Standard of Ministry of Electrical Power P.R.

China

The Specification of Erection and Acceptance for Power Plant Construction

Welding Section

Issue by Ministry of Electrical Power P.R. China

CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 General Welding personnel Base metal & welding materials Preparation before welding Welding technology Post-weld heat treatment Quality inspection Quality criterion Technical documentation

Chapter 1

General

1.0.1 This specification is applicable to the welding work of boiler, pressure piping, vessels and steel structures in the design , fabrication, erection and maintenance of thermal power generating plant (with unit capacity 600MW) of electrical power industry . 1.0.2 This specification is applicable to the welding technologies of manual arc welding, tungsten argon arc welding, flame gas welding and automatic submerged arc welding on carbon steel (with carbon content 0.35%), common low-alloy steel and heat resisting steel. For other materials and welding technologies, technical requirements shall be drawn up according to this specification and relevant technical standards. 1.0.3 The erection & acceptance of foreign electrical power units shall be carried out according to this specification except that be specified in the construction contract. 1.0.4 Quality inspection of welding seam shall be carried out separately based on the working condition and quality requirements of components. 1.0.5 For inspection upon materials and welding joints of equipment , ball test, welding technology test , welding seam quality inspection and technical examination of welding operators shall be carried out according to corresponding regulations. 1.0.6 In carrying out welding work , relevant safety, fire prevention , environment protection and other regulations shall be strictly observed.

Chapter 2
2.0.1 2.0.2

Welding Personnel

Welding personnel include welding technicians, welding quality supervisors , welding inspectors, welding operators and heat- treatment workers. Any enterprise should appoint the chief of welding speciality and the full-time welding quality inspectors.

2.0.2.1 The chief of welding speciality shall have a great deal of welding knowledge and experience , take the charge of all welding technology and quality management and the qualification examination of welding personnel. 2.0.2.2 The enterprise and its chief section should organize the technical training to all welding personnel to raise their technical , theoretical and management level. 2.0.3 Basic requirements upon welding personnel and their work content (1) The technicians, who takes the technical management of welding work for the first time , shall have been trained in a systematically way and have gained , at least , one-year vocational experience, and shall passed examination and obtained the qualification certificate. 2.0.3.1 Welding technicians

(2) Keeping informed on general status of project; observing this specification strictly; working out organization design of welding construction and drawing up technical measures with reality conditions and training program for welding operators, and participating the work of examination committee of welding operators; (3) Based upon technical measures, explaining technical intention to relevant personnel and guiding technique and supervising ; (4) Organizing the assessment of welding technology and preparing operational guideline for welding work; (5) Participating the quality acceptance of important pipes and parts; (6) Recording, checking and sorting out welding technical data and participating the preparation of technical summary and handing over technical documents on completion. 2.0.3.2 Supervisors of welding quality (1) Supervisors of welding quality shall have gained the educational background of middle school or higher and required skills and experience, moreover, they shall pass the special examination and obtain the qualification certificate ; (2) Be in charge of determining the items to be check , signing and issuing inspection files, supervision of welding quality , accepting and assessing welding projects; (3) Participating the audit of technical measures , supervising the implementation of technical measures at the work site , stopping any violation of regulations in welding operation in time and reporting to relevant department; (4) Accumulating and summarizing of quality controlment data & documents , cooperating with relevant personnel in handing over the data & documents on completion; (5) Determining the welding seams to be examined, recording the results strictly and urging relevant department to do the work of quality inspection better; (6) Checking the qualification certificates of welding operators , overseeing their skill status. For those whose welding results frequently fail to meet the requirements, supervisors have the authority to cease their welding work and suggest the welder examination committee to suspend their qualification certificates. 2.0.3.3 Welding inspectors (1) The welding inspectors shall have undergone specialized technical training and succeeded in passing the examination and obtaining qualification certificates before being assigned for corresponding welding inspection work. (2) Welding inspectors shall perform inspecting , checking and assessing the quality of welding seams in conformity with this specification and relevant standards; (3) Welding inspectors shall inspect timely upon the localities determined by the welding quality supervisor and raise up accurate and correct conclusion; (4) Welding inspectors shall fill , marshal and reserve all the data and documents of

inspection. (5) Welding inspectors shall refuse doing the NDT if the joint visual examination is not passed. 2.0.3.4 Welding operators (1) Welding operators shall have been trained with welding knowledge and practical operating vocational skills and have been examined ; (2) Those welding operators, who are assigned to carry out welding work of the following component, shall be qualified in passing the relevant technical examination; a. Bearing steel structures: boiler steel framework (main columns and main beams), hoisting equipment structures, and rooftrees of main machine hall; b. Boiler heating surface tubes ; c. Pipes and vessels with working pressure above 0.1Mpa ; d. Vessels for storing flammable and explosive medium (fluid or gas) and their transporting pipes; e. Welding up non-bearing components on bearing structure under supervision. f. Welding up the parts which will rotate at high speed (3) Welders shall observe the professional ethics , carrying out welding operation strictly according to the given technology and measures, observing welding operational guidance given in this specification or by his/her employer. (4) Welders shall carefully read the operational guidance before starting welding , and shall refuse any welding operation inconsistent with the guidance . Any major quality problem shall be reported timely to the relevant personnel, on occurring , and shall not be treated without authorization. (5) The examination shall be taken again for the qualified welder having been interrupted welding operation of supervised parts for more than six months. (6) The qualified welder shall not allowed to do the welding works exceed the extent of his qualified items. 2.0.3.5 Heat treatment worker (1) Heat treatment workers shall have undergone specialized technical training and succeeded in passing the qualification examination; (2) Heat treatment worker shall observe the relevant stipulations in this specification and welding technical measures regarding to heat treatment , execute the operations without mistake and make the data record accurately; (3) On the completion of heat treatment, the worker shall proceed to self-inspection and have the heat treatment data and documents sorted well for accumulation.

Chapter 3

Base Metal & Welding Materials

3.0.1

Prior to welding , the grade of the materials to be welded shall be found out in order to select the relevant weld materials and to ascertain the appropriate processes of welding and heat treatment.

3.0.2

The steels to be welded shall conform with the national standards (or ministerial standards , technical standards ) . Imported steels shall correspond to the contract requirements or the standards of the country.

3.0.3

The quality of welding materials such as welding electrodes, welding wires, tungsten rods, argon gas, oxygen, acetylene and flux shall conform with national standards (or relevant standards)

3.0.4

There shall be qualification certificates for steels , welding electrodes and wires from the manufacturers . In case these are lacking or there is any doubt raised upon their quality, tests on random sampling from each batch shall be carried out and only those being tested to be qualified, can be put in use.

3.0.5

The selection of welding electrodes and wires shall be based upon comprehensive considerations for chemical composition, mechanical and anti-cracking properties, carbon-diffusion, preheating, post-weld heat treatment of weld-butting as well as usage condition , etc. .

3.0.5.1 In welding of same type steel, the selection of welding electrodes (wires) shall in general conform with the following requirements: (1) The chemical composition and mechanical properties of welding seam metal shall correspond with those of parent metal; (2) Possessing superior technological properties. 3.0.5.2 In welding of different type steels, the selection of welding electrodes (wires) shall in general conform with the following requirements: (1) For steel , which both sides not austenic stainless steel , welding electrodes (wires) whose composition matches with that of the side containing less alloy , or lies in between the content of both sides , can be employed; (2) For one side being austenic stainless steel , welding electrodes (wires) of stainless steel with higher nickel content can be employed; 3.0.6 3.0.7 Thorium-tungsten rods shall be used for tungsten argon arc welding , and the purity of argon gas shall not be lower than 99.95%. The purity of oxygen used for oxygen-acetylene welding shall be above 98.5%. The purity of acetylene shall be conform with the requirements of GB6819-86 Solution of Calcium Carbide. The calcium carbide used for producing acetylene shall be provided with shipping certificate , the quality of calcium carbide for flame welding can be determined by the way of testing sulphur and phosphorus contents contained in the welding seam (according to the standards for welded metal); The gas employed in butt welding shall

have been in general filtered. The calcium carbide , which has not been checked or whose impurity exceeds standard value , shall not be used for welding.

