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=
+ + =
K
k
i k k i k k i
t B t A S
1
0
sin cos e e q
Analisis Prediction of Tidal River and Sea of The East Kalimantan with The Least Square Methode
29
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
=
=
=
=
i k
M
i
i
i i
M
i
i
i k
M
i
i
i i
M
i
i
M
i
i
t
t
t
t
e q
e q
e q
e q
q
sin
...
sin
cos
...
cos
1
1
1
1
1
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
k
i
k
i
B
B
A
A
S
...
...
0
where
k = number of constituents (so far max = 37)
e = angular frequency
| = phase
whereas for each constituent of the phase (| k) can be
searched by:
k
k
k
k k
k k
k
k
a
a
A
B
|
|
|
|
|
tan
cos
sin
cos
sin
=
=
So
(
=
k
k
k
A
B
1
tan |
If the tidal observations expressed by q i then
the error between the observations and calculations of
his mathematical models are:
(
+ + =
=
K
k
i k k i k k i i
t B t A S
1
0
sin cos e e q c
When the number of field measurement data given by M,
the squared error is: When the number of field
measurement data given by M, the squared error is:
= = =
|
|
.
|
\
|
(
+ + = =
M
i
K
k
i k k i k k i
M
i
i
t B t A S J
1
2
1
0
1
sin cos e e q c
In principle, the least square method will give the best
curve (curve fitting) with a minimum value of squared
errors. To get the best curve model parameters, then A
must didiferensialkan the constituent variables (ie S0,
Aj, and Bj, j = 1,2 .. K) and the result equated to zero.
So for 1 tidal constituents (for K = 1) is obtained three
simultaneous linear equations with 3 unknown numbers
that can be written in matrix form as follows:
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
=
=
=
= = =
= = =
= = =
M
i
i i
M
i
i i
M
i
i
M
i
i i
M
i
i i
M
i
i
M
i
i i
M
i
i i
M
i
i
M
i
i
M
i
i
M
i
t
t
B
A
S
t t t t t
t t t t t
t t
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
sin
cos
sin sin sin cos sin
cos sin cos cos cos
sin cos 1
e q
e q
q
e e e e e
e e e e e
e e
analogy to K constituents of the tides will
produce 2K +1 linear equations with 2K +1, so the
matrix will be obtained as follows:
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
= = = = =
= = = = =
= = = = =
= = = = =
= = = = =
M
i
i k i k
M
i
i k i i
M
i
i k i k
M
i
i k i i
M
i
i k
M
i
i i i k
M
i
i i i i
M
i
i i i k
M
i
i i i i
M
i
i i
M
i
i k i k
M
i
i k i i
M
i
i k i k
M
i
i k i i
M
i
i k
M
i
i i i k
M
i
i i i i
M
i
i i i k
M
i
i i i i
M
i
i i
M
i
i i
M
i
i i
M
i
i k
M
i
i i
M
i
t t t t t t t t t
t t t t t t t t t
t t t t t t t t t
t t t t t t t t t
t t t t
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
sin sin ... sin sin sin cos ... sin cos sin
... ... ... ... ... ... ...
sin sin ... sin sin sin cos ... sin cos sin
cos sin ... cos sin cos cos ... cos cos cos
... ... ... ... ... ... ...
cos cos ... cos sin cos cos ... cos cos cos
sin ... sin cos ... cos 1
.
e e e e e e e e e
e e e e e e e e e
e e e e e e e e e
e e e e e e e e e
e e e e
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
k
i
k
i
B
B
A
A
S
...
...
0
=
APPLICATION OF MODEL
The present numerical model has been long applied
to the calculation of waves, In this research, forecasting
the ups and downs for 19 years by using data of 15 days
tide has done. Location or region which is the object of
this study was Balikpapan, Bontang, Samarinda Tarakan,
and the Gulf of Sangkulirang. To prove that the
forecasting is done is valid then tested the validity is
verified by the data for 15 days tide has done by looking
at chart patterns between the data and the data the
original tidal tides predicted results.
Case 1. Application author Program
Figure 1 Verivication Model with Data
From the results of a calculation HHWL and LLWL data
obtained in each region.
1. Balikpapan has HHWL value is 3.00 m and -0.16 m
LLWL. Bontang HHWL value is 2.82 m and -0.24
m LLWL
Tamrin, ST.MT,
30
2. Samarinda has HHWL value is 2.35 m and 0.39 m
LLWL.
3. Tarakan has HHWL value is 3.68 m and -0.07 m
LLWL
4. Sangkulirang has HHWL is 2.46 m and 0.23 m
LLWL.
From the table above shows that although it is located in
the province of East Kalimantan and are in the same
waters, but the type of tide between Balikpapan, Bontang,
Samarinda Tarakan, and the Gulf of Sangkulirang has a
difference. This is due to sea respond differently to tidal
generating force, resulting in the type of tidal different
on each region. Different types of tidal allegedly caused
the distortion.
As a comparison to analyze the causes type of tidal
forecasting done to some other areas in Indonesia.
Forecasting results can be seen in Table
No Wilayah
Tipe Pasang
Surut
LLWL HHWL
1. Cirebon
Campuran
condong ke
semidiurnal
0,13 1,11
2. Donggala
Campuran
condong ke
semidiurnal
0,10 2,44
3. Gorontalo
Campuran
condong ke
semidiurnal
0,11 1,53
4. Mamuju
Campuran
condong ke
semidiurnal
0 2,12
5. Poso
Campuran
condong ke
semidiurnal
-0,02 1,75
6. Surabaya
Campuran
condong ke
semidiurnal
0,08 2,98
7. Suralaya
Campuran
condong ke
semidiurnal
0,18 0,98
8. Tarjun
Campuran
condong ke
semidiurnal
0,04 2,80
9. Semarang
Campuran
condong ke
diurnal
0,13 1,20
1 0. Sungai Barito
Campuran
condong ke
diurnal
0,10 3,00
11. Teluk Sampit
Campuran
condong ke
diurnal
0,11 3,33
12. Makassar Diurnal 0,03 1,63
13. Tanjungpriok Diurnal 0 1,25
CONCLUTION
1. Having regard to the comparison of tidal prediction
and the observational data prediction by Lasquer
method to believe in the level of accuracy
2. Although located in the same province and are in
the same waters each region has different types of
tides. Balikpapan has semidiurnal tides type.
Bontang has tidal semidiurnal mixture type.
Samarinda has tidal semidiurnal mixture type.
Tarakan has semidiurnal tides type. Gulf of
Sangkulirang have type mix tide leaning
semidiurnal.
3. From the table above shows that although it is
located in the province of East Kalimantan and are
in the same waters, but the type of tide between
Balikpapan, Bontang, Samarinda Tarakan, and the
Gulf of Sangkulirang has a difference. This is due
to sea respond differently to tidal generating force,
resulting in the type of tidal different on each
region. Different types of tidal allegedly caused the
distortion
4. Location data retrieval done for river in fact is not
exactly same to those in the sea, it is estimated that
the influence of different types of distortion that
causes the tides.
REFERENCE
Triatmojo, B. (2007), Pelabuhan, edisi 7, Beta Offset,
Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Taufiq Iskandar : Prediksi Pasang Surut Laut Di Selat
Malaka Dengan Menggunakan Model Hamsom,
2009
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. (2006), Coastal
Engineering Manual, U.S. Government printing
Office, Washington, USA.