NAME NIM

: Imam AY : 30.01.12.0017 Article Of Tuberculosis

TB disease can affect anyone (old, young, male, female, poor, or rich) and anywhere. Each year, Indonesia increased by a quarter of a million new TB cases and approximately 140,000 deaths occur each year are caused by TB. In fact, Indonesia is the third largest country with the problem of TB in the world. TB prevalence surveys conducted in six provinces in the years 1983-1993 showed that the prevalence of TB in Indonesia ranges between 0.2 - 0.65%. Meanwhile, according to the Global Tuberculosis Control report released by WHO in 2004, the TB incidence rate in 2002 reached 555,000 cases (256 cases/100.000 population), and 46% of them thought to be new cases. Infectious TB TB disease is an infectious disease caused by bacteria Mikobakterium tuberculosis. These bacteria are rod-shaped and acid resistant so it is also known as Rod Hold acid (BTA). This bacterium was first discovered by Robert Koch on March 24, 1882, so as to commemorate his services bacteria called bacillus Koch. In fact, TB disease of the lungs is sometimes referred to as Koch Pulmonum (KP). Transmission of TB disease TB disease is usually transmitted through the air contaminated with the bacteria that are released Mikobakterium tuberculosis during TB patient coughs, and in children the source of infection is generally derived from adult TB patients. These bacteria often enter and when accumulated in the lungs will breed a lot (especially in people with a low immune system), and can spread through the blood vessels or lymph nodes. That is why TB infection can infect almost all organs such as the lungs, brain, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, bone, lymph nodes, etc., nevertheless organs most commonly affected are the lungs. When Mikobakterium tuberculosis successfully infect the lungs, it soon will grow colonies of bacteria that form globular (round). Usually through a series of immunological reactions TB bacteria will attempt blocked by forming a wall around the bacteria by lung cells. The mechanism of the formation of the walls that makes the surrounding tissue into scar tissue and will become dormant TB bacteria (break). Dormant forms is actually seen as tubercles on the x-ray examination. In some people with good immune system, this form will remain dormant throughout his life. Meanwhile, people with compromised immune systems are lacking, these bacteria will have breeding tubercles grow so much. A lot of these tubercles form a space in the lungs. Space is what will be the source of production of sputum (phlegm). Someone who has been producing sputum can be estimated is experiencing excessive growth of tubercles positive and infected with TB.

Symptoms of TB disease Symptoms of TB disease can be divided into general symptoms and specific symptoms that arise according to the organ involved. Clinical picture is not very typical, especially in new cases, so it is quite difficult to diagnose clinically. Symptoms of Systemic / General Not very high fever that lasts a long time, usually felt at night with night sweats. Sometimes an attack of fever and influenza-like intermittent nature. Decreased appetite and weight loss. Cough for more than 3 weeks (may be accompanied by blood). Feeling unwell (malaise), weakness. Specific Symptoms Depending on which organs are affected, in case of partial bronchial obstruction (the tube leading to the lungs) due to suppression of enlarged lymph nodes, make noise "wheezing" sound accompanied by shortness of breath weakened. If there is fluid in the pleural (lung packing), may be accompanied by chest pains. When the bone, there will be symptoms such as bone infection at some point to form a channel and lead to the overlying skin, in the mouth it will discharge pus. In children can affect the brain (brain wrapper layer) and is referred to as meningitis (inflammation of the lining of the brain), the symptoms are high fever, a decrease of consciousness and seizures. In pediatric patients who do not cause symptoms, TB can be detected if known contact with adult TB patients. Approximately 30-50% of children in contact with adult pulmonary TB patients gave positive tuberculin test results. In children aged 3 months - 5 years live at home with adult pulmonary TB patients with smear-positive, 30% reported being infected by serology / blood. Enforcement Diagnosis When someone is infected with TB disease is suspected, then a few things need to be done to establish the diagnosis are : Anamnesa both to patients and their families. Physical examination. Laboratory tests (blood, sputum, cerebrospinal fluid). Examination of anatomic pathology (PA). Chest radiograph (thorax photo). Tuberculin test. Prevention of Tuberculosis We never know when we may be exposed to TB germs. Therefore, we must always apply a healthy lifestyle so that we have the endurance that is strong enough to protect us from the TB germs. Healthy lifestyle can start with keeping your diet, eating nutritious foods, always maintain personal hygiene and the environment, living in a house that has enough sunlight and humid, and the most important thing is to always try to avoid splashing of patients with active TB disease coughs.