Chapter 4
4.0.1

Preparations before Welding

The location of welding seams shall be away from the areas of stress concentration and shall be easy for welding operating and heat treatment . In general , it shall conform with the following requirements:

4.0.1.1 For butt welding of boiler heating surface tubes, the center line of the welding seam shall be spaced from the starting point of tube bend or from external wall of drum or header as well as from the sides of suspension or hanger bracket for at least 70mm ; the space between two butt welds shall not be less than 150mm ; 4.0.1.2 For butt welding of pipes, the space between center line of the welding seam and the starting point of pipe bending shall be not less than the external diameter of pipe, and not less than 100mm (except welded , forged or cast pipe piece) and the space to the side of suspension or hanger bracket shall be at least 50mm . In addition , space between butt welding seams shall not be less than both the pipe diameter and 150mm . 4.0.1.3 The tube/pipe joints and receptacles of instrumentation , in general , shall not be placed at /welding seam or in heat-affected-zone. 4.0.1.4 For butt welding of cylindrical shell , the center line of the welding seam shall be spaced from the starting point of bending of sealing head for not less than the sum of wall thickness plus 15mm , and , in addition , shall be not less than 25mm , but not more than 50mm . 4.0.1.5 For cylindrical shells and sealing heads with longitudinal welding seams ,the two adjacent longitudinal seams shall be spaced more than 3 times of wall thickness and not less than 100mm. 4.0.1.6 The holes of welded-on tubes/pipes shall be opened away from the welding seams as much as possible . The welding seams of tubes/pipes holes shall be kept not to coincide heat-affected-zone of the adjacent weld seam . In case this is unavoidable , holes can be opened on the welding seams or at its vicinity only after the following requirements have been met: (1) On both side of the pipe hole, the welding seam within 60mm away from the edge of hole , shall base on the requirement of Table 8.0.3 , be non-destructively tested and proven to be qualified; (2) The edge of the hole shall not be on the defects of welding seams; (3) The pipe joints shall have the stress relieved by post welding heat-treatment. 4.0.1.7 For lap welded joints, the dimension of lapping shall be not less than 5 times of the parent metal thickness , and in any case , not less than 30mm.

4.0.2

The grooves of tubes/pipes, pressure vessels and steel structures shall be made according to the stipulation of design drawings . In case there is no such stipulation , the shape and dimension of grooves shall be selected with respect to the principle that it can assure the welding quality with fewer quantity of filler metal ,ease of operating, improving working condition , reducing welding stress and deformation , adapting to the requirement of non-destructive testing , etc.

Shapes and dimensions of welding joints generally used are shown in Table 4.0.2.

Serial number

Patterns of joints

Patterns of bevel

Diagram

Table 4.0.2 Basic patterns and sizes of weld joints Weldment Structure size of joints Welding thickness b P methods (mm) (mm) (mm) Gas welding Electric welding Buried arc welding Gas welding Electric arc welding Buried arc welding

R (mm)

Scope

<3 3 8~16

1~2 1~2 0~1

Vessels and common steel structure

6 16 >16~20 30~35

2 Butt joint

1~3 1~3 0~1

0.5~2 1~2 7

All types of pressure pipes, pressure vessels and medium and thin pressure structure

Electric arc welding

60

10~15

2~3

Steam water tubing with medium and thick walls

To be continued Serial number Patterns of joints Patterns of bevel Diagram Welding methods Weldment thickness (mm) Structure size of joints b (mm) P (mm) R (mm) Scope

Double V

Horizontal pipe

Electric arc welding

>16~60

30 ~40

8~12

2~5

1~2

Steam water tubing with medium and thick walls

Butt joint 1= 35 5 Double V Vertical pipe Electric arc welding >16~60 ~40 2= 20 ~25

1= 15 ~20 2= 5~10 1~4 1~2 5

Steam water tubing with medium and thick walls

10

To be continued Serial number Patterns of joints Patterns of bevel Diagram Welding methods Weldment thickness (mm) Structure size of joints b (mm) P (mm) R (mm) Scope

Comprehensive shape

Electric arc welding

>60

20 ~25

2~3

Steam water tubing with thick walls

Butt joint

Xshape

Electric arc welding Buried arc welding

>16 >20

30 ~35

2~3 0~1

2~4 7

Both sides welding large vessels and structure

11

To be continued Serial number Patterns of joints Patterns of bevel Diagram Welding methods Weldment thickness (mm) Structure size of joints b (mm) P (mm) R (mm) Scope

Closure head

Electric arc welding

Pipe diameter not limited

Process requirements of bevel of wall pipe of same thickness

Steam water tubing and collecting box closure head

Butt joint

Casing cap

Electric arc welding

Diameter

Process requirements of bevel of wall pipe of same thickness

Steam water tubing and collecting box casing cap

12

To be continued Serial number Patterns of joints Patterns of bevel Diagram Welding methods Weldment thickness (mm) Structure size of joints b (mm) P (mm) R (mm) Scope

10

Electric arc welding

Diameter of pipe 76

50~60

30~35

2~3

1~2

According to difference of wall thickness

Connection pipe socket of Steam water, meter and samples, etc

Pipe socket Connection pipe socket or joint of common steam water pipe and vessels

11

Electric arc welding

Diameter of pipe 76~ 133 50~60

30~35

2~3

1~2

13

To be continued Serial number Patterns of joints Patterns of bevel Diagram Welding methods Weldment thickness (mm) Structure size of joints b (mm) P (mm) R (mm) Scope

12

No bevel

Electric arc welding Buried arc welding

20 >8

0~2

Complete fusion structure is not required

T shape

Electric arc welding Buried arc welding Single V pattern Electric arc welding Buried arc welding

>20

50 ~60

2 0~2 3

Complete fusion structure is not required

13

20

50 ~60

1~2

1~2

Complete fusion structure is required

To be continued

14

Serial number

Patterns of joints

Patterns of bevel

Diagram

Welding methods

Weldment thickness (mm)

Structure size of joints b (mm) P (mm) R (mm) Scope

14

T shape

K pattern

Electric arc welding Buried arc welding

>20

50 ~60

1~2

1~2

Complete fusion large structure is required

15

Butt joint

Gas arc welding Electric arc welding Buried arc welding

4 4 >8 0~1 Vessels and structure

Notes : 1) Tungsten electrode argon-arc welding is same with electric arc welding in structure and size of weld junction . 2) Pipes with wall thickness less than or equal to 6mm of heated surface can also be rendered and finished by argon-arc welding. 3) Pipes with wall thickness larger than 6mm can be rendered by argon-arc welding and finished by electric arc welding. 4) 1 value of closure head should accord with design; f value should accord with design and should not be less than 20mm. 5) The lapping size L equals to 5 , and is not less than 30mm.

15

4.0.3

In cutting off parent material and grooving ,the following requirements shall in general be complied with:

4.0.3.1 It is preferable that the cutting off the pieces to be welded is done by machining, especially for the kind of alloy steel which tends to become more or less hardened in quenching , and for the pipes/tubes of steam/water with nominal diameter<100mm and those with nominal diameter>100mm at working pressure above 3.9MPa . 4.0.3.2 If cutting pieces through the heat-method , e.g. flame cutting , the part of cutting edge shall be long enough in order to remove the quench hardened and over-heated metal . 4.0.3.3 It is preferable that the grooving be done by machining . If groove cut by flame , the oxide matter slag splashing and other debris thereon shall be thoroughly chiseled off and the unsmoothness be trimmed; 4.0.4 In cutting off workpiece and grooves, the following requirements shall in general be complied with: (1) For alloy steel which tends to become more hardened in quenching ,the part of cutting edge shall undergo surface flaw detection test after flame cutting; (2) On the edge of groove which is cut through shears , there shall be no defects such as cracks , rags , cut away edges , etc. on base metal. (3) The size of the groove conform with the requirements in the drawing samples. (4) There shall be no defects such as cracks in the scope of being cleaned specified in 4.0.5. 4.0.5 Before the piece to be welded being assembled , the surface of weld junction and oil stain , paint , dirt and rust on the internal and external wall shall be thoroughly cleaned to the metallic luster . At the same time , inspection shall be made to ascertain there are no defects as cracks, entrapped layer , etc. . The scope of cleaning is stipulated as follows: (1) For weld junction of manual welding , cleaning to be extended to over 10mm on both sides; (2) For weld junction by automatic submerged arc welding , cleaning to be extend to over 20mm on both sides; (3) For weld junction of fillet welding, cleaning to be extend 10mm beyond the fillet weld size. 4.0.6 The end surface of butting tube/pipe shall be perpendicular to the center line with a deviation allowance ( f ) specified in Table 4.0.6.

