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MAHALAKSHMI
ENGINEERING COLLEGE
TIRUCHIRAPALLI 621213
QUESTION BANK

DEPARTMENT: CIVIL SUBJECT CODE / Name: CE 2254 / SURVEYING II

UNIT 1- TACHEOMETRIC SURVEYING PART A (2 marks) 1. Why is an anallatic lens provided in tacheometer?

SEMESTER: IV

(AUC Apr/May 2010)

2. What are the multiplying constant and additive constant of a tacheometer? (AUC Apr/May 2010) 3. Consider the horizontal distance equation D = KS + C. what are represented by K, S and C. (AUC Apr/May 2011) 4. What is parallax? How it can be eliminated? 5. What are the different systems of tacheometric survey? 6. What is a base net? 7. Define Stadia diagrams. 8. Write any two advantages of tacheometric surveying. 9. What is a tacheometer? (AUC Apr/May 2011) (AUC May/June 2009) (AUC May/June 2009) (AUC Nov/Dec 2010) (AUC Nov/Dec 2010) (AUC May/June 2012)

10. Enumerate the errors caused due to manipulation and sighting in tacheometric surveying. (AUC May/June 2012) 11. State the uses of tacheometry. 12. What is subtense bar? What are its advantages? 13. What are the three types of telescope used in stadia surveying? 14. List merits and demerits of movable hair method in tacheometric survey. 15. Compare tangential and stadia method. 16. What is the difference between a theodolite and tacheometer? 17. What is tangential tacheometry? 18. State the use of subtense bar. 19. The readings on a staff held vertically 60 m from a tacheometer were 1.460 and 2.055. The line of sight was horizontal. The focal length of the objective lens was 24 cm and the distance from the objective lens to the vertical axis was 15 cm. Calculate the stadia interval. 20. What is the difference between staff intercept and stadia intercept? IV Semester Civil CE2254-Surveying II by M.Dinagar A.P / Civil (AUC Nov/Dec 2012) (AUC Nov/Dec 2012)

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PART B (16 marks) 1. (i) A vane 3 m above the foot of a staff was sighted at a point 1200 m away from the instrument. The observed vertical angle was 1 30'. The reduced level of the instrument station was 250.50 m and the height of the instrument axis is 1.5 m. Find the reduced level of the staff station. Apply the combined correction for curvature and refraction in finding the R.L. of the station. (8) (AUC Apr/May 2011) (ii) Determine the gradient from a point A to a point B from the following observations made with a tacheometer fitted with an anallatic lens. The constant of the instrument was 100 m and the staff was held vertically. (8) Inst station P Staff station A B Bearing 134 224 Vertical angle + 10 32' + 05 06' Staff readings 1.360, 1.915 1.065, 1.885 (AUC Apr/May 2011)

2. To determine the gradient between two points A and B a tacheometer was set up at another station
C and the following observations were taken, keeping the staff vertical. Staff at Vertical angle A B + 4 20 00 + 0 10 40 Stadia readings (m) 1.300, 1.610, 1.920 1.100, 1.410, 1.720

If the horizontal angle ACB is 35 20 00. Determine the average gradient between A and B, k = 100, c = 0.

(AUC Nov/Dec 2010)

3. In a subtense measurement of a leg of a traverse, two targets were set up at right angles to the line
of sight from the Instrument Station but on a sloping ground. From the following data, calculate the distance of P and Q from the instrument stations. Angle of elevation to target at P = 48o 00 Angle of elevation to target at Q = 12 40 Horizontal angle at instrument subtended by PQ = 1 40 20 Height of target above ground = 1.600 m Slope measurement PQ = 28.0 m.

(AUC Nov/Dec 2010)

4. Derive the expressions for horizontal and vertical distances by fixed hair method when the line of sight is inclined and staff is held vertically. (8) (AUC Apr/May 2010)

IV Semester Civil CE2254-Surveying II by M.Dinagar A.P / Civil

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5. Determine the gradient from a point P to point Q from the following observations carried out with a tacheometer fitted with an anallatic lens. Inst station Staff point Bearing Vertical angle Staff readings

340

+ 17

0.760, 1.455, 2.170

70

+ 12

0.655, 1.845, 3.150

Assume that the staff is held vertical and that the multiplying constant of the instrument is 100. (8) 6. Explain the objectives and theory of anallatic lens. (8) 7. The following are the observation taken by a theodolite. Inst station A Staff station BM Target Vertical angle -12 -9 -6 +4 Staff reading 0.650 RL of B.M. Upper A B Lower Upper (8) 2.550 1.255 3.100 (AUC Apr/May 2010) = 500 m Remarks (AUC Apr/May 2010) (AUC Apr/May 2010)

Lower

Find out the observation of BM and station B and the distance between the BM and station B.

