Eve

Eve
Eve

Adam and Eve by Lucas Cranach the Elder shows Eve giving Adam the fruit. Spouse(s) Children Adam Cain Abel Seth Other unknown children

Eve (Hebrew: , Classical Hebrew: awwh, Modern Israeli Hebrew: Khavah, Arabic: , Syriac: , Tigrinya: ? or Hiywan) was, according to Abrahamic religions, the first woman created by God.

Name and origin

In the Bible, Eve (Hawwa'; Ge'ez: or Hiywan, "living one" or "source of life", related to y, "to live"; Greek: [1] or he, ultimately from the Semitic root yw;[2]) is Adam's wife. Her name occurs only four times; the first being Genesis 3:20: "And Adam called his wife's name awwh; because she was the mother of all living." In Vulgate she appears as "Hava" in the Old Testament, but "Eva" in the New Testament. The name may actually be derived from that of the Hurrian Goddess Kheba, who was shown in the Amarna Letters to be worshipped in Jerusalem during the Late Bronze Age.[citation needed] It has been suggested that the name Kheba may derive from Kubau, a woman who reigned as the first king of the Third Dynasty of Kish[3][4] Another name, Asherah, in the first millennium BCE was Chawat, or Hawwah in Aramaic (Eve in English).[5] The Hebrew name Eve ( )bears resemblance[6] to an Aramaic word for "snake" (O.Arb.: ;J.Arm.: ). Eve is the first woman mentioned in the Bible. Here it was Adam who gave her the name Eve. Eve lived with Adam in the Garden of Eden during the time which Adam was described as having walked with God. Eventually, however, with Fall of Man, the pair were removed from the garden because she was encouraged by the serpent (or snake) to eat the fruit of the Tree of the knowledge of good and evil and, with the temptation, led Adam to eat of the forbidden fruit. In the Tyndale Bible Adam's wife is called "Heua" in accordance with the Greek form (although in Genesis 3:20 the

Creation of EveMarble relief by Lorenzo Maitani on the Orvieto Cathedral, Italy

Septuagint says that Adam called her ).

Eve Though Eve is not a saint's name, the traditional name day of Adam and Eve has been celebrated on December 24 since the Middle Ages in many European countries, e.g. Germany, Hungary, Scandinavia, Estonia, Lithuania.

Creation
Eve was created in the Garden of Eden to be the wife of Adam. God decides that "It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him a companion fit for him." In Genesis 2:2122 it states: "And God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam, and he slept: and he took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof; And the rib, which God had taken from man, made he a woman, and brought her unto the man"

After her creation, Adam names his companion Woman, "because she was taken out of Man."[7] "Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife: and they shall be one flesh."

The creation of Eve, from the Sistine Chapel ceiling by Michelangelo

Eve is also mentioned in the Book of Tobit (viii, 8; Sept., viii, 6) where it is simply affirmed that she was given to Adam as a helper. An alternate tradition, originating in a Jewish book called The Alphabet of Ben-Sira which entered Europe from the East in the 6th century AD suggests that Lilith, not Eve, was Adam's first wife, created at the same time and from the same dust. The tradition goes that Lilith, claiming to be created equal, refused to sleep or serve "under him" (Adam). When Adam tried to force her into the "inferior" position, she flew away from Eden into the air, where she copulated with demons, conceiving hundreds more each day. God sent three angels after her, who threatened to kill her brood if she refused to return to Adam. But she did refuse. So God made Eve from Adam's rib to be his "second wife." Controversy regarding the "rib" continues to the present day, regarding the Sumerian and the original Hebrew words for rib. The common translation, for example, that of the King James Version, is that means "one of his ribs". The contrary position is that the term or ela, occurring forty-one times in the Tanakh, is most often translated as "side" in general. "Rib" is, however, the etymologically primary meaning of the term, which is from a root -l- meaning "bend", a cognate to the Assyrian lu meaning "rib". Also God took "one" (ead) of Adam's ela, suggesting an individual rib. The Septuagint has , with choosing a Greek term that, like the Hebrew ela, may mean either "rib", or, in the plural, "side [of a man or animal]" in general. The specification "one of the " thus closely imitates the Hebrew text. The Aramaic form of the word is or or ala, which appears, also in the meaning "rib", in Daniel 7:5. An old story of the rib was told by Rabbi Joshua: "God deliberated from what member He would create woman, and He reasoned with Himself thus: I must not create her from Adam's head, for she would be a proud person, and hold her head high. If I create her from the eye, then she will wish to pry into all things; if from the ear, she will wish to hear all things; if from the mouth, she will talk much; if from the heart, she will envy people; if from the hand, she will desire to take all things; if from the feet, she will be a gadabout. Therefore I will create her from the member which is hid, that is the rib,