Table 4.0.6 Deviation requirements of end surface to center line of tube/pipe

Illustration External diameter of pipe (mm) 60 >60159 >159219 f (mm) 0.5 1 1.5

16

>219

4.0.7

While the piece to be welded being butted , the inner walls shall be , in general , kept flat . In case there is slight offset , its magnitude shall conform with the following requirements: 1) The part offset for single-sided butt welding shall be not more than 10% of the wall thickness , and not more than 1mm; 2) The part offset for double-sided butt welding shall be not more than 10% of the thickness of the piece to be welded , and not more than 3mm.

4.0.8

In butting pieces to be welded of different thickness , the following ways to solve the deviation of thickness can be resorted: 1) Inside wall dimension unequal and external wall suited flat , the groove can be shaped as shown in Fig. 4.0.8(a); 2) External wall dimension unequal and inside wall suited flat , the groove can be shaped as shown in Fig. 4.0.8(b); 3) Both the inside and external wall dimensions unequal , the groove can be shaped as shown in Fig. 4.0.8(c); 4) Inside wall dimensions unequal and difference of thickness 5mm , the groove can be shaped as shown in Fig. 4.0.8(d) , as long as the strength of piece to be welded is not impaired.

Fig. 4.0.8 the solution on butt welding of pipe with different wall thickness aInside wall dimension unequal bExternal wall dimension unequal cBoth the inside and external wall dimensions unequal d2-1 5mm

17

4.0.9 In case the partial gap of weld junction is too large , it shall be imperative to mend it to stipulated size strively. It is strictly forbidden to fill in foreign materials. 4.0.10 Welding electrodes and flux shall be kept in dry , ventilated house and the temperature shall be above 5 & the humidity of air less than 60% . Welding electrodes and flux shall be baked according to the requirements of specification before being used but the times of baking shall not more than twice. Before being use , the welding wires shall be cleaned to such degree removing any rust and oil stain up to metallic luster appears. Those electrodes to be used for important parts shall be kept in special dry box and the temperature at the range of 100~150. Those electrodes kept above one year and to be used for important part ,shall undergo the exam if any doubt ,it shall be used only when the results of exam conform with the requirements. 4.0.11 On assembling the pieces to be welded , care shall be taken to have them leveled up firmly in order to avoid them getting deformed in the course of welding and heat treatment. 4.0.12 Except butting through cold drawing forth as stipulation in design , butting by force shall be prohibited in order to avoid additional stress. 4.0.13 At the welding site , anti-blow , rainproof , snowproof and anti-freeze measures shall be taken. 4.0.14 The course of welding include four stages , i.e., assembly , welding, heat-treatment , and inspection . The course shall be continued only while the last stage conform with the requirements. 4.0.15 Qualified welding operators shall take simulated exercises and pass the fracture surface checking before they are assigned to welding up boiler heating surface tubes .

Chapter 5

Welding Technology

5.0.1 The allowable lowest ambient temperatures during welding are as follows: low carbon steels -10 low alloy steels and common low-alloy steels medium and high alloy steels 0 10

5.0.2 The preheat temperature of various steel before being welded are shown in Table 5.0.2 ; additionally the following stipulations shall be observed : Table 5.0.2 Preheat Temperature

tube/pipe Grade wall thickness (mm) forge and carbon steel with c 0.35% 26 Preheat Temperature(C) 100~200 thickness (mm) 34

plate Preheat Temperature(C) 100~150

18

C-Mn(16Mn) Mn-V(15MnV) 1/2Cr-1/2Mo(12CrMo) 1Cr-1/2Mo(15CrMo,ZG20CrMo) 1 1/2Mn-1/2Mo-V(14MnMoV,18MnMoNbg) 1Cr-1/2Mo-V(12Cr1MoV,ZG20CrMo) 1 1/2Cr-1Mo-V(15Cr1Mo1V,ZG15Cr1Mo1V) 2Cr-1/2Mo-VW(12Cr2MoWV) 1 3/4Cr-1/2Mo-V 2 1/4Cr-1Mo(12Cr2Mo) 3Cr-1Mo-VTi(12Cr2MoVSiTiB) 9Cr-1Mo 12Cr-1Mo-V

15 15 10 6 6 6 6 6 -

150~200 150~200 150~250 200~300 250~350 250~350 250~350 250~350 250~350 300~400 300~400

30 28 15 15 15 -

100~150 100~150 150~200 150~200 150~200 -

Notes: (1) When tungsten electrode argon-arc welding is utilized for rendering, 50can be lowered than the temperature of lower limit. (2) When the external diameter of pipe is larger than 219mm or wall thickness is larger than or equal to 20mm, pre-heating can be performed with electrical heating method. 5.0.2.1 The preheat requirements shall be raised based upon the results of welding technological test ; 5.0.2.2 For alloy steel pipes and their ancillary components e.g. tee-piece , bent pipewith wall thickness 6mm to be welded under an ambient temperature below 0 the preheated temperatures shall be raised up 20~50 above the stipulated values given in Table 5.0.2 ; 5.0.2.3 Low alloy steel pipes with wall thickness <6mm and low carbon steel pipes with wall thickness>15mm to be welded under an ambient temperature below 0,shall also be appropriately preheated ; 5.0.2.4 While welding up different type steels , the preheat temperature shall be selected in accordance with that material with poorer weld ability or higher content of alloy ; 5.0.2.5 In welding up main pipe with stub , the preheated temperature shall conform with the stipulation for main pipe ; 5.0.2.6 In welding up unpressurized components onto the pressure vessel , the preheated temperature shall be selected according to the pressure vessel . 5.0.3 The width of preheat band shall be measured from the center of butting extending , not less than 3 times of weldpiece wall thickness on each side . 5.0.4 In the course of welding, the temperature of interpass shall not be lower than the lower limit of preheat temperature and not higher than 400 . 5.0.5 In order to assure the inner side of pipe cleaned and the root layer quality of seam , the welding method shall conform with the stipulation in Table 5.0.5 for pressure piping welding . Table 5.0.5 Welding Methods of Pressure Pipe

19

Name of parts boiler heating surface pipe with p 10MPa, 6mm pipe/stub with p 10MPa, >6mm pipe with p 4MPa, t 450C reheated steam cool & hot pipes, bypass pipes pipes of cooling , lubricant and fuel , T/G boiler heating surface pipe with p<10MPa, 6mm Other pipes

welding pass of root TIG TIG TIG TIG TIG TIG TIG

other pass TIG/SMAW SMAW SMAW SMAW TIG/SMAW TIG/SMAW SMAW

5.0.6 For medium or high alloy steel pipes (Cr content 3 or total alloy content >5% ) , argon or mixed gas shall be fill in to prevent the root layer from being oxidized or overburnt . 5.0.7 It is strictly forbidden to initiate arc , test the electric current amount or weld temporary supports on the work pieces to be welded. 5.0.8 While tube/pipe being welded , there shall not be air-flow blowing through. 5.0.9 In tack-welding at root position of butt joint , similar requirements regarding welding materials , technology , operator and preheated temperatures as those stipulated for normal welding shall come into effect . In addition , the following requirements shall be met : 5.0.9.1 After tack-welding at root position of butt joint, the quality of each welding point shall be inspected . When defects being discovered , it shall be remove at once and tack-welding shall be done again . 5.0.9.2 Care shall be taken to prevent damaged to base metal while removing temporary tack used for tack-welding of large wall thickness pipes . The residual weld deposit shall be removed off and repaired . 5.0.10 While tungsten argon arc welding being employed for root layer seam , in order to avoid the occurrence of cracks , welding of next layer seam shall be timely carried out once the previous layer has been inspected . In welding up multi-layer and multi-run seams , attention shall be paid to the defects occurring in each layer , and proceeding to the next layer can be continued only after the seam quality being ascertained qualified by operators own inspection. 5.0.11 The pipe of large wall thickness and diameter shall be welded with multi-layer and multi-run welding , when the thickness of the pipe more than 35mm , the following requirement shall be met : 5.0.11.1 The thickness of root layer welded by tungsten argon arc welding shall be not less than 3mm; 5.0.11.2 The thickness of the rest layer of other pass shall not more than the electrode diameter plus 2mm; 5.0.11.3 The oscillation width of single pass shall not more than five times of diameter . For the arrangement of multi-run pass of large wall thickness pipe see the Fig. 5.0.11.

