, the single box at the top indicating the entity:
Figure 6: The Full Diagram for Bank Account The meaning of the above structure diagram is that, given any bank account, the first event is the 'open' event, the 'account lifetime events can only occur after an 'open' event and before a 'close' event. Similarly, a 'close' event can only occur after an 'open' event and the 'accounts lifetime'. From the structure chart we can also observe that 'account lifetime' is also decomposed in to an iteration of 'account transactions'. Strictly, the iteration can occur zero or more times therefore no 'account transaction' is required to take place between the 'Bank Account' being 'opened' and 'closed'. Finally, the 'account transactions' can be one of two events: 'deposit', or 'withdrawal'. There is no time-ordering to selectable components so in this representation a 'withdrawal' could precede a 'deposit'. Note that an event can affect two entities e.g. the event account opened would also be on the ELH for the entity customer.
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Figure 7: Parallel Life Construct The parallel life indicates that transactions and overdrafts can occur at the same time..
The Q1 indicates the points at which the diagram is left and the R1 where it is re-joined. There may be more than one quit and resume on a diagram hence the number following the letter.
Whitten/Bentley, Systems Analysis & Design Methods, Seventh Edition 101
Fossil etc.
The entity/event matrix shows how many times an event can occur (1, many or none). From this the ELH can be drawn.
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interaction between entities, particularly their disconnection and reconnection; abnormal death events (use separate Q and R); reversions i.e. resumption of normal life; random events using parallel life structure.
Store <attribute>, keys, remaining attributes, <attribute> using <expression>; Replace <attribute>, <attribute> by <expression>;
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Tie to <entity> (establish relationship with master); Cut from <entity> (remove relationship with master); Gain <entity> (establish relationship with detail); Lose <entity> (remove relationship with detail).
valid previous values is a list of values a state indicator can have for the event to be allowed; value a state indicator is set to by the event.
first adding set to values; then considering the sequence of events to determine the valid previous values.
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