8. Explain how you would compute the horizontal and vertical distances from the instrument station in the tangential method of tacheometry. With the help of a schematic diagram, deduce the equations for the horizontal distance and the vertical distance when both the vertical angles measured are angles of elevation. (AUC Apr/May 2011)

9. A theodolite was set up at a distance of 150 m from a tower. The angle of elevation to the top of the tower was 10 08', while the angle of depression to the foot of the tower was 03 12'. The staff reading on the B.M. of R.L. 50.217 with the telescope horizontal was 0.880. Find the height of the tower and the reduced level of the top and foot of the tower. (AUC Apr/May 2011)

IV Semester Civil CE2254-Surveying II by M.Dinagar A.P / Civil

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10. Explain the use of a Beaman stadia arc. (8) 11. Explain different errors that may arise in stadia. (8)

(AUC May/June 2009) (AUC May/June 2009)

12. Distinguish between vertical and normal holding a staff in tacheometry survey. (6) (AUC May/June 2009) 13. The following readings were taken with an anallatic tacheometer. The value of the constant was 100 and the staff was held vertically. Inst station A A B Height of axis 1.46 1.46 1.40 Staff station B.M B C Vertical angle -5O 30 +3 24 +6O 12
O

Staff reading

Remarks

0.92, 1.76, 2.55 0.96, 1.70, 2.45 0.90, 1.97, 3.04

RL of BM = 209.05 m

Determine the horizontal distances between A, B and C and also the elevations of the three stations. (12) (AUC May/June 2009)

14. You are given a theodolite fitted with stadia hairs, the object glass of telescope being known to have a focal length of 230 mm and to be at a distance of 138 mm from the trunnion axis. You are told that the multiplying constant for the instrument is believed to be 180. The following tacheometric readings are then taken from an instrument station A, the reduced level of which is 15.05 m. Inst at H.I Sight to Vertical angle +30O Stadia readings Remarks

1.380 m

1.225, 1.422, 1.620

Staff held vertical RL of B = 40.940 m Staff held normal to line of sight (AUC May/June 2012)

1.380 m

+45O

1.032, 1.181, 1.330

Find the distance AB, AC and reduced level of C.

15. The vertical angles to vanes fixed at 1 m and 3 m above the foot of staff held vertically at a station A were 03o 10 and 050 24 respectively. Find the horizontal distance and the reduced level of A if the height of the instrument axis is 138.556 m above datum. (AUC May/June 2012)

IV Semester Civil CE2254-Surveying II by M.Dinagar A.P / Civil

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16. A tacheometer was set up at station A and the following readings were obtained on a vertically held staff. Inst station A A Staff station Vertical angle -02O 18 +08 36
O

Stadia hair readings (m) 3.225, 3.550, 3.875

Remarks

B.M. B

RL of B.M = 425.515 m 1.650, 2.515, 3.380 (AUC May/June 2012)

Find the distance between A and B, R.L of B.

17. Calculate the tacheometric constants from the following readings taken with a tacheometer on to a vertical staff. (8) Horizontal distance b/n inst. and staff (m) 66.3 75.3 Staff reading (m) 0.77, 1.10, 1.43 1.68, 2.055, 2.43 (AUC Nov/Dec 2012)

18. A staff held vertically at a distance of 50 m and 100 m from a transit fitted with stadia hairs, the staff intervals with the telescope normal were 0.494 m and 0.994 m respectively. the instrument was then set up near a B.M of R.L 1500 m and the readings on the staff held on the B.M was 1.495 m. The staff readings at the station A with staff held vertically and the line of sight horizontal were 1.00, 1.85, and 2.70. What is the horizontal distance between the B.M and A and R.L of A. (8) (AUC Nov/Dec 2012)

19. During the course of tacheometric traversing from A to D, the following observations were made with a theodolite fitted with an anallatic lens. Line AB BC CD Bearing 33o 35 115o 50 202 32
o

Vertical angle +5o 45 +6o 30 -2 55

o

Staff reading (m) 1.050, 1.950, 2.850 1.300, 2.165, 3.030 1.385, 2.250, 3.115

Assuming the staff was held vertical and the multiplying constant of the instrument as 100, calculate the distance of D from A along the traverse line. Also determine the reduced level of B, C and D if the reduced level of A is 215.5 m and height of the instrument axis at A, B and C are respectively 1.45 m, 1.4 m and 1.55 m. (AUC Nov/Dec 2012)

IV Semester Civil CE2254-Surveying II by M.Dinagar A.P / Civil

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20. A tacheometer was set up at station A and the following readings were obtained on a vertically held staff.