Creation of Eve, sandstone from Montbenon (Lausanne), circa 1515. On display at Lausanne historical museum.

Eve which is not even seen when man is naked."[8] Anatomically, men and women have the same number of ribs 24. When this fact was noted by the Flemish anatomist Vesalius in 1524 it touched off a wave of controversy, as it seemed to contradict Genesis 2:21.[citation needed] Some, for instance Samuel Noah Kramer, hold[9] that the origin of this motif is the Sumerian myth in which the goddess Ninhursag created a beautiful garden full of lush vegetation and fruit trees, called Edinu, in Dilmun, the Sumerian earthly Paradise, a place which the Sumerians believed to exist to the east of their own land, beyond the sea. Ninhursag charged Enki, her lover and husband, with controlling the wild animals and tending the garden, but Enki became curious about the garden, and his assistant, Adapa, selected seven plants (8 in some version) and offered them to Enki, who ate them. (In other versions of the story[citation needed] he seduced in turn seven generations of the offspring of his Biblia Pauperum illustration of Eve divine marriage with Ninhursag). This enraged Ninhursag, and she caused Enki and the serpent to fall ill. Enki felt pain in his rib, which is a pun in Sumerian, as the word "ti" means both "rib" and "life". The other gods persuaded Ninhursag to relent. Ninhursag then created a new goddess (7 or 8 to heal his 7 or 8 ailing organs, including his rib) named Ninti, (a name composed of "Nin", or "lady", and "ti", and which can be translated as both "Lady of Living" and "Lady of the Rib"), to cure Enki. Neither Ninhursag nor Ninti are exact parallels of Eve, since both differ from the character. However, given that the pun with rib is present only in Sumerian, linguistic criticism places the Sumerian account as the more ancient and therefore, a possible narrative influence on the Judeo-Christian story of creation.[10]

Eve

Temptation, fall, and expulsion from the garden

The serpent tells the woman that she will not die if she eats the fruit of the tree: "For God doth know that in the day ye eat thereof, then your eyes shall be opened, and ye shall be as gods, knowing good and evil."[] So the woman eats, and gives to the man who also eats. "And the eyes of them both were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together, and made themselves aprons."[] The man and woman hide themselves from God, the man blaming the woman for giving him the fruit, and the woman blaming the serpent. God curses the serpent, "upon thy belly shalt thou go, and dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy life;"[] the woman he punishes with childbirth (and the pain therein), and with subordination to man: "and thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee;"[] and Adam[11] he punishes with a life of toil: "In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground."[] The man names his wife Eve,[12] "because she was the mother of all living."[] "Behold," says God, "the man is become as one of us, to know good and evil."[] God expels the couple from Eden, "lest he put forth his hand, and take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live for ever;" the gate of Eden is sealed by cherubim and a flaming sword "to keep the way of the tree of life."[]

Adam, Eve, and the (female) serpent at the entrance to Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, France. The portrayal of the image of the serpent as a mirror of Eve was common in earlier iconography as a result of the identification of women as the source of human original sin

Mother of humanity
According to the Bible, for her share in the transgression, Eve (and womankind after her) is sentenced to a life of sorrow and travail in childbirth, and to be under the power of her husband. While believers accept that all subsequent humans have Eve as an ancestor, she is believed to be unique in that although all people after her were physically created from women, Eve herself was created from a man. Adam and Eve had two sons, Cain and Abel (or Habel), the first a tiller of the ground, the second a keeper of sheep.[13] After the death of Abel, Eve gave birth to a third son, Seth (or Sheth), from whom Noah (and thus the whole of modern humanity) is descended. According to the Bible, Eve states "God hath given me [literally, "put" or "appointed", in Hebrew "shth"] another seed, for Abel whom Cain slew" (Genesis 4:25).