20

Fig. 5.0.11 Pass arrangement for welding up thick-wall pipes 5.0.12 In order to minimize welding deformation and defects , it is preferable that welding by two operators simultaneously at symmetrical positions for butt welding of pipes with diameter larger than 194mm is to be resorted. 5.0.13 The welding of steel structure shall conform with welding procedure specifications . 5.0.14 In the course of welding , special attention shall be paid to the quality of joint and arc extinction , the joint of multi-layer shall be stagger , while extinguishing arc , the fused bath shall be filled up. 5.0.15 Welding shall be carried out continuously to completion except interruptions necessary for technology or inspection . In case of interruptions , measures e.g. , post-heating , slow-cooling , or thermal insulationshall be taken to prevent the occurrence of cracks . Close inspection on whether any crack occurs shall be carried out before welding proceeding . 5.0.16 For butt welding of pipes or vessels with nominal diameter>1000mm,double-side welding at symmetrical positions shall be employed . In order to ensure the quality of sealing end welding , root layer of welding seam shall be cleaned up , and the oxide shall be removed . 5.0.17 For the concealed welding seams which have to be inspected , inspection shall be done to verify their qualification before going on the next process. 5.0.18 On the completion of welding , a clear up shall be done around the seam which is to be inspected by the operators on their own for qualifications . The embossed stamp bearing the operators number or designation can then be applied near the welding seam. 5.0.19 For the steel which is liable to form delayed crack , heat treatment shall be applied soon after welding . Otherwise , post-heat-treatment shall be required with a temperature preferably to be 250-350,followed by a slow cooling process and thermal insulation . The scope of heating is the same as that of heat-treatment. 5.0.20 In case of defects exceeding the allowable range , mending by cutting out and patching can be resorted as remedial measures . However , such mending can not be applied more than three times twice for medium and high alloy steelat the same location , and shall be done in accordance to the stipulations as follows : 5.0.20.1 The defects are to be removed thoroughly; 5.0.20.2 Mending weld shall be carried out according to the technological requirements , and specified procedures of mending .

21

5.0.20.3 For welds requiring immediate heat treatment , heat treatment shall be done once again after mending . 5.0.21 The tools used for fixing cold drawn welding gap of pipes shall be dismounted only after completion of en bloc butt welding and heat treatment. 5.0.22 Do not allow to correct the welding joint by heating.

Chapter 6

Post Welding Heat Treatment

6.0.1 The aim of heat treatment is to reduce the stress at the welding joint and to improve the metallic structure and property of the seam . Consequently it shall be carried out in conformity with the heat treatment specification and relevant stipulations. 6.0.2 Heat treatment shall be carried out for the following welding joints after they being welded: 6.0.2.1 Carbon steel pipes and pipe auxiliary components with wall thickness more than 30mm; 6.0.2.2 Carbon steel vessels with wall thickness more than 32mm; 6.0.2.3 Common low alloy steel vessels with wall thickness more than 28mm; 6.0.2.4 Thermal resisting steel pipes and their auxiliary componentsexcept those in 6.0.3; 6.0.2.5 Weld pieces which required heat treatment as determined by welding technology test and assessment . 6.0.3 The following parts which are welded by argon arc welding or low hydrogen electrodes and treated by preheating and appropriately slow-cooling after welding , shall be exempted from heat treatment . 6.0.3.1 Alloy steel pipes of 15CrMo 12Cr2Mo with wall thickness 10mm and diameter 108mm; 6.0.3.2 Pipes of 12Cr1MoV with wall thickness 8mm and diameter 108mm . 6.0.3.3 Pipes of 12Cr2MoWVB with wall thickness 6mm and diameter 63mm . 6.0.4 Post welding heat treatment generally is high temperature tempering. The heat treatment temperatures and sustaining duration for commonly used steels are shown in Table 6.0.4. Table 6.0.4 Post weld heat treatment temperature C
temperature steel grade (C) C 0.35(20g,ZG25) , C-Mn(16Mn) 1/2Cr-1/2Mo(12CrMo) 1Cr-1/2Mo(15CrMo,ZG20CrMo) 1Cr-1/2Mo-V(12Cr1MoV,ZG20CrMo) 1 1/2Cr-1Mo-V(ZG15Cr1Mo1V) 1 3/4Cr-1/2Mo-V 600~650 650~700 670~700 720~750 720~750 720~750 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1/2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1/2 1 1/2 1 1/2 1 1/2 1 1/2 1 1/2 12.5 >12.5~25 >25~37.5 thickness(mm) >37.5~50 >50~75 >75~100 >100~125

sustaining durationhour 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1/4 2 1/4 2 1/4 3 3 3 2 1/2 2 1/2 2 1/2 4 4 4 2 3/4 2 3/4 2 3/4 5 5 5

22

2 1/4Cr-1Mo(12Cr2Mo) 2Cr-1/2Mo-VW(12Cr2MoWVB) 3Cr-1Mo-VTi(12Cr2MoVSiTiB) 9Cr-1Mo 12Cr-1Mo

720~750 750~780 750~780 750~780 750~780

1/2 3/4 3/4 1/2 1/2

1 1 1/4 1 1/4 1

1 1/2 1 3/4 1 3/4 1 1/2 1 1/2

2 2 2 2 1/4 2

3 3 1/4 3 1/4 3 3

4 4 1/4 4 1/4 4 4

5 5 1/4 5 1/4 5 5

6.0.5 In the course of heat treatment , the ramming of temperature rise and drop are stipulated as follows: 6.0.5.1 The ramp of temperature rise and drop can be in general calculated by 250X25/wall thickness /hour , but not more than 300/hour; 6.0.5.2 In the course of temperature rise and drop , control is not required when the temperature is lower than 300 . 6.0.6 For post-weld heat treatment of weld-joint of different kinds of steel , the steel materials on the two sides and the welding electrodes (wires) to be used shall be taken into synthetically consideration . The heat treatment temperature shall in general not exceed the lower critical point Ac1 of that side of steel with lower content of alloy . 6.0.7 The width of heated band in heat treatment , measured from the center line of seam , shall be , on each side , not less than three times of the tube wall thickness , and , in any case , not less than 60mm . 6.0.8 The width of heat insulated band shall not less 5 times of pipe wall thickness from the center line of weld seam on each side , in order to reduce the temperature grade . 6.0.9 The heating method shall keep the temperature evenly distributed on the interior and exterior walls of the tube and on both sides of the seam , with the temperature diffidence between any two measuring points in heated area lower than 50while temperature sustaining . Resistance-heating or induction heating shall be adopted for welding pipes with wall thickness more than 100mm . 6.0.10 The temperature in heat treatment must be measured accurately and recorded automatically . The instruments , thermocouples , and their accessories shall be calibrated accordingly . 6.0.11 In heat treatment , temperature measuring points shall be located symmetrical about the center line of the seam . The number of the measuring points shall not be less than 2 . The measuring points for horizontal piping shall be located symmetrically in verticality . 6.0.12 After heat treatment , the welding joint shall be stamped on the operators number or other durable marks . The record shall be made on heat treatment .