Inst at

Staff station

Vertical angle -2 18 +8 36

Hair reading

Remarks

B.M A B

3.225, 3.550, 3.875 1.650, 2.515, 3.380

R.L. of B.M. is 437.655 m

Calculate the horizontal distance from A to B and the R.L. of B, if the constants of the instrument were 100 and 0.4. 21. Explain how a subtense bar is used with a theodolite to determine the horizontal distance between two points. 22. A theodolite has a tacheometric multiplying constant of 100 and an additive constant of zero. The centre reading on a vertical staff held at point B was 2.292 m when sighted from A. If the vertical angle was +25 and the horizontal distance AB 190.326 m, calculate the other staff readings and show that the two intercept intervals are not equal. Using these values, calculate the level of B if A is 37.950 m angle of depression and the height of the instrument is 1.35 m. 23. Explain the different between tangential and stadia tacheometry. 24. How will you determine the stadia constants? 25. A line was leveled tacheometrically with a tacheometer fitted with an anallatic lens, the value of the constant being 100. The following observations were made, the staff having been held vertically :

Inst. Station

Ht. of axis (m)

Staff at

Vertical angle

Staff readings

Remarks

A B C

1.38 1.38 1.40

B.M. B C

-1 54 +2 36 +3 6

1.02, 1.720, 2.420 R.L= 1.220, 1.825, 2.430 0.785, 1.610, 2.435 638.55 m -

Compute the elevation of A, B and C.

IV Semester Civil CE2254-Surveying II by M.Dinagar A.P / Civil

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UNIT 2 CONTROL SURVEYING PART A 1. What is the main principle involved in triangulation? 2. Briefly write on the Effect of curvature of earth. 3. What is meant by phase of a signal? 4. What do you understand by eccentricity of signal? 5. What is the object of geodetic surveying? 6. What do you mean by a well-conditioned triangle? 7. Give the specification of first order triangulation. (AUC Nov/Dec 2010) (AUC Nov/Dec 2010) (AUC Apr/May 2010) (AUC Apr/May 2010) (AUC Apr/May 2011) (AUC Apr/May 2011) (AUC May/June 2009)

8. Name the different corrections to be applied to the length of a base line. (AUC May/June 2009) 9. Triangulation networks for covering a large area are composed of any one or a combination of basic figures arranged as a series of chains or a connected centralized network. Enumerate any two such arrangements. (AUC May/June 2012)

10. List any four corrections that may be necessary when measuring the length of a baseline. (AUC May/June 2012) 11. What is meant by control surveying? 12. What is satellite station and reduction to center? 13. What do you understand by eccentricity of signal? 14. What is meant by third order or tertiary triangulation? 15. Explain the terms true error and most probable error. 16. Name two groups of people involved in the measuring the base line. 17. Enlist the types of signals used in triangulation. 18. What are the corrections to be applied for terrestrial refraction in geodetic surveying? 19. Give the classification of triangulation system. 20. List the equipments used for measurement of base line. PART B 1. The following observations were made in a trigonometric leveling :
Angle of depression to G at S = 1 45 32 Height of Instrument at S = 1.180 m Height of signal at G = 4.220 m Horizontal distance between G and S = 6945 m Co-efficient of refraction = 0.07 R sin i = 30.88 m. If RL of S is 345.32 m. Calculate RL of G.

(AUC Nov/Dec 2012) (AUC Nov/Dec 2012)

(AUC Nov/Dec 2010) Page 7

IV Semester Civil CE2254-Surveying II by M.Dinagar A.P / Civil

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2. The following reciprocal observations were made at two points M and N.

Angle of depression of N at M = 0 7 35 Angle of depression of M at N = 0 9 05 Height of signal at M = 4.820 m Height of signal at N = 3.950 m Height of instrument at M = 1.150 m Height of instrument at N = 1.280 m Distance between M and N = 36320 m. Calculate: i) The R. L. of N if that of M is 395.460 m Take R sin 1 = 30.880 m.

ii) The average Co-efficient of refraction at the time of observation.

(AUC Nov/Dec 2010)

3. What is meant by a satellite station and reduction to centre? Derive the expression for reducing the angles measured at the satellite station to centre. (8) (AUC Apr/May 2010)

4. The following observations were made on a satellite station S to determine angle BAC. Calculate the angle BAC. (8) Line SA AB AC Length 9.500 m 2950 m 3525 m Line SA SB SC Bearing 0 00' 00" 78 46' 00" 100 15' 00" (AUC Apr/May 2010)

5. How do you determine the intervisibility of triangulation station? (8)

(AUC Apr/May 2010)

6. The elevation of two triangulation stations A and B 150 km apart are 250 m and 1050 m above MSL. The elevation of two peaks C and D on the profile between satellite stations are 300 m and 550 m respectively. The distance AC = 50 km and AD = 85 km. design a suitable signal required at B, so that it is visible from the ground station A. (8) (AUC Apr/May 2010)

7. After measuring the length of a baseline, the correct length of the line is computed by applying various applicable corrections. Discuss the following corrections and provide expressions for i) Correction for temperature. (AUC Apr/May 2011)

ii) Correction for pull. iii) Correction for sag. (8)

8. From an eccentric station S, 12.25 m to the west of the main station B, the following angles were measured. IV Semester Civil CE2254-Surveying II by M.Dinagar A.P / Civil Page 8