In different religions
Judaism
Even in ancient times, the presence of two distinct accounts was noted, and regarded with some curiosity. The first account says male and female [God] created them (Genesis 1:27), which has been assumed by critical scholars to imply simultaneous creation, whereas the second account states that God created Eve from Adam's rib because Adam was lonely (Genesis 2:18 ff.). Thus to resolve this apparent discrepancy, some medieval rabbis suggested that Eve and the woman of the first account were two separate individuals, Eve and Lilith.

Eve

5 Another Jewish tradition, also used to explain the "male and female He created them" line, is that God originally created Adam as a hermaphrodite (Midrash Rabbah - Genesis VIII:1), and in this way was bodily and spiritually male and female. He later decided that "it is not good for [Adam] to be alone," and created the separate beings of Adam and Eve, thus creating the idea of two people joining together to achieve a union of the two separate spirits. Only three of Adam's children (Cain, Abel, and Seth) are explicitly named in Genesis, although it does state that there were other sons and daughters as well (Genesis 5:4). In Jubilees, two daughters are named Azr, first, and Awn, who was born after Seth, Cain, Abel, nine other sons, and Azr. Jubilees goes on to state that Cain later married Awn and Seth married Azr, thus, accounting for their descendants. However, according to the Midrash of Genesis Rabba and other later sources, either Cain had a twin sister, and Abel had two twin sisters, or Cain had a twin sister named Lebuda, and Abel a twin sister named Qelimath. Other pseudepigrapha give further details of their life outside of Eden, in particular, the Life of Adam and Eve (also known as the Apocalypse of Moses) consists entirely of a description of their life outside Eden. According to traditional Jewish belief, Eve is buried in the Cave of Machpelah.
Lilith, by John Collier, 1887

Eve

Christianity
In Christian tradition, Eve is often used as the exemplar of sexual temptation, a tendency not found in Judaism, where Lilith plays that role. Furthermore, the serpent that tempted Eve was interpreted within most Christian traditions to have been Satan, although there is no mention of this identification in the Torah. In fact, Genesis does not even hint at any of these readings. While such ideas are found in some of the Jewish apocrypha, their adoption by many Christians but not by modern Judaism marked the radical split between the two religions. Writings dealing with this subject are extant in Greek, Latin, Slavonic, Syriac, Armenian and Arabic. They go back undoubtedly to a Jewish basis, but in some of the forms in which they appear at present they are Christianized throughout. The oldest and for the most part Jewish portion of this literature is called Primary Adam Literature (see Life of Adam and Eve). Before discussing Primary Adam Literature it is useful to mention other members of this literature, which, though derivable ultimately from Jewish sources, are Christian in their present form; The Book of Adam and Eve, also called the Conflict of Adam and Eve with Satan[15] and a Syriac work entitled Cave of Treasures.[16] This work has close affinities to the Conflict, but is said by Dillmann to be more original. Drawing upon the statement in II Cor., xi, 3, where reference is made to Eve's deception by the serpent, and in I Tim., ii, 13-4, where the Apostle enjoins submission and silence upon women, arguing that "Adam was first formed, then Eve. And Adam was not deceived, but the woman being deceived was in the transgression", because Eve had tempted Adam to eat of the fatal fruit, some early Fathers of the Church held her and all subsequent women to be the first sinners, and especially responsible for the Fall because of the sin of Eve. She was also called "the lance of the demon", "the road of iniquity" "the sting of the scorpion", "a daughter of falsehood, the sentinel of Hell", "the enemy of peace" and "of the wild beast, the most dangerous." "You are the devil's gateway," Tertullian told his female listeners in the early 2nd century, and went on to explain that all women were responsible for the death of Christ: "On account of your desert that is, death even the Son of God had to die."[17] In this way Eve is compared with the Greco-Roman myth of Pandora who was responsible for bringing evil into the world. Saint Augustine, according to Elaine Pagels, used the sin of Eve to justify his idiosyncratic view of humanity as permanently scarred by the Fall, which led to the Catholic doctrine of Original sin.

