Ec9_ex81_Torsion Open

Cross section constants

Page 1 of 5

Example 8.1. Torsion constants for open cross section

13

Annex J.4

12

11
Comment: The following expressions are applicable
to open cross sections. When there are branches,
go back the same way but with thickness = 0.
Example: The co-ordinates for node 7 and 8 are the
same as for 5 and 4 and t = 0 for element 7 and 8.

Nodes, co-ordinates and thickness

10

0
1

2
3
4

5
6
i :=
7
8
9

10
11
12

13

34
10

8
25
25

59
59
y :=
mm z :=
59
25
25

0
0
62

62

0
0

9
9
3

0
13
mm t :=
0
3
34

37
245
252

289

6
6

6
6
6

6
15
mm
0
0
6

6
6
6

10

1
2

9
4 8
3

5, 7
6

300

250

200

150
z

Nodes
Area of cross
section
elements
Cross
section
area

i := 1 .. rows( y) 1

mm
100

2
2

dA := t ( y y ) + ( z z )
i
i
i 1
i
i 1
i

50

rows( y) 1

A :=

dA

A = 3.199 10 mm

i= 1
50

First moment
of area,
gravity centre

rows( y) 1

S y :=

(zi + zi1)

T Hglund

50

50

Sy
A

mm

zgc = 117.14 mm
2

Iy := Iy A zgc

Iy = 3.596 10 mm

(i

i 1

dA

ygc :=

100

dA

y + y

i= 1

zgc :=

z 2 + z 2 + z z i
i i 1 3
( i) ( i1)

rows( y) 1

S z :=

i= 1

rows( y) 1
Second
moment of
Iy :=
area of effective
i= 1
cross section

First moment
of area,
gravity centre

dA

Sz
A

ygc = 19.073 mm
aluMATTER

2007-07-29

Ec9_ex81_Torsion Open
Second
moment
of area

Second
moment
of area

Cross section constants

rows( y) 1

dA

y 2 + y 2 + y y i
i i 1 3
( i) ( i1)

Iz :=

i= 1

Iz := Iz A ygc

Iz = 2.104 10 mm

rows( y) 1

Iyz :=

Page 2 of 5

2 y

i 1 i 1

+ 2 y z + y
i i

i 1)

z + y z

i 1 i

i= 1

dA

S y S z

Iyz := Iyz

A
6

Iyz = 2.026 10 mm
Principal
axis

Sectorial
co-ordinates
mean =

2 Iyz

Iz Iy

:= if ( Iz Iy) = 0 mm , 0 , atan
1

I :=

I :=

( Iz Iy)2 + 4 Iyz2

I = 1.983 10 mm

Iy + Iz
2

0 := y
i

Iy :=

i= 1

dA

i := i1 + 0
i

z y z

i 1 i

( i1 + i)

Sectorial
constant

= 3.414

I = 3.608 10 mm

rows( y) 1

mean of
sectorial
co-ordinates

(Iz Iy) 2 + 4 Iyz2

0 := 0 mm

I :=

180

Iy + Iz +

i i 1

mean :=

I
A

mean = 799.492 mm

rows( y) 1

2 y

i 1

i 1 + 2 y i + y
i

i 1

i + y i 1
i

i= 1

dA

Iy := Iy

S z I
A
8

Iy = 2.921 10 mm
Sectorial
constant

rows( y) 1

Iz :=

dA
i
+ 2 i z + i 1 z + i z

i 1
i
i
i 1 6

2 i1 z

i= 1

Iz := Iz

S y I
A
8

Iz = 9.181 10 mm
Sectorial
constant

rows( y) 1

I :=

i= 1

dA

( ) 2 + ( ) 2 + i
i 1
i i 1
i
3

I := I

A
10

I = 7.377 10
Shear
centre
Warping
constant

ysc :=

Iz Iz Iy Iyz
Iy Iz Iyz

It :=

i= 1

(ti)
dA
i

Iy Iy + Iz Iyz
Iy Iz Iyz

Iw := I + zsc Iy ysc Iz
rows( y) 1

Torsion
constant

zsc :=

zsc = 120.773 mm

(i

Wt :=

It

min ( to)