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Angle of BSA = 76 25' 32" Angle of CSA = 54 32' 20" The stations S and C are to the oppose sides of the line AB. Calculate the correct angle ABC if the length AB and BC are 5286.5 m and 4932.2 m respectively. (8) (AUC Apr/May 2011)

9. A steel tape 20 m long standardized at 55 F with a pull of 98.1 N was used for measuring a baseline. Find the correction per tape length, if the temperature at the time of measurement was 80 F and the pull exerted was 156.96 N. Weight of 1 cubic metre of steel = 77107 N. weight of tape = 7.85 N and E = 2.05 x 106 N/mm2. Coefficient of linear expansion of tape per degree F = 6.2 x 10-6. (AUC Apr/May 2011) 10. Explain the criterion of strength of a figure with reference to a well conditioned triangle. (8) (AUC May/June 2009) 11. A tape 20 m long of standard length at 290C was used to measure a line, the mean temperature during measurement being 190C. the measured distance was 882.10 m, the following being the slopes: 2o 20 for 100 m; 4o 12 for 150 m; 1o 06 for 50 m; 7o 48 for 200 m; 3o 00 for 300 m; 5o 10 for 82.10 m. find the true length of the line if the coefficient of expansion is 6.5 x 10 -6 per degree F. (8) 12. Write short notes on: i) Opaque signals. (AUC May/June 2009)

ii) Selection of site for base line. iii) Satellite station. iv) Weight of an observation. (AUC May/June 2009)

13. A steel tape of nominal length 30 m was suspended between two supports to measure the length on a slope of 04o 25 is 29.861 m. the mean temperature during measurement was 15oC and pull applied was 120 N. if standard length of the tape was 30.008 m at 27oC and the standard pull of 50 N, calculate the correct horizontal length. Take the weight of the tape as 0.16N/m, its cross sectional area equal to 2.75 mm2 coefficient of linear thermal expansion = 1.2x10-5 per degree Celsius and E = 2.05 x 105 N mm-2. (AUC May/June 2012)

14. Two stations P and Q are 81 km apart. They are situated on either side of a sea. The instrument axis at P is 39 m above MSL. The elevation of Q is 207 m above MSL. Calculate the minimum height of the signal at Q. the coefficient of refraction is 0.08 and the mean radius of earth is 6370km. 15. Briefly explain the following: i) Satellite stations (AUC May/June 2012) Page 9 (AUC May/June 2012)

ii) Phase of a signal. IV Semester Civil CE2254-Surveying II by M.Dinagar A.P / Civil

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16. Explain about the curvature and refraction correction in trigonometrical leveling. (8) (AUC Nov/Dec 2012) 17. From a satellite station S, 5.8 m from main triangulation station A, the following directions were measured. A = 0o 0 0; B = 132o 18 30; C = 232o 24 06; D = 296o 06 11; AB = 3265.5 m; AC = 4020.2 m; AD = 3086.4 m. determine the directions of AB, AC and AD. (8)(AUC Nov/Dec 2012) 18. How are the triangulation system classified and how triangulation survey work carried out? (8) (AUC Nov/Dec 2012) 19. A 30 m steel tape was standardized on the fiat and was found to be exactly 30 m under no pull at 66o F. it was used in catenary to measure a base of 5 bays. The temperature during the measurement was 92o F and the pull exerted during measurement was 100N. The area of cross section of the tape was 8 mm2. The specific weight of steel is 78.6 kN/m2. = 0.63 x 10-5 Fo and E = 2.1 x 105 N/mm2. Find the true length of the tape. (AUC Nov/Dec 2012)

20. The altitude of two proposed stations A and B, 100 km apart, are respectively 420 m and 700 m. The intervening obstruction situated at C, 70 km from A as an elevation of 478 m. Ascertain if A and B are intervisible, and if necessary find how much B should be raised so that the line of sight must be less than 3 m above the surface of the ground. 21. Explain with reference to signals, Non-luminous, luminous and night signals, and phase of signals. 22. A tape 20 m long of standard length at 29C was used to measure a line, the mean temperature during measurement being 19 C. The measured distance was 882.10 meters, the following being the slopes : 2 20 for 100m ; 4 12 for 150 m; 1 6 for 50m; 7 48 for 200 m; 3 00 for 300 m;5 10 for 82.10 m; Find the true length of the line if the coefficient of expansion is 6.5 x 10-6 per degree F. 23. What are the different methods by which the difference in elevation could be determined? Name the corrections to be applied. 24. Write short notes on : i) Selection of site for Base line. ii) Satellite station.