Chapter 7

Quality Inspection

7.0.1 Serious attention shall be paid to the checking and inspecting of welding quality , implementing

23

a system of welding quality tri-grade checking and inspecting , and a combined way of operator's own and specialized inspecting , making the inspection and assessment work better . Welding quality checking include three stages as pre-welding , interim welding and post welding inspection , it shall be implemented strictly according to the items and procedures . 7.0.2 Method , scope and amount of inspection upon welding joints are shown in Table 7.0.2 , the following requirements shall also be met : Table 7.0.2
type of welding joint tion boiler heating surface tubes with work pressure 9.81MPa boiler body tubes/pipes & fits with external diameter >159mm or wall 100 thickness >20mm and work pressure 9.81MPa steam pipes with external diameter >159mm, work temp 450 steam , water , oil , gas pipes with 100 work pressure >8MPa steam/water tubes/pipes &fits with work temperature: 300<work temp 450 pressure vessel with work pressure is 100 at the range of 0.1~1.6MPa type of welding joint tion boiler heating surface tubes with work pressure 9.81MPa steam tubes/pipes & fits with work temperature: 150< work temp 300 steam , water , oil , gas pipes with work pressure is at range of 4MPa~8MPa 100 25 5 100 100 25 5 100 100 25 25 5 pection extent method of inspection and inspection ratio(%) visual examination radiographic ultrasonic hardness self-inspec special-ins inspection inspection check spectrum analysis 50 50 100 100 100 50 50 100 100 100 50 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 25 25 5 10 pection extent inspection method and ratio(%) visual examination radiographic ultrasonic hardness self-inspec special-ins inspection inspection check spectrum analysis

24

steam , water , oil , gas pipes with work pressure is at the range of 1.6MPa~4MPa steel structure bearing the still load steam , water , oil , gas pipe with work pressure is at the range of 0.1MPa~1.6MPa exhaust gas, wind, coal , coal powder, 100 coal ash pipes & fits nonpressure steel structure and 100 sealing structure common support structure (equipment support, ladder , plate, pull hole ect.) scattering water , drain water, drain dirty and sampling tubes/pipes of 100 boiler water pressure test extent with external diameter <76mm 100 100 10 10 25 4) 100 25 1 100 25 3) 100 25 5 -

7.0.2.1 Welding seams , which do not pass the visual inspection , shall not undergo other items of inspection. 7.0.2.2 NDT shall be done after heat treatment if the welding joint needs to be heat treated . 7.0.2.3 After alloy steel being welded, spectral analysis shall be done according to the following requirements: (1) Boiler heating surface tubes (2) other tubes and pipes completed that day. 7.0.4 In case the NDT results shows some welding joints unqualified , in addition the defects shall be repaired , and double quantity inspection shall be done on the seams welded by the operator on the day . If there are still unqualified welding joints , the seams welded by the operator on that day shall be considered unqualified . 7.0.5 The disqualification cause shall be found out in order to take appropriate measures and to execute the reparation . Inspection shall be redone after repairing . 7.0.6 In case the heat treatment automatic recording curve unnormal , spot-check of hardness shall be taken . Hardness of random sampling parts exceeds the stipulated range , the number for rechecking on that shift shall be doubled and the causes shall be found out . Those joints which prove to be disqualified shall undergo heat treatment once more . 7.0.7 In order to reflect the quality condition , the first qualification ratio of NDT shall be calculated not less than 10% 100%

(3) Spectral analysis shall be done according to the quantity of welding joints that the welder

25

statistically by part and by whole after welding inspection. The calculation formula is shown as follows : First inspection qualification ratio of NDT =

A B 100% A

A is quantity of welding joints of first inspected (not including the equivalent quantity of re-inspection and repeated double quantity inspection). B is quantity of disqualified welding joints (including cutting out and patching ,cutting , redoing)

Chapter 8

Criterion for Quality

8.0.1 By visual inspection , the quality of welding seams shall conform with the following requirement : 8.0.1.1 The edge of welding seam shall transit smoothly to the parent metal , the outline dimension of welding seam shall conform with the requirements of the design , its allowable dimension shown in Table 8.0.1-1 . Table 8.0.1-1 Allowable outline dimension of welding seams mm

welding

seam

types

joint

type

and

position flat position other position 0~2 3 2 2 <4 <2 +(2~3) <2 0~3 4 2 <3 4 2 +(2~4) 2 0~4 5 3 <4 5 3 +(3~5) 3

butt welding joint

reinforcement

butt welding joint

difference

of

flat position other position wider than groove increase each side leg of fillet weld

reinforcement butt welding joint width of welding seam

fillet welding joint

fillet welding

deviation of weld leg dimension leg of a fillet weld 20

1.5

2.5

fillet welding joint

groove fillet welding deviation of weld leg dimension

>20 20

2 <2

2.5 2

3 3

>20

<3

<3

<4

Notes: a. Sharp groove, with depth larger than 1mm, is not allowed to appear on weld surface which should not lower than matrix surface. b. Weld leg of lap angle weld should be same with components in thickness.

26

8.0.1.2 The allowable range of superficial defects of welding seams are shown in Table 8.0.1-2 . Table 8.0.1-2 Allowable range of superficial defects of welding seams
welding seam types defect name crack, lack of fusion quality requirements not allowed depth 10% & 1.5mm total length 10% welding root incomplete penetration not allowed seam length not allowed for the root welding seam with tungsten argon arc welding blowhole, slag inclusion depth 0.5mm total length of both side: not allowed depth 0.5mm total length of both side: depth 0.5mm total length of both side: depth 15% & 2mm total length 15% welding seam length

for pipe, 10% total length for pipe, 20% total length for pipe, 20% total length undercut not required to of welding seam, & 40mm; of welding seam be repaired of welding seam

for plate, 10% total length for plate, 15% total length for plate, 20% total length of welding seam of welding seam of welding seam

required to be repaired

not allowed

for plate and pipe with diameter 108mm: 3 for pipe with diameter <108mm , shall content passing ball convex root 2mm test requirements as following: while pipe diameter 32mm, it is 85% of pipe internal diameter, while pipe diameter <32mm, it is 75% of pipe internal diameter excessive penetration 1.5mm 2mm 2.5mm

8.0.1.3 The allowable limits of welding angular distortion shown in Table 8.0.1-3 . Table 8.0.1-3 Allowable limits of welding angular distortion
welding pieces () plate pieces diameter of pipe <100mm diameter of pipe 100mm 3 deviation (mm) 1/100 3/200

8.0.1.4 The tubes/pipes offset of external wall shall conform with following requirements:

27

(1) Boiler heating surface tubes 10% 1mm (2) Other pipes : 10% and 4mm.

8.0.2 The inspection criterion of NDT on welding seam shall conform with the following standards : 8.0.2.1 Pressure piping : (1) SD143-85 The Specification of Erection and Acceptance for Power Plant Construction Radiographic Inspection on Butt-welding Seams of Pressure Piping . (2) SD67-83 The Specification of Erection and Acceptance for Power Plant ConstructionUltrasonic Inspection on Welding Seams of Piping. 8.0.2.2 The quality grade stipulation on various weld seams shown in Tab. 8.0.2 . Table 8.0.2 The quality grade stipulation on various weld seams
welding seam type method of inspection radiographic inspection ultrasonic inspection extent of boiler exceed extent of boiler

8.0.3 The hardness of welding seam after heat treatment shall , in general , not exceed the Brinell hardness (HB) of parent metal plus 100 , and not exceed the following stipulated : total alloy content <3% , total alloy content 3%~10% , total alloy content >10% , HB 270 HB 300 HB 350

Chapter 9

Annex

Annex A Chemical Compositions, Mechanical Performance And Reference Datum of Common Steel Products of Power Plants Annex B Chemical Compositions And Constant Temperature Mechanical Performance of Deposited Metal of Common Welding Rod Annex C Chemical Compositions of Common Welding Wire

Annex A Chemical Compositions, Mechanical Performance And Reference Datum for Common Steel Products in Power PlantsChemical compositions and mechanical performance of

