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PROFESORA LINDA DEL ROCIO QUINTANA QUEZADA BE USED TO+ ING

USED TO - BE USED TO >> EXPLICACIONES GENERALES

Ofrecemos por separado ambas gramticas porque --aunque parezcan similares-son dos estructuras diferentes. Te lo explicamos aqu: 1) I USED TO = yo sola, yo acostumbraba a. Se usa para hablar de tu pasado, de algo que "solas hacer" (cuando nio, por ejemplo) pero que ya no haces ms. 2) I AM USED TO = yo estoy acostumbrado a. Se usa para hablar generalmente de tu presente, de algo que "sueles hacer" (hoy en da, por ejemplo). IMPORTANTE La primera estructura va seguida siempre de un INFINITIVO. La segunda estructura va seguida siempre de un ING VERB. USANDO LA LOGICA Sabemos que al principio parecen estructuras muy similares, pero no lo son. Observa estos dos ejemplos: 1) When I was a child I used to walk along this avenue. [sola caminar] 2) I am used to walking, so I walk from work to my house every day. [estoy acostumbrado a caminar] MEMORIZANDO Tienes que recordar que son dos estructuras diferentes: a) En la primera (I used to walk) la forma verbal es USED TO y se utiliza nicamente en pasado y no lleva nunca el verbo BE. b) La segunda (I am used to walking) lleva siempre el verbo BE delante de USED TO. ANALIZANDO SITUACIONES Desde luego, si desde nio sigues teniendo (y no has perdido) el hbito de caminar, no podrs decir: I used to walk when I was a child. (Sola caminar cuando era nio) En ese caso, tendrs que expresarlo de este otro modo: I am used to walking since I was a child. (Estoy acostumbrado a caminar desde que era nio).

PARTE I
COSTUMBRE O HABITO EN EL PASADO

GUIA PARA SEXTO SEMESTRE TURNO VESPERTINO AUTOR. PROFESORA LINDA DEL ROCIO QUINTANA QUEZADA

USED TO (sola, acostumbraba a)

Observa esta estructura gramatical: Subject + USED TO + verb Robert used to live in the country. (Roberto sola vivir en el campo) REGLAS BASICAS: 1) Puedes utilizar la forma infinitiva sin "to" del verbo BE despus del sujeto pero no puedes utilizar las formas was, were, been o being del mismo verbo. Ejemplos: I used to be a waiter when I was young. << correcto I used to was a waiter when I was young. << incorrecto I used to be a waiter three years ago. << correcto I used to was a waiter three years ago. << incorrecto 2) Es incorrecto utilizar la forma bsica o comn del verbo use (usar).

BE USED TO (estar acostumbrado a)

Ahora presta atencin a esta otra estructura: Subject + BE + USED TO > ING form Robert was used to living in the country (Roberto estaba acostumbrado a vivir en el campo) REGLAS BASICAS: 1) Si utilizas el verbo BE despus de be used to, el verbo debe llevar el formato being. Ejemplos: I was used to being a waiter when I was young. << correcto I was used to be a waiter when I was young. << incorrecto 2) No utilices un verbo sin ing form despus de to. 3) Es incorrecto utilizar la forma bsica o comn del verbo use (usar). EJEMPLOS: Incorrect: I used to was studying at Buenos Aires University. Correct: I used to study at Buenos Aires University. (Sola estudiar en la Universidad de Buenos Aires) I was used to studying at Buenos Aires University. (Estaba acostumbrado/a a estudiar en la Universidad de Buenos Aires)

PARTE II
CONCLUSIONES LOGICAS

GUIA PARA SEXTO SEMESTRE TURNO VESPERTINO AUTOR. PROFESORA LINDA DEL ROCIO QUINTANA QUEZADA
Observa estas 3 estructuras gramaticales: a) Subject + MUST HAVE + participle + past time There's a message on the machine. Monica must have called last night. (Hay un mensaje en el contestador. Mnica debe haber llamado anoche) b) Subject + MUST BE > ing form + present time The phone is ringing. Monica must be calling now. (Est sonando el telfono. Mnica debe estar llamando) c) Subject + MUST + verb + repeated time Monica's father is ill in bed. She must call often. (El padre de Mnica est enfermo. Ella debe llamar seguido) Te das cuenta de la diferencia? Una observacin en el presente puede servir de base para una extraer una conclusin acerca de algo que ocurri en el pasado. Por ejemplo, "There is a message on my answering machine" (Hay un mensaje en mi contestador). Puede deducirse que " my friend must have called last night" (mi amiga debe haber llamado anoche). REGLAS BASICAS: 1) No utilices con esta estructura should o can en lugar de must. 3) Es incorrecto utilizar un verbo comn en lugar