CHEM 131

F. Paesani Homework No. 4 on Chapter 4 Due in class Friday, February 3 Winter 2012

Note: As I mentioned in the previous assignments, the true and false" Levine problems are very instructive. While the solution manual has the quick answers, I urge you strongly to think hard about all of these because they really test your conceptual understanding. Make sure you understand why you are answering T or F. To be considered properly answered (e.g., for grading purposes on homework or exams), you must provide some (short) reasoning for your answer. Another note: When problems deal with gases and you are not told otherwise, you can assume that the gases are ideal. If some data are not reported in the text, that implies that they can be found in the tables on the back of the book or can easily found in internet. 1. Levine 4.1 2. Levine 4.19 3. Levine 4.22 4. Levine 4.23 5. Levine 4.27 6. A sample of ideal gas that initially occupies 15.0 L at 250 K and 1.00 atm is compressed isothermally. To what volume must the gas be compressed to reduce its entropy by 5.0 J K-1? 7. Calculate G of 25 g of ethanol (mass density 0.789 g cm-3) when the pressure is increased isothermally from 1 atm to 3000 atm. 8. Calculate the change in the entropy of the system and also the change in the entropy of the surroundings, and the resulting total change in entropy, when a sample of nitrogen gas of mass 14 g at 298 K and 1.00 bar doubles its volume in (a) an isothermal reversible expansion, (b) an isothermal irreversible expansion against Pext = 0, and (c) an adiabatic reversible expansion. 9. Calculate (a) the maximum non-expansion work, and (b) the maximum work that can be obtained from the freezing of supercooled water at -5 oC and 1.0 atm. The densities of water and ice are 0.999 g cm-3 and 0.917 g cm-3, respectively, at -5 oC.

10. Remember the following problem in Homework No. 2: Consider a perfect gas contained in a cylinder and separated by a frictionless adiabatic piston into two sections, A and B; section B is in contact with a water bath that maintains it at constant temperature. Initially TA = TB = 300 K, VA = VB = 2.00 L, and nA = nB = 3.00 mol. Heat is supplied to Section A and the piston moves to the right reversibly until the final volume of Section B is 1.00 L. There you calculated a bunch of quantities all related to the First Law. Now I want you to do additional calculations for the same situation, now associated with the Second Law. Calculate (a) SA and SB, (b) AB, (c) GB, (d) S of the total system and its surroundings. Note that AA and GA cannot be determined from the information given and your current arsenal of tools. Assume CV;m = 20 J K-1 mol-1.