28

common steel products of power plants are shown as table A. Table A Chemical Compositions And Mechanical Performance of Common Steel Products of Power Plants Serial Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Brand Number Steel Number A3 10 20 20G 22G 25 St35.8 St45.8 STPT38 STPT42 SB42 SB46 60 65 A-1 C B C SB49 STPT49 12Mng 16Mng 16MnR 17Mn4 Standard Number GB700 GB3087 GB3087 GB5031 GB713 GB699 DIN17175 DIN17175 JISG3456 JISG3456 JISG3103 JISG3103 ASTMA515 ASTMA515 ASTMA210 ASTMA178 ASTMA106 ASTMA106 JISG3103 JISG3456 GB713 GB713 GB6654 DIN17115/1 C 0.14~0.22 0.07~0.14 0.17~0.24 0.17~0.24 0.26 0.22~0.30 0.17 0.21 0.25 0.30 0.24 0.28 0.24~0.31 0.28~0.33 0.27 0.35 0.30 0.35 0.31 0.33 0.16 0.12~0.20 0.20 0.14~0.20 Chemical Compositions(%) Mn 0.30~0.65 0.35~0.65 0.30~0.65 0.35~0.65 0.60~0.90 0.50~0.80 0.40~0.80 0.40~1.20 0.30~0.90 0.30~0.10 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.93 0.8 0.29~1.06 0.29~1.06 0.9 0.30~1.0 1.10~1.50 1.20~1.60 1.20~1.60 0.90~1.20 Si 0.30 0.17~0.37 0.17~0.37 0.17~0.37 0.17~0.37 0.17~0.37 0.10~0.35 0.10~0.35 0.10~0.35 0.10~0.35 0.15~0.30 0.15~0.30 0.15~0.40 0.15~0.40 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.15~0.30 0.10~0.35 0.20~0.60 0.20~0.60 0.20~0.60 0.20~0.40

To be continued Chemical Compositions (%)

29

Cr 0.15 0.25 0.25

Mo

Ni 0.25 0.25 0.25

Ti

Serial

Brand Number

Chemical Compositions (%)

30

Number

Steel Number

Standard Number GB700 GB3087 GB3087 GB5031 GB713 GB699 DIN17175 DIN17175 JISG3456 JISG3456 JISG3103 JISG3103 ASTMA515 ASTMA515 ASTMA210 ASTMA178 ASTMA106 ASTMA106 JISG3103 JISG3456 GB713 GB713 GB6654 DIN17115/1

Nb

Cu

S 0.050 0.035

P 0.045 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.04 0.04 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.048 0.050 0.048 0.048 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.050

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

A3 10 20 20G 22G 25 St35.8 St45.8 STPT38 STPT42 SB42 SB46 60 65 A-1 C B C SB49 STPT49 12Mng 16Mng 16MnR 17Mn4

0.25 0.25 0.25

0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.04 0.04 0.035 0.035 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.040 0.058 0.060 0.058 0.058 0.040 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.050

31

To be continued Mechanical Performance of Constant Temperature s (MPa) 185~235 196 226 245 265 275 215~235 235~255 215 245 225 245 220 240 255 255 240 275 265 274 275~295 245~345 265~345 274~284 b (MPa) 3754~60 333~490 392~588 412~549 420~560 450 360~480 410~529 372 412 412~540 451~588 415~550 450~585 414 414 415 485 480~617 480 430~590 440~655 450~655 460~548 19~21 18~21 18~21 59u 59u 27v 25 23 22 30 22 20 -2 -2 -2 A-1 A-1 A-1 A s (%) 21~26 24 20 24 24 23 49u 59u 71u k (J/cm2) 27v HB Critical Pointac1/Ac3 Class Number SD340-89 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

32

Serial Number 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Brand Number Steel Number 19Mn5 15MnVg 15MnVR 20MnMo 15MnMoV 14MnMoVg 18MnMoNbg 12CrMo 15CrMo 12CrMoV 12Cr1MoV ZG15Cr-1Mo1V ZG20Cr-MoV A T1 P1 T11 P11 P12 P2 WC6 WC9 SB46M STBA12 STBA13 STBA12 Standard Number DIN17175 GB713 GB6654 JB755 JB755 GB713 GB713 GB5310 GB5310 GB3077 GB5310 JB2640 JB2640 ASTMA204 ASTMA209 ASTMA335 ASTMA213 ASTMA335 ASTMA335 ASTMA335 ASTMA217 ASTMA217 JISG3103 JISG3462 JISG3462 JISG3458 C 0.17~0.22 0.10~0.18 0.18 0.17~0.23 0.12~0.18 0.10~0.18 0.17~0.23 0.08~0.15 0.12~0.18 0.18~0.15 0.08~0.15 0.14~0.20 0.18~0.25 0.18 0.10~0.20 0.10~0.20 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.10~0.20 0.20 0.18 0.18 0.10~0.20 0.15~0.25 0.10~0.20

Chemical Compositions Mn 1.00~1.30 1.20~1.60 1.20~1.60 1.10~1.40 1.30~1.60 1.20~1.60 1.35~1.65 0.40~0.70 0.40~0.70 0.40~0.70 0.40~0.70 0.40~0.70 0.40~0.70 0.90 0.30~0.80 0.30~0.80 0.30~0.60 0.30~0.60 0.30~0.61 0.30~0.61 0.50~0.80 0.40~0.70 0.90 0.30~0.80 0.30~0.80 0.30~0.80 Si 0.30~0.60 0.20~0.50 0.20~0.60 0.17~0.37 0.17~0.37 0.20~0.50 0.17~0.37 0.17~0.37 0.17~0.37 0.17~0.37 0.17~0.37 0.17~0.37 0.17~0.37 0.15~0.40 0.10~0.50 0.10~0.50 0.50~1.00 0.50~1.00 0.50 0.10~0.30 0.60 0.60 0.15~0.30 0.10~0.50 0.10~0.50 0.10~0.50

33

To be continued Chemical Compositions (%) Cr 0.30 0.40~0.70 0.80~1.10 0.30~0.60 0.90~1.20 1.20~1.70 0.90~1.20 1.00~1.50 1.00~1.50 0.80~1.25 0.50~0.81 1.00~1.50 2.00~2.75 Mo 0.20~0.35 0.4~0.65 0.40~0.65 0.45~0.65 0.40~0.55 0.40~0.55 0.25~0.35 0.25~0.35 1.00~1.20 0.50~0.70 0.41~0.65 0.44~0.65 0.44~0.65 0.44~0.65 0.44~0.65 0.44~0.65 0.44~0.65 0.44~0.65 0.90~1.20 0.45~0.60 0.45~0.65 0.45~0.65 0.45~0.65 V 0.04~0.12 0.04~0.12 0.05~0.15 0.05~0.15 0.15~0.30 0.15~0.30 0.20~0.40 0.20~0.30 Ni 0.50 0.50 Ti B

34

Serial number 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Brand number Steel number 19Mn5 15MnVg 15MnVR 20MnMo 15MnMoV 14MnMoVg 18MnMoNbg 12CrMo 15CrMo 12CrMoV 12Cr1MoV ZG15Cr-1Mo1V ZG20Cr-MoV A T1 P1 T11 P11 P12 P2 WC6 WC9 SB46M STBA12 STBA13 STPA12 Standard number DIN17175 GB713 GB6654 JB755 JB755 GB713 GB713 GB5310 GB5310 GB3077 GB5310 JB2640 JB2640 ASTMA204 ASTMA209 ASTMA335 ASTMA213 ASTMA335 ASTMA335 ASTMA335 ASTMA217 ASTMA217 JISG3103 JISG3462 JISG3462 JISG3458 W 0.10 0.10

Chemical compositions (%) Nb 0.025~0.050 Cu 0.50 0.50 S 0.040 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.03 0.03 0.040 0.045 0.045 0.030 0.030 0.045 0.045 0.030 0.045 0.040 0.035 0.035 0.035 P 0.040 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.03 0.03 0.035 0.045 0.045 0.030 0.030 0.045 0.045 0.035 0.04 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035

35

To be continued Mechanical Performance of Constant Temperature s (MPa) 300~310 335~390 335~390 353~372 441 490 440~510 206 235 225 255 343 313 255 207 207 207 207 207 207 275 275 255 206 206 206 b (MPa) 510~610 490~675 490~675 370~529 588 635 590~635 412~559 441~638 440 471~638 490 490 450~585 378 379 413 413 413 379 482~655 482~655 451~588 382 412 382 s (%) 19 17~18 17~18 18 17 16 16~17 21 21 22 21 14 14 23 22 22 30 22 22 22 20 20 -1 -1 -1 -1 163 146 69u 69u 59u 78u 59u 29.4u 29.4u 59u 34v 47u 55u 149~217 156~228 k (J/cm2) HB Critical Point Ac1/Ac3 Class Number SD340-89 A A-2 A-2 A-2 B-1 B-2 B-2 -2 -2 -3 -3 -3 -3 -1 -1 -1 -2 -2 -2 -1