Original sin, by Michiel Coxie

The snake in this piece, by the Workshop of Giovanni della Robbia, has a woman's face that [14] resembles Eve's.

In 1486 the Renaissance Dominicans Heinrich Kramer and Jacob Sprenger took this further as one of their justifications in the Malleus Maleficarum ("Hammer of the Witches"), a central text in three centuries of persecution of "witches". Such "Eve bashing" is much more common in Christianity than in Judaism or Islam, though major differences in the status of women does not seem to have been the result.

Eve This is often balanced by the typology of the Madonna, much as "Old Adam" is balanced by Christ this is even the case in the Malleus whose authors were capable of writing things such as "Justly we may say with Cato of Utica: If the world could be rid of women, we should not be without God in our intercourse. For truly, without the wickedness of women, to say nothing of witchcraft, the world would still remain proof against innumerable dangers", but were aware that a large percentage of those accusing witches were female as well, and they perhaps feared losing their support: "There are also others who bring forward yet other reasons, of which preachers should be very careful how they make use. For it is true that in the Old Testament the Scriptures have much that is evil to say about women, and this because of the first temptress, Eve, and her imitators; yet afterwards in the New Testament we find a change of name, as from Eva to Ave (as S. Jerome says), and the whole sin of Eve taken away by the benediction of Mary. Therefore preachers should always say as much praise of them as possible." It is interesting to note that in pre-industrial times, misogynous authorities were often (such as in The Romance of the Rose feminist debate) just called "The Roman Books", due to the perceived paternalistic attitude of both Pagan & Christian Romans to gender problems.[citation needed] In another example of "Eve bashing", Gregory of Tours reported that in the Council of Macon (585 CE), attended by 43 bishops, one bishop maintained that woman could not be included under the term "man", and as being responsible for Adam's sin, had a deficient soul. However, he accepted the reasoning of the other bishops and did not press his case, for the holy book of the Old Testament tells us that in the beginning, when God created man, "Male and female he created them" and the term used was Adam which means earthly man; he called the woman Eve, yet of both he used the word "man." Eve in Christian Art is most usually portrayed as the temptress of Adam, and often during the Renaissance the serpent in the Garden is portrayed as having a woman's face identical to that of Eve. Some Christians claim monogamy is implied in the story of Adam and Eve as one woman is created for one man. Eve's being taken from his side implies not only her secondary role in the conjugal state (1 Corinthians 11:9), but also emphasizes the intimate union between husband and wife, and the dependence of the latter on the former "Wherefore a man shall leave father and mother, and shall cleave to his wife: and they shall be two in one flesh." Eve is commemorated as a matriarch in the Calendar of Saints of the Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod with Adam on December 19.

Gnosticism
Eve too has different roles within Gnosticism. For example she is often seen as the embodiment of the supreme feminine principle, called Barbelo (from Arb-Eloh), barbeloth, or barthenos. As such she is equated with the light-maiden of Sophia (Wisdom), creator of the word (Logos) of God, the "thygater tou photos" or simply the Virgin Maiden, "parthenos". In other texts she is equated with Zoe (Life).[18] Again, in conventional Christianity, this is a prefigurement of Mary, also sometimes called "the Second Eve". In other Gnostic texts, such as The Hypostasis of the Archons (The Reality of the Rulers), the Pistis Sophia is equated with Eve's daughter, Norea, the wife of Seth. As a result of such Gnostic beliefs, especially among Marcionites, women were considered equal to men, being revered as prophets, teachers, traveling evangelists, faith healers, priests and even bishops.

