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Compaction tests are the laboratory tests used for finding the relationship between water content and dry unit weight of the soil sample. Following two types of tests can be performed in the laboratory. These two tests can be performed by the following four methods. TABLE 1.1 Moisture-Density Methods and Associated Mold Sizes Method A Method B Method C Method D Mold Size Material Size Blows per Layer Method A and B: Method A and B can be used if amount of material retained on sieve#4 is less than 7% otherwise go for method C. Method C: This is used when amount of material retained on sieve is less than 10% otherwise go for method D. Method D: This method is used when non of the above methods can be used and if amount of material retained of sieve is greater than 10%. However if it exceeds 30% then we cannot used any of the above methods because the sample will no longer be fine aggregate. 101.60 mm (4 in.) Passing 4.75 mm (No. 4) 25 152.40 101.60 mm mm (6 in.) (4 in.) Passing 4.75 Passing mm (No. 4) 19.0 mm (3/4 in.) 56 25 152.40 mm (6 in.) Passing 19.0 mm (3/4 in.) 56
2. The selected sample is mixed with sufficient amount of water, approximately 4%less than expected OMC(optimum moisture content). 3. Start putting the sample in the mould ,with attached collars, in 3 layers and give blows to each layer, number of blows and size of mould will be as per selected method. 4. Blows should be given with hammer of weight 5.5lb and height of fall should be 12in. 5. After complete filling the mould remover collar and extra mix of sample protruding out of the mould. 6. Determine the bulk unit weight of the sample. 7. Now find the moisture content by using oven dried method. 8. Lastly determine the dry unit weight of the sample and repeat the experiment number of times. 9. Then plot a graph between dry unit weight and moisture content, which will give the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density for the sample.
8. Lastly determine the dry unit weight of the sample and repeat the experiment number of times. 9. Then plot a graph between dry unit weight and moisture content, which will give the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density for the sample.
Formulae to be used: Bulk unit weight =weight of soil sample/ volume of mould Moisture content (w)= weight of water / weight soil solids Dry unit weight = bulk unit weight / (1+w) Difference between standard and modified compaction test:
TABLE 1.2 Differences Between Standard (T 99) and Modified (T 180) MoistureDensity Tests Standar Modified d 2.495 4.536 kg Rammers Mass kg (10.0 lb) (Manual and (5.5 lb) Mechanical) 305 mm 475 mm Drop of Rammer to (12.0 (18.0 Soil Surface in.) in.) Number Layers 3 5 Placed when Filling Mold 12375lb-ft/cu56000lb-ft/cu-ft. ft. Effort applied
It is clear that modified method gives more compaction than standard by increasing total number of blows and height of fall.