36

Serial Number 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77

Brand Number Steel Number STBA22 STBA20 STPA20 STBA23 STPA22 STPA23 SCPH21 15Mo3 13CrMo44 14MoV63 12Cr2MoWVT1B 12Cr3MoVSiTiB 12Cr2Mo P22 STPA24 10CrMo910 1Cr5Mo 10Cr5MoWVTiB P5 P9 STPA25 STPA26 X20CrMoV121 1Cr13 0Cr13Al 1Cr18Ni9 0Cr23Ni13 ASTMA335 ASTMA335 JISG3458 JISG3458 DIN17175 GB1220 GB1220 GB1220 GB1220 Standard Number JISG3462 JISG3462 JISG3458 JISG3462 JISG3458 JISG3458 JISG5151 DIN17155/2 DIN17155 DIN17155 GB5310 GB5310 GB5310 ASTMA335 JISG3458 DIN17175 J B755 C 0.15

Chemical Compositions (%) Mn 0.30~0.60 0.30~0.60 0.30~0.60 0.30~0.60 0.30~0.60 0.30~0.60 0.50~0.80 0.50~0.70 0.40~0.70 0.40~0.70 0.45~0.65 0.50~0.80 0.40~0.70 0.30~0.60 0.30~0.60 0.40~0.70 0.60 0.45~0.70 0.30~0.60 0.30~0.60 0.30~0.60 0.30~0.60 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 Si 0.50 0.10~0.50 0.10~0.50 0.50~1.00 0.50 0.50~1.00 0.60 0.15~0.35 0.10~0.35 0.10~0.35 0.45~0.75 0.60~0.90 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.40~0.70 0.50 0.25~1.00 0.50 0.251.00 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.10~0.20 0.10~0.20 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.20 0.12~0.20 0.10~0.18 0.10~0.18 0.08~0.15 0.09~0.15 0.08~0.15 0.15 0.15 0.08~0.15 0.15 0.07~0.12 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.17~0.23 0.15 0.08 0.15 0.08

37

To be continued Chemical Compositions (%) Cr 0.80~1.25 0.50~0.80 0.50~0.80 1.00~1.50 0.80~1.25 1.00~1.50 1.00~1.50 0.70~1.10 0.30~0.60 1.60~2.10 2.50~3.00 2.00~2.50 1.90~2.60 1.90~5.60 2.00~2.50 4.00~6.00 4.50~6.00 4.00~6.00 8.00~10.00 4.00~6.00 8.00~10.00 10.00~12.50 11.50~13.50 11.50~14.50 17.00~19.00 22.00~24.00 Mo 0.45~0.65 0.40~0.65 0.40~0.65 0.45~0.65 0.45~0.65 0.45~0.65 0.45~0.65 0.25~0.35 0.45~0.65 0.50~0.70 0.50~0.65 1.00~1.20 0.90~1.20 0.87~1.13 0.87~1.13 0.90~1.20 0.40~0.60 0.48~0.65 0.45~0.65 0.90~1.10 0.45~0.65 0.90~1.10 0.80~1.20 V 0.22~0.32 0.28~0.42 0.25~0.35 0.20~0.33 0.25~0.35 Ni 0.50 0.60 0.30~0.80 0.60 8.00~10.00 12.00~15.00 Ti 0.08~0.18 0.22~0.38 0.16~0.24 B 0.008 0.005~0.011 0.008~0.014

38

Serial number 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77

Brand number Steel number STBA22 STBA20 STPA20 STBA23 STPA22 STPA23 SCPH21 15Mo3 13CrMo44 14MoV63 12Cr2MoWVT1B 12Cr3MoVSiTiB 12Cr2Mo P22 STPA24 10CrMo910 1Cr5Mo 10Cr5MoWVTiB P5 P9 STPA25 STPA25 X20CrMoV121 1Cr13 0Cr13Al 1Cr18Ni9 0Cr23Ni13 ASTMA335 ASTMA335 JISG3458 JISG3458 DIN17175 GB1220 GB1220 GB1220 GB1220 Standard number JISG3462 JISG3462 JISG3458 JISG3462 JISG3458 JISG3458 JISG5151 DIN17155/2 DIN17155 DIN17155 GB5310 GB5310 GB5310 ASTMA335 JISG3458 DIN17175 J B755 W 0.10 0.30~0.55 0.20~0.40

Chemical compositions (%) Nb Cu 0.50 S 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.030 0.035 0.030 0.040 0.040 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.030 0.030 0.035 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 P 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.030 0.035 0.030 0.040 0.040 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.030 0.030 0.035 0.035 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035

To be continued

39

Mechanical Performance of Constant Temperature s (MPa) 206 206 206 206 206 206 274 265~274 280~290 310~319 343 441 280 207 206 269~280 392 392 207 207 206 206 490 343 177 206 206 b (MPa) 412 412 412 412 412 412 480 431~519 440~590 460~610 540~736 608~804 450~600 413 412 450~600 588 539~735 413 413 412 412 690~840 539 412 520 520 17 25 20 40 40 98.1u 98.1u 159 183 187 187 18 18 22 22 55u 156~241 22 22 18 16 20 22 s (%) k (J/cm2) HB

Critical Point Ac1/Ac3

Class Number SD340-89 -2 -1 -1 -2 -2 -2 -1 -2 -2

685~815

G106

40

Annex B Chemical Compositions And Mechanical Performance at Normal Temperature of Clad Metal for Common Welding Rods Chemical compositions and mechanical performance at normal temperature of clad metal for common welding rods are shown as table B. Table B Chemical Compositions And Mechanical Performance at Normal Temperature of Clad Metal for Common Welding Rods Model of Welding Rod Serial Number Model E4303 E4301 E4320 E4316 E4315 E5001 E5016 E5015 E6015D1 E7015D2 E5003A1 E5015A1 E5503B1 E5515B1 E5503B2 E5515B2 E5503B2V Standard Number GB5117 GB5117 GB5117 GB5117 GB5117 GB5117 GB5117 GB5117 GB5118 GB5118 GB5118 GB5118 GB5118 GB5118 GB5118 GB5118 GB5118 Original Brand Number J 422 J 423 J 424 J 426 J 427 J 503 J 506 J 507 J 607 J 707 R 102 R 107 R 202 R 207 R 302 R 307 R 312 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.15 0.12 0.05~0.12 0.05~0.12 0.12 0.05~0.12 0.12 0.30~0.60 0.35~0.60 0.50~0.90 0.50~0.90 0.50~0.90 0.50~1.00 0.80~1.40 0.80~1.40 1.25~1.75 1.65~2.00 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.50~0.90 0.90 0.50~0.90 C Mn Chemical Compositions (%)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

41

Chemical Compositions (%) Si 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.50 0.50 0.30 0.65 0.70 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.50 0.60 0.50 Cr 0.40~0.65 0.40~0.65 0.70~1.10 1.00~1.50 0.80~1.20 Mo 0.25~0.45 0.25~0.45 0.40~0.65 0.40~0.65 0.40~0.65 0.40~0.65 0.40~0.70 0.40~0.65 0.40~0.70 V 0.10~0.35 Nb B

42

Model of Welding Rod Serial Number Model Standard Number GB5117 GB5117 GB5117 GB5117 GB5117 GB5117 GB5117 GB5117 GB5118 GB5118 GB5118 GB5118 GB5118 GB5118 GB5118 GB5118 GB5118 Original Brand Number J 422 J 423 J 424 J 426 J 427 J 503 J 506 J 507 J 607 J 707 R 102 R 107 R 202 R 207 R 302 R 307 R 312

Chemical Compositions (%)

Ni

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

E4303 E4301 E4320 E4316 E4315 E5001 E5016 E5015 E6015D1 E7015D2 E5003A1 E5015A1 E5503B1 E5515B1 E5503B2 E5515B2 E5503B2V

43

To be continued Chemical Compositions (%) Re S2 0.035 P2 0.050 S 0.035 P 0.050 S 0.035 P 0.050 S 0.035 P 0.040 S 0.035 P 0.040 S 0.035 P 0.050 S 0.035 P 0.040 S 0.035 P 0.040 S 0.035 P 0.035 S 0.035 P 0.035 S 0.035 P 0.040 S 0.035 P 0.035 S 0.035 P 0.035 S 0.035 P 0.035 S 0.035 P 0.040 S 0.035 P 0.035 540 16 -2 Mechanical Performance of Constant Temperature b(Mpa) 412 412 412 412 412 490 490 490 588 610 490 490 s(%) 18 18 18 22 22 16 20 20 15 15 20 22 k(J/cm2) 78.4 78.4 78.4 137.2 137.2 58.8 127.4 127.4 27 Class Number SD340-89 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -2 -2 -2 4-2 8 -1 -1

