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1
Review previous lecture’s contents (Cont…)
Color intensity levels in the image
( A Gray scale image)
10
Original Object A Bitmap Image 96 96 9 255 255
(8bits Grey Scale)
65
92 175 210 255 255
Black white
70
90 175 162 165 255
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 … ………..255
y
Review previous lecture’s contents (Cont…)
Point Processing
z In this case T is referred to as a grey level transformation function or
a point processing operation
z Point processing operations take the form
z s=T(r)
z where s refers to the processed image pixel value and r refers to the
original image pixel value
Original Image Enhanced Image x
x
r s = T[ r] s
s = intensitymax - r
Original Negative
Image s = 255 - r Image
k n
s k = ∑
j = 1 n
j
z Neighbourhoods are
mostly a rectangle
around a central pixel
z Any size rectangle Neighbourhood
(x, y)
y Image f (x, y)
Simple Neighbourhood Operations
10
The Spatial Filtering Process
Origin x
a b c r s t
d
g
e
h
f
i
* u
x
v
y
w
z
Original Image Filter
Simple 3*3 Pixels
e 3*3 Filter
Neighbourhood
eprocessed = v*e +
r*a + s*b + t*c +
u*d + w*f +
y Image f (x, y) x*g + y*h + z*i
99 106 98
95 90 85
* 1/
1/
9
1/
1/
9
1/
1/
9
9 9 9
1/ 100
104 1/ 108
1/ Original Image Filter
9 9 9
Simple 3*3 199
/9 1106
/9 198
/9
3*3 Smoothing Pixels
Neighbourhood 195
/9 190
/9 185
/9
Filter
e = 1/9*106 +
1/ *104 + 1/ *100 + 1/ *108 +
9 9 9
1/ *99 + 1/ *98 +
9 9
y Image f (x, y) 1/ *95 + 1/ *90 + 1/ *85
9 9 9
= 98.3333
The above calculation is repeated for every pixel in the original image to
generate the smoothed image
Image Smoothing Example
is an original image of
size 500*500 pixels
z The subsequent images
show the image after
filtering with an averaging
filter of increasing sizes
{3, 5, 9, 15 and 35
z Notice how detail begins
to disappear
Weighted Smoothing Filters
1) Calculate a yellow colour pixel’s intensity levels of the median smoothed image!
2) Calculate a red colour pixel’s intensity levels of the simple averaging smoothed image!
3) Calculate a blue colour pixel’s intensity level of the weighted averaging smoothed image!
Practical work (working with photoshop):
1. Image Filters in Photoshop CS
2. Layer Basics
z Create, View, Hide and Select layers
z Renaming and copying a layer
z Selecting and removing some pixels from layers
z Rearranging layers
z Apply blending modes to layers
z Apply text
3. Mask and Channels
z Refine a selection using a quick mask
z Save a selection as a channel mask
z Load saved mask and apply effects
z Extracting an image
z Adding the extracted image as a layer
z Applying a filter effect to masked selection
z Creating and applying effect using gradient mask