IV Semester Civil CE2254-Surveying II by M.Dinagar A.P / Civil

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UNIT 3 SURVEY ADJUSTMENTS PART A 1. Write a note on Accidental Errors. 2. Give any four random errors occur in linear measurements. 3. Define conditioned quantity. 4. What is meant by weight of an observation? (AUC Nov/Dec 2010) (AUC Nov/Dec 2010) (AUC Apr/May 2010) (AUC Apr/May 2010) (AUC Apr/May 2011) (AUC Nov/Dec 2012) 5. Differentiate most probable error from residual error. 6. Distinguish between true error and residual error. 7. What do you mean by figure adjustment in triangulation? (AUC Apr/May 2011) (AUC May/June 2009) (AUC May/June 2009)

8. Distinguish between the observed value and the most probable value of a quantity. (AUC May/June 2012) 9. What are normal equations? 10. What are the classifications of errors? 11. Define conditioned quantity. 12. Explain the term constellations of the zodiac. 13. List three types of errors occur in measurement. 14. What are the conditions to be satisfied when correcting the measured angles? 15. Differentiate between conditioned quantity and conditional equation. 16. What are the corrections to be applied to the observed altitude of sun? 17. What are the advantages of total station as compared to a theodolite? (AUC May/June 2012) (AUC Nov/Dec 2012)

PART B 1. The following are the observed values of the angle A with the corresponding weights.
(i) 51 20 30 Weight 2

(ii) 51 20 28 Weight 3 (iii) 51 20 29 Weight 2.

Determine: (1) the standard deviation

(2) the standard error of the weighted mean (3) the probable error of single observation of weight 3 (4) the probable error of the weighted mean. (AUC Nov/Dec 2010) 2. Find the most probable values of the following angles closing the horizontal at a station. IV Semester Civil CE2254-Surveying II by M.Dinagar A.P / Civil Page 11

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P = 45 23 37 Weight = 1 Q = 75 37 15 Weight = 2 R = 125 21 21 Weight = 3 S = 113 37 59 Weight = 3.

(AUC Nov/Dec 2010)

3. What do you understand by the terms station adjustment and figure adjustment and also explain the method of adjustment by least squares. (8) 4. The angles of a triangle ABC recorded were as follows: (AUC Apr/May 2010)

Inst station A B C

Angle 77 14' 20" 49 40' 35" 53 04' 53"

Weight 4 3 2

Give the corrected values of the angles. (8)

(AUC Apr/May 2010) (AUC May/June 2009)

5. What is meant by weight of an observation and enumerate laws of weights giving examples.(8) (AUC Apr/May 2010) 6. The following are the observed values of an angle

Angle 18 09' 18" 18 09' 19" 18 09' 20"

Weight 2 3 2

Determine probable error of observation of weight 3 and that of the weighted arithmetic mean. (8) (AUC Apr/May 2010)

7. Find the most probable values of the angles A, B, C from the following observations at a station P. (AUC Apr/May 2011)

IV Semester Civil CE2254-Surveying II by M.Dinagar A.P / Civil

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A = 38 25' 20" B = 32 36' 12" A+B = 71 01' 29" A+B+C = 119 10' 43" B+C = 80 45' 28"

Weight 1 Weight 1 Weight 2 Weight 1 Weight 2

8. i) Form the normal equations for x, y and z in the following equation of equal weight: 3x + 3y + z 4 = 0 x + 2y + 2z 6 = 0 5x + y + 4z 21 = 0 ii) If the weights of the above equation are 2, 3 and 1 respectively form the normal equations for x, y and z. 9. Explain the laws of accidental errors. (8) (AUC Apr/May 2011) (AUC May/June 2009)

10. What is meant by triangulation adjustment? Explain the different conditions and cases with sketches. (8) 11. Give the general rules for the adjustments of a geodetic triangle. (8) 12. Some leveling was carried out with the following results. (AUC May/June 2009) (AUC May/June 2009)

Rise or Fall P to Q Q to R R to S S to P Q to S +4.32m +3.17m +2.59m -10.04m +5.68 m

Weight 1 1 1 1 2

The R.L of P is known to be 131.31 m above datum. Determine the probable levels of other points. (AUC May/June 2012)

13. The following are the mean values observed in the measurement of three angles A, B and C at a station. A A+B B+C A+B+C 76o 42 46.2 134o 36 32.6 185o 35 24.8 262 18 10.4
o

Weight 4 Weight 3 Weight 2 Weight 1

Calculate the most probable value of each angle using normal equation. (AUC May/June 2012) IV Semester Civil CE2254-Surveying II by M.Dinagar A.P / Civil Page 13

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14. Explain the laws of weight. (8) 15. Find the most probable value of the following. (8) A = 28o 24 27.4 B = 32o 14 16.3 C = 51o 18 18.8 A+B = 60o 38 45.6 B+C = 83o 32 28.2. 16. Explain the general principles of least squares. (8) 17. Adjust the following angles closing the horizon at a station. (8) A = 122o 05 58.9 weight 1 B = 86o 45 16.4 weight 1 C = 72o 50 31.2 weight 3 D = 78o 18 16.6 weight 1.