10

Iw = 2.129 10

mm

It = 5.856 10 mm
Wt = 9.76 10 mm

Sectorial
i := 0 .. rows( y) 1
co-ordinate
s := i mean + zsc y ygc ysc z zgc
mi := min s
with respect
i
i
i
to shear centre
3
2
max := if mi > ma , mi , ma
max = 7.804 10 mm

T Hglund

aluMATTER

ysc = 18.728 mm

to := if t > 0 mm , t , 100 mm

mm

( )

ma := max( s)
Ww :=

Iw

max
2007-07-29

Ec9_ex81_Torsion Open

Cross section constants

3

Page 3 of 5
i := 1 .. rows( y) 1

A = 3.199 10 mm
ygc = 19.073 mm

300

zgc = 117.14 mm
ysc = 18.728 mm

250

zsc = 120.773 mm
7

Iy = 3.596 10 mm
Iz = 2.104 10 mm

200

Iyz = 2.026 10 mm
Torsion
constants

It = 5.856 10 mm
Wt = 9.76 10 mm

Warping
constants

10

Iw = 2.129 10

150

100

mm

Ww = 2.729 10 mm

50

max = 7.804 10 mm

= 3.414 deg
50
7

I = 3.608 10 mm

I = 1.983 10 mm

50

50

100

Comment:
If the load is acting below the shear centre
(the point) there is no torsional moment
acting on the beam.
0

Sectorial
co-ordinate
with respect
to shear centre

0 -4.906

300

1 -4.743

s
2

mm 1000

-0.46

0.065

3.938

2.927

3.938

0.065

1.42

200

100

9 -0.618
10 3.278
0

11 -4.293
12 -1.307

100

100

50

50

100

150

sectorial co-ordinate
cross section
T Hglund

aluMATTER

2007-07-29

Ec9_ex81_Torsion Open

Cross section constants

Page 4 of 5
kN 1000 N

Biaxial bending

q := 5 kN m

L := 4.8 m

Mz := 0 kN m

My 14.4
=
kN m
Mz 0

M
My
:= R
M
Mz

M 14.374
=
kN m
M 0.857

Moment

My := q

cos( ) sin( )
( )

sin cos( )

Principal axis
bending

R :=

Torsion

mt := 0 kN

Bi-moment

B3 :=

MPa 10 Pa

mt = 0 kN
2

mt L

B3 = 0 kN m

8
mt L

St Venants
torsion

Tw :=

Warping
stress

w :=

Rotation of
co-ordinate
system

i := 0 .. rows( y) 1

Bending stresses

:=

Sum of stresses

T Hglund

Tw = 0 kN m

2
B3
Iw

yi
y
:= R i
zi
zi

M y ygc
i
I

:= + + w

:=
i

M z zgc
i
I

mi := min ( )

aluMATTER

ygc
ygc
:= R
zgc
zgc

ma := max( )

2007-07-29

Ec9_ex81_Torsion Open

Cross section constants

Page 5 of 5

max := if ( mi > ma , mi , ma)

Max stresses

max = 74.1 MPa

Principal axis

w
t
,
,
,
,

MPa MPa MPa MPa mm

Table := augment

300

250

MPa

MPa

MPa

MPa

mm

200

-18.3

51.9

33.6

-8.8

51.3

42.5

-7.8

55.1

47.4

5.4

54.3

59.6

5.1

49.1

54.2

18.7

49.5

68.2

Table = 6

19

55.1

74.1

15

18.7

49.5

5.1

49.1

4.3

35.7

40.1

10

-5.7

35.1

29.4

11

-10.6

-54.7

-65.3

12

13.9

-59.3

-45.4

13

13

-75.3

-62.3

10

150

100

50

0
0

50

50

50

100

Cross section
Axial stress

T Hglund

aluMATTER

2007-07-29