Eve

Islam
Although she is mentioned in the hadith,[19] Eve is not mentioned by name in the Qur'an, she is nevertheless referred to as Adam's spouse, and Islamic tradition refers to her in Arabic as or Haww. Mention of Adam's spouse is found in verses 30-39 of Sura 2, verses 11-25 of Sura 7, verses 26-42 of Sura 15, verses 61-65 of Sura 17, verses 50-51 of Sura 18, verses 110-124 of Sura 20 and in verses 71-85 of Sura 38. Accounts of Adam and Eve in Islamic texts, which include the Quran and the books of Sunnah (Hadith), are similar but different to that of the Torah and Bible. A similarity in particular, Sura 7:22-23 recounts: "By deceit he [Satan] brought them to their fall: when they tasted the tree, their shame became manifest to them and they began to sew together the leaves of the Garden over their bodies. And their Lord called unto them: Did I not forbid you that tree and tell you that Satan was your avowed enemy?" They said: "Our Lord we have wronged our own souls and if You forgive us not and bestow not upon us Your mercy, we shall certainly be lost."

However, the Quran does not suggest that God created Eve independently from Adam, as opposed to some beliefs that she was. It is generally believed by Muslims that Eve was created from Adam's rib to be his partner and companion. Surah Al-Nisa 4:1: "O mankind, fear your Lord, who created you from one soul and created from it its mate and dispersed from both of them many men and women. And fear Allah , through whom you ask one another, and the wombs. Indeed Allah is ever, over you, an Observer." Another difference is that Eve is not blamed for enticing Adam to eat the forbidden fruit, nor is there the concept of original sin. On the contrary, the Quran indicates that Adam initiated the eating of the fruit but God simply blames both of them for the transgression as they both ate the fruit. "Then Satan whispered to him (Adam); he said, "O Adam, shall I direct you to the tree of eternity and possession that will not deteriorate? And Adam and his wife ate of it, and their private parts became apparent to them, and they began to fasten over themselves from the leaves of Paradise. And Adam disobeyed his Lord and erred." (Quran - 20:121-122) However, there are hadiths, which are contested, saying the Prophet Mohammed (narrated by Abu Hurrairah) designates Eve as the epitome of female betrayal. "Narrated Abu Hurrairah: The Prophet said, 'Were it not for Bani Israel, meat would not decay; and were it not for Eve, no woman would ever betray her husband.'" (Sahih Bukhari, Hadith 611, Volume 55) An identical but more explicit version is found in the second most respected book of prophetic narrations, Sahih Muslim. "Abu Hurrairah (May Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Messenger (May peace be upon him) as saying: Had it not been for Eve, woman would have never acted unfaithfully towards her husband." (Hadith 3471, Volume 8). The above verses from the Quran (20:121-122) are the reason these accounts are disputed and the authenticity of these hadiths is challenged. As the Quran never blamed Eve for the sin that they both (Adam and Eve) committed together. To condemn all the women in the world for a sin that Eve committed is against a basic Quranic teaching which states that no soul is accountable for the sins of another: Say, is it other than Allah I should desire as a lord while He is the Lord of all things? And every soul earns not [blame] except against itself, and no bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another. Then to your Lord is your return, and

Adam and Eve expelled from Paradise, from a Fal-nameh manuscript, Topkapi Palace library, Istanbul.

Eve He will inform you concerning that over which you used to differ. (6:164) Traditionally, the final resting place of Eve is said to be the "Tomb of Eve" in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Bah'
The Bah' account of Eve is described in Some Answered Questions. `Abdu'l-Bah describes Eve as a symbol of the soul and as containing divine mysteries.[20] The Bah' Faith claims the account of Eve in previous Abrahamic traditions is metaphorical.[21]