(AUC Nov/Dec 2012)

(AUC Nov/Dec 2012) (AUC Nov/Dec 2012)

(AUC Nov/Dec 2012)

18. Explain an eccentric station (satellite station) may be selected in triangulation survey. 19. From a satellite station S, 5.8 m from the main triangulation station A, the following directions were observed. Inst station A B C Angle 0 00' 00" 132 18 30 296 6 11

The length AB, AC and AD were computed to be 3265.5 m, 4022.2 m and 3086.4 m respectively. Determine the directions of AB, AC and AD. 20. How will you obtain error from direct observations of unequal weights on a single quantity? 21. Explain the different Laws of weights as applicable to the theory of errors. 22. The following angles were measured at a station O so as to close the horizontal angles: Adjust the angles by method of correlates. Inst station AOB BOC COD DOA Angle 83 42 28.75 102 15 43.26 94 38 27.2 79 23 23.77 Weight 3 2 4 2

IV Semester Civil CE2254-Surveying II by M.Dinagar A.P / Civil

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23. Find the most probable value of angles A, B and C of a triangle ABC, from the following observation equations:

Inst station A B C

Angle 68 12 36 53 46 12 58 01 16

UNIT 4 ASTRONOMICAL SURVEYING PART A 1. Define Celestial Horizon. 2. What is meant by solar Apparent Time? 3. What is equation of time? 4. Distinguish between latitude and co-latitude. 5. Distinguish between the Zenith and Nadir. 6. Differentiate Tropic of cancer from Tropic of Capricorn. 7. Explain the term sidereal time. (AUC Nov/Dec 2010) (AUC Nov/Dec 2010) (AUC Apr/May 2010) (AUC Apr/May 2010) (AUC Apr/May 2011) (AUC Apr/May 2011) (AUC May/June 2009)

8. What is the correction for parallax when the altitude of celestial body is observed? (AUC May/June 2009) 9. Define the right ascension (R.A). 10. Enumerate the properties of a spherical triangle. 11. Define celestial sphere and azimuth axis. 12. What is Latitude and Longitude? 13. What are the types of night signals to be used in triangulation survey? 14. Give the relationship for conversion of sidereal time to mean time. 15. Describe nautical almanac. 16. What is the relation between the Right ascension and Hour Angle? 17. Distinguish between sidereal time and standard time. 18. What is meant by declination? 19. What are the kinds of errors possible in survey work? 20. What are the corrections to be applied to the observed altitude of sun? IV Semester Civil CE2254-Surveying II by M.Dinagar A.P / Civil (AUC May/June 2012) (AUC May/June 2012) (AUC Nov/Dec 2012) (AUC Nov/Dec 2012)

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PART B 1. Briefly explain Latitude by Prime Vertical transit and the effect of errors. (8) (AUC Nov/Dec 2010) 2. At a point in latitude 55 46 12 N, the altitude of suns centre was found to be 23 17 32 at 5h 17m,
P.M. (G.M.T.) The horizontal angle at the R.M. and Suns centre was 68 24 30. Find the azimuth of the sun. Data: i) Suns declination of G.A.N. on day of observation = 170 46 52 N ii) Variation of declination per hour = 37 iii) Refraction of altitude 23 20 00 = 0 2 12 iv) Parallax for altitude = 0 0 8 v) Equation of time (App. Mean) = 6 0 (IRSE). (8)
m s

(AUC Nov/Dec 2010)

3. Find the latitude of the place from the following data :

Longitude of the place, 108 30 00 W Altitude of Suns upper limb 42 12 40 L.M.T. of observation: 2 50 P.M.
h m

Date of observation: Dec 15, 1947 Suns declination at 0 hour on Dec. 15, 1947: 23o 12 18.6 Suns declination at 0 hour on Dec. 15, 1947 Equation of time at O on Dec. 15 = + 6m 18.5s, decreasing at 1.2s per hour.
h

Suns semidiameter = 0 15 16.4.

(AUC Nov/Dec 2010)

4. What is the equation of time? Show that it vanishes four times a year. (8) (AUC Apr/May 2010) 5. Determine the hour angle and declination of star from the following data: Altitude of star = 22 30' Azimuth of the star = 145 E Latitude of the observer = 49 N. (8) (AUC Apr/May 2010)

6. What are parallax and refraction and how do they affect the measurements of vertical angles in astronomical work? (8)
h m s

(AUC Apr/May 2010)

h

7. If the GST of GMN is 13 29 28 , what will be the HA of the star of RA 22 19m 20s at a place in longitude 120 32' W at 2.10 AM, GMT the same day. (8) (AUC Apr/May 2010) 8. Describe the Napiers rules of circular parts in obtaining the solution of right angle spherical triangle. (8) (AUC Apr/May 2011)