540 490 540

17 16 17 78.4u

-2 -2 -2

44

S 0.035 P 0.040

490

16

-3

Model of Welding Rod Serial Number Model E5515B2V E6003B3 E6015B3 E5515B3VNb E5515B2VWB E5515B2VW E5515B2VNb E1-5McV-15 E1-9Mo-15 E2-11MoVN1-15 E2-11MoVNiW-15 E1-13-15 E6-19-10NbE4-18-12Mo2E1-23-13E2-26-21E1-16-25Mo6N E7-17Standard number GB5118 GB5118 GB5118 GB5118 GB5118 GB5118 GB5118 GB983 GB983 GB983 GB983 GB983 GB983 GB983 GB983 GB983 GB983 GB983 Original brand number R 317 R 402 R 407 R 417 R 347 R 327 R 337 R 507 R 707 R 807 R 817 R 827 G 207 G 217 A 132/A 137 A 202/A 207 A 302/A 307 A 402/A 407 A 507 G 302/G 307

Chemical Compositions (%)

C 0.05~0.12 0.05~0.12 0.05~0.12 0.05~0.12 0.05~0.12 0.05~0.12 0.05~0.12 0. 12 0.10 0.19 0.19 0.15~0.21 0.12 0.12 0.08 0.08 0.15 0.20 0.12 0.10

Mn 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 1.00 0.70~1.10 0.60 0.50~0.90 1.00 0.50~1.00 0.5~1.00 0.50~1.00 1.00 1.00 0.5~2.5 0.5~2.5 0.5~2.5 1.0~2.5 0.5~2.5 1.0

18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

45

46

To be continued Chemical Compositions (%) S1 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.50 0.90 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.75 0.90 0.90 Cr 1.00~1.50 2.00~2.50 2.00~2.50 2.10~3.00 1.50~2.50 1.00~1.50 1.00~1.50 4.5~6.00 8.0~10.5 9.5~11.5 9.5~12.0 9.50~12.00 11.00~13.50 12.00~14.00 18.00~21.00 17.0~20.0 22.0~25.0 25.0~28.0 14.0~18.0 14.0~18.0 0.50 2.0~2.5 0.50 0.50 5.0~7.0 0.50 Mo 0.40~1.65 0.90~1.20 0.90~1.20 0.70~1.00 0.30~0.80 0.70~1.00 0.70~1.00 0.40~0.70 0.85~1.20 0.60~0.90 0.80~1.10 0.80~1.10 0.50 V 0.10~0.35 0.25~0.50 0.20~0.60 0.20~0.35 0.15~0.40 0.10~0.35 0.20~0.40 0.20~0.40 0.20~0.40 Nb 0.35~0.65 0.10~0.25 8C~1.00 B 0.001~0.003

47

Model of Welding Rod Serial Number Model Standard Number GB5118 GB5118 GB5118 GB5118 GB5118 GB5118 GB5118 GB983 GB983 GB983 GB983 GB983 GB983 GB983 GB983 GB983 GB983 GB983 Original Brand Number R 317 R 402 R 407 R 417 R 347 R 327 R 337 R 507 R 707 R 807 R 817 R 827 E1-13-15 E6-19-10NbE4-18-12Mo2E1-23-13E2-26-21E1-16-25Mo6N E7-17G 207 G 217 A 132/A 137 A 202/A 207 A 302/A 307 A 402/A 407 A 507 G 302/G 307

Chemical Compositions (%)

W 0.20~0.60 0.25~0.50 0.40~0.70

Ni 0.40 0.60~0.90 0.40~1.10 0.70~1.10 0.60 0.60 9.0~11.0 11.0~14.0 12.0~14.0 20.0~22.5 22.0~27.0 0.60

18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

E5515B2V E6003B3 E6015B3 E5515B3VNb E5515B2VWB E5515B2VW E5515B2VNb E1-5McV-15 E1-9Mo-15 E2-11MoVN1-15 E2-11MoVNiW-15

48

To be continued Chemical Compositions (%) Re Cu20.50 Cu20.50 Cu20.50 Cu20.50 Cu20.50 Cu20.50 Cu20.50 Cu20.50 Others S 0.035 P 0.035 S 0.035 P 0.035 S 0.035 P 0.035 S 0.035 P 0.035 S 0.035 P 0.035 S 0.035 P 0.035 S 0.035 P 0.035 S 0.030 P 0.035 S 0.030 P 0.035 S 0.030 P 0.035 S 0.030 P 0.035 S 0.035 P 0.040 S 0.030 P 0.035 S 0.030 P 0.040 S 0.030 P 0.035 S 0.030 P 0.035 S 0.030 P 0.035 520 520 550 25 30 25 450 20 Mechanical Performance of Constant Temperature b(Mpa) 540 590 590 540 540 540 540 540 590 730 730 s(%) 17 14 15 17 17 17 17 14 16 15 15 k(J/cm2) Class Number SD340-89 -3 -3 -3 -1 -2 -3 -3 -3

49

Cu20.50 Cu20.50 N 0.1 Cu20.50

S 0.030 P 0.030 S 0.030 P 0.035 S 0.030 P 0.035

550 610 450

25 30 20

Annex C Chemical Compositions of Common Welding Wire Chemical compositions of common welding wire are shown as table C. Table C Serial Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Steel Number H08A H08MnA H08MnR H08Mn2SiA H10Mn2 H08CrMoA H13CrMoA H08CrMoV H08CrMnSiMoVA H08Cr2MoA H1Cr13 H1Cr19Ni9 H0Cr19Ni9Si2 H1Cr19Ni9Ti H1Cr19Ni10Nb H1Cr25Ni13 H1Cr25Ni20 TIG-J50 GB1300-77 YB/Z11-76 0.10 1.20~1.50 0.40~0.70 0.15 0.14 0.06 0.10 0.09 0.12 0.15 0.06~0.12 1.20~1.50 1.00~2.00 0.30~0.60 0.60~0.90 0.15~0.35 0.30~0.60 0.50~1.00 2.00~2.75 0.30~0.70 0.30~0.80 0.30~0.70 0.20~0.50 0.60~0.85 23.00~26.00 24.00~27.00 18.00~20.00 GB/Z1300-77 Chemical Compositions of Common Welding Wire Standard Number Chemical Compositions (%) C Mn 0.30~0.55 0.10 0.80~1.10 1.00~1.30 0.11 0.12 0.10 0.11~0.16 0.40~0.70 0.15~0.35 1.80~2.10 1.50~1.90 Si 0.03 0.07 0.10~0.30 0.65~0.95 0.07 Cr 0.20 0.20 0.80~1.10 0.80~1.00 1.00~1.30 0.95~1.25 2.00~2.50 12.00~14.00 Mo

GB1300-77 YB/Z11-76

0.40~0.60

0.50~0.70 0.90~1.20

50

19 20 21 22

TIG-R31 Tig-R40 TIG-R10 TIG-R30

0.75~1.05 0.75~1.05 0.75~1.05

0.45~0.70

1.10~1.40 2.20~2.50 1.10~1.40

0.45~0.65 0.95~1.25 0.45~0.65

0.45~0.70

51

Chemical Compositions (%) V Ti Nb Ni 0.30 0.10 (addition amount) A10.05 (addition amount) 0.30 0.30 Rare earth Others S P Not larger than Notes

0.15~0.35 0.20~0.40

0.30

0.40

0.40

0.25

0.030

0.030

0.60 0.50~0.80 8.00~10.00

1.20~1.50

9.00~11.00 12.00~14.00 17.00~20.00 A10.05~0.15 Zr0.04~0.10

0.020

0.03~0.06

0.05 (addition amount) 0.25 0.25

0.23~0.35 0.03~0.06

Standards of Shanghai power plant erection factory.

52