Footnotes
[2] American Heritage Dictionary [3] The Weidner "Chronicle" mentioning Kubaba from A.K. Grayson, Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles (1975) [4] Munn, Mark (2004). "Kybele as Kubaba in a Lydo-Phrygian Context": Emory University cross-cultural conference "Hittites, Greeks and Their Neighbors in Central Anatolia" (Abstracts) [5] Dever, William K (2005), "Did God Have A Wife? Archaeology And Folk Religion In Ancient Israel" (Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company) [6] Saul Olyan, Asherah (1988), pp. 70-71, contested by O. Keel [7] The Hebrew word "man" is or '. The Hebrew word for woman is or '. [8] Polano, Hymen (1890) The Talmud. Selections from the contents of that ancient book... Also, brief sketches of the men who made and commented upon it, p. 280. F. Warne, ISBN 1-150-73362-4, digitized by Google Books (http:/ / books. google. com/ books?id=5EApAAAAYAAJ& pg=PA280) on 7 July 2008 [9] Kramer, Samuel Noah: "History Begins at Sumer: Thirty-Nine "Firsts" in Recorded History" (1956) [10] Kramer, Samuel Noah (1944, republished 2007), "Sumerian Mythology: A Study of the Spiritual and Literary Achievement in the Third Millenium B.C." (Forgotten Books) [11] This (Gen.3:17) is the point at which Adam is first used as a proper name. [12] , Classical Hebrew: awwh, Modern Israeli Hebrew: Khavah, meaning "life". [15] Translated from the Ethiopic (1882) by Malan. First translated by Dillmann (Das christl. Adambuch des Morgenlandes, 1853), and the Ethiopic book first edited by Trump (Abh. d. Mnch. Akad. xv., 1870-1881). [16] Die Schatzhhle translated by Carl Bezold from three Syriac MSS. in 1883 and subsequently edited in Syriac in 1888. [18] Krosney, Herbert (2007) "The Lost Gospel: the quest for the Gospel of Judas Iscariot" (National Geographic) [19] Beyond The Exotic: Women's Histories In Islamic Societies - Page 9, Amira El Azhary Sonbol - 2005 [20] Revisioning the Sacred: New Perspectives on a Bahi Theology - Volume 8 - Page 215 Jack McLean - 1997 [21] Earth Circles: Baha'i Perspectives on Global Issues - Page 77, Michael Fitzgerald - 2003

References
Primary sources
Genesis ii.7-iii.23 Paulinus Minorita, Compendium

Secondary sources
Flood, John (2010) "Representations of Eve in Antiquity and the English Middle Ages" (Routledge) Norris, Pamela. (1998) "The Story of Eve" (MacMillan Books) Pagels, Elaine. (1989) "Adam, Eve and the Serpent" (Vintage Books) Tumanov, Vladimir. (2011) Mary versus Eve: Paternal Uncertainty and the Christian View of Women]. (http:// vladarticles.yolasite.com/resources/Mary Versus Eve.pdf) Neophilologus: International Journal of Modern and Mediaeval Language and Literature (http://www.springerlink.com/content/l5p628061270vx41/) 95 (4: 507-521.

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File:Lucas Cranach the Elder-Adam and Eve 1533.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Lucas_Cranach_the_Elder-Adam_and_Eve_1533.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: User:Till.niermann File:Orvieto060.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Orvieto060.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Contributors: Georges Jansoone (JoJan) File:Creation of Eve.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Creation_of_Eve.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Barosaul, FA2010, G.dallorto, Mattes, Sailko, TTaylor, Wst, Xenophon File:Creation-IMG 4784.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Creation-IMG_4784.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 2.0 Contributors: Rama File:BibliaPauperum.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:BibliaPauperum.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Ecphora, Irmgard, Warburg, Wst File:France Paris Notre-Dame-Adam and Eve.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:France_Paris_Notre-Dame-Adam_and_Eve.jpg License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported Contributors: Rebecca Kennison File:Lilith (John Collier painting).jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Lilith_(John_Collier_painting).jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: user:A.I. File:Michiel Coxie - Original Sin - WGA05581.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Michiel_Coxie_-_Original_Sin_-_WGA05581.jpg License: Public Domain Contributors: Auntof6, Bukk, HajoDreyfu File:Workshop of Giovanni della Robbia - Adam and Eve - Walters 27219 - Front Installation.jpg Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Workshop_of_Giovanni_della_Robbia_-_Adam_and_Eve_-_Walters_27219_-_Front_Installation.jpg License: unknown Contributors: Deanlaw, Jarekt, Sailko, Shakko File:Adam and Hawa.GIF Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Adam_and_Hawa.GIF License: Public Domain Contributors: -

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