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9. Find the shortest distance between two places A and B, given that the latitudes of A and B are 15 00' N and 12 06' N and their longitudes are 50 12' E and 54 00' E respectively. Find also the directions of B on the great circle route. Radius of the earth = 6370 km. (8) (AUC Apr/May 2011) 10. Write a detailed note: i) Sidereal time (AUC Apr/May 2011)

ii) Solar apparent time. (8)

11. The following observations of the sun were taken for azimuth of a line in connection with a survey. Mean time = 16h 30m Mean hour angle between sun and referring object = 18 20' 30" Mean corrected altitude = 33 35' 10" Declination of the Nautical Almanac = + 22 05' 36" Latitude of the place = 52 30' 20" Determine the azimuth of the line. (8) (AUC Apr/May 2011)

12. Explain the three systems of coordinates by which the position of a heavenly body can be specifies. 13. Write the procedure for determination of true meridian. (8)
o

(AUC May/June 2009) (AUC May/June 2009)

14. A star was observed at western elongation at a place in latitudes 52 20 N and latitude 52o 20 E when its clockwise horizontal angle from a survey line was 105o 49 55. Find the azimuth of the survey line and the local mean time of elongation given that the stars declination was 73o 27 30 N and its right ascension 14h 50m 54s the GST of GMN being 5h 16m 54s. (8) (AUC May/June 2009) 15. i) With the help of a sketch, explain the construction of an astronomical triangle. Obtain the relations existing amongst the spherical coordinates. (8) ii) Find the GMT corresponding to the LMT 9h 40m 12s A.M. at a place in longitude 42o 36 W. (4) iii) Derive an expression for correction for refraction to be applied to the observed or apparent altitudes of the celestial bodies. (4) (AUC May/June 2012)

16. the mean observed altitude of the sun, corrected for refraction, parallax and level was 36o 14 16.8 at a place in latitude 36o 40 30 N and longitude 56o 24 12 E. the mean watch time of observation was 15h 49m 12.6, the watch being known to be about 3m fast on LMT. Find the watch error given the following: Declination of sun at the instant of observation = +17o 26 42.1 GMT of GAIN = 11h 56m 22.8s. IV Semester Civil CE2254-Surveying II by M.Dinagar A.P / Civil (AUC May/June 2012) Page 17

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17. Find the azimuth of the line QR from the following ex-meridian observations for azimuth. SI. NO. Object Face O 1 2 3 4 Q Sun Sun R L L R R 5.4 5.2 Vertical Circle C 30 12 20 25o 00 00 o o

Altitude Level E 4.6 4.8 -

Horizontal Circle A 1 2 3 4 30 12 20 112 20 30 293o 40 40 211o 50 30

o o o o

B 210 12 10 292 20 20 113o 40 30 31o 50 20

D 24 30 40 25o 01 00 -

Latitude of station Q = 36o 48 30 N Longitude of station Q = 4h 12m 32s E Declination of sun at GMN = 01o 32 16.8 N decreasing at 56.2 per hour Mean of LMT of two observations = 4h 15m 30s P.M. by watch Watch running 4s slow at noon, gaining 0.8s per day Value of level division = 15o Correction for horizontal parallax = 8.76 Correction for refraction = 57 cot (apparent altitude). 18. Explain about Mean solar time and Standard time system. (8) Altitude of the star = 21o 30 Azimuth of the star = 140o E Latitude of the observer = 48o N. (AUC Nov/Dec 2012) (AUC May/June 2012) (AUC Nov/Dec 2012)

19. Determine the hour angle and declination of a star from the following data.

20. Explain about astronomical correction and instrumental correction to be observed altitude and azimuth. (AUC Nov/Dec 2012) 21. Calculate the suns azimuth and hour angle at sunset at a place in latitude 42 30 N, when is declinations is (i) 22 12 N and (ii) 22 12 S. 22. Enumerate and explain the relationships between the coordinates of celestial sphere. IV Semester Civil CE2254-Surveying II by M.Dinagar A.P / Civil

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23. Explain the method of prediction of tide at a place using non-harmonic constants. 24. Calculate the azimuth of the sun and hour angle at sunset at a place in latitude 55 N, when its declination is : i) 20 N

ii) 30 N iii) 15 S and iv) 20 S. 25. A zenith pair observation of a star crossing the meridian was made to determine the latitude of a place. Refraction correction = - R cot .

Star X1 X2

Declination 15 15 17 N 70 43 13 N

Altitude 62 15 20 S 62 17 30 N

UNIT 5 HYDROGRAPHIC AND ADVANCE SURVEYING PART A 1. What do you understand by hydrographic surveying? 2. What is meant by soundings? 3. What do you understand by parallax? (AUC Nov/Dec 2010) (AUC Nov/Dec 2010) (AUC Apr/May 2010) (AUC Nov/Dec 2012) 4. Distinguish between crab and drift. 5. What do you mean by sounding? (AUC Apr/May 2010) (AUC Apr/May 2011)

6. Distinguish between terrestrial photogrammetry and aerial photogrammetry. (AUC Apr/May 2011) 7. What is meant by scale of a photograph? 8. Write the concept of map marking in cartography? 9. What is a fathometer? 10. Differentiate between tilted photograph and oblique photograph. 11. What are the equipments used for sounding? 12. Distinguish between crab and drift. 13. What is meant by three point problem in hydrographic surveying? 14. Explain the term Cartography. IV Semester Civil CE2254-Surveying II by M.Dinagar A.P / Civil Page 19 (AUC May/June 2009) (AUC May/June 2009) (AUC May/June 2012) (AUC May/June 2012) (AUC Nov/Dec 2012)

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15. What are lunar and solar ides? 16. List two characters of contour lines. 17. State the principle of EDM. 18. Define tilt displacement. 19. Name the different equipments needed for soundings. 20. What are the applications of photogrammetry?

PART B 1. Explain Direction and velocity of current by floats using three methods. (8) (AUC Nov/Dec 2010) 2. Explain the location of floats with two theodolite method. (8) 3. Explain Tilt distortion with neat sketch in photographic method. 4. Write in detail about the methods of locating soundings. (AUC Nov/Dec 2010) (AUC Nov/Dec 2010) (AUC Apr/May 2010)

5. Derive the parallax equation for determining the height from a pair of vertical photographs.(8) (AUC Apr/May 2010) 6. Two ground points A and B appear on a pair of overlapping photographs which have been taken from a height of 3600 m above the mean sea level. The base line as measured on the two photographs is 89.5 mm and 90.5 mm respectively. The mean parallax bar readings for A and B are 79.32 mm and 30.82 mm. if the elevation of A above the mean sea level is 230.35 m, compute the elevation of B. (8) 7. Describe the following methods of locating soundings: i) By range and one angle on the shore. (AUC Apr/May 2010)

ii) By one angle from shore and one angle from the boat. iii) By intersecting ranges. iv) By time intervals of the survey vessel. 8. Explain the following: i) Scale of a vertical photograph. (AUC Apr/May 2011) ii) Relief displacement on a vertical photograph. (8) (AUC Apr/May 2011)

9. A section line AB appears to be 10.16 cm on a photograph for which the focal length is 16 cm. The corresponding line measures 2.54 cm on a map which is to a scale 1/50,000. The terrain has an average elevation of 200 m above mean sea level, Calculate the flying altitude of the aircraft, above mean sea level, when the photograph was taken. (8) (AUC Apr/May 2011)

10. List the different methods of locating soundings. Explain any two methods. (AUC May/June 2009) IV Semester Civil CE2254-Surveying II by M.Dinagar A.P / Civil Page 20

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11. What is a three point problem in hydrographic surveying? What are the various solutions for the problem? Explain in detail. (8) 12. Explain briefly the different methods of prediction of tides. (8) (AUC May/June 2009) (AUC May/June 2009)

13. i) With the help of suitable sketches, explain the following methods of locating soundings. a) Location by range and one angle from the shore. b) Location by two angles from the shore. (8) ii) A camera having focal length of 20cm is used to take a vertical photograph of a terrain having an average elevation of 1500m. What is the height above sea level at which an aircraft must fly in order to get the scale of 1:8000? (4) iii) The scale of an aerial photograph is 1 cm = 100 m. the photograph size is 20 cm x 20 cm. determine the number of photographs required to cover an area of 100 sq.km, if the longitudinal overlap is 60% and the side lap is 30%. (4) (AUC May/June 2012) 14. Explain the principle underlying Electronic Distance Measurement. Write a note on errors in EDM. (AUC May/June 2012) 15. Given the three shore signals A, B and C and the angles and subtended by AP, BP and CP at the boat P, it is required to plot the position of P (refer figure below). How will you obtain the position of P using a station pointer? (AUC May/June 2012)

16. write short notes on i) Electro-magnetic distance measurement ii) Aerial photograph iii) Stereoscopy. 17. How to measure angles with the sextant? (8) (AUC Nov/Dec 2012) (AUC Nov/Dec 2012)

18. The following observations were made on three shore stations A, B and C from a sounding boat at P. stations B and P are on the same side of AC. if angle APB = 30o 23, angle BPC = 40o 36 and angle ABC = 125o 12. The distance AB = 4220m, BC = 5050m. Determine AP, BP and CP. (AUC Nov/Dec 2012) 19. Explain the procedure to use fathometer in ocean sounding.

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20. Explain the method of plotting of plain metric maps by radial method. 21. Explain cadastral surveying and its legal values. 22. Explain three point problem and strength fix in hydrographic surveying. 23. A pair of photographs was taken with an aerial camera from an altitude of 500 m above msl. The mean principle base measured is equal to 90 mm? The difference in parallax between two points is 1.48 mm. Find the difference in height between two points if the elevation of the lower point is 500 m above the datum. What will be the difference in elevation if the parallax difference is 15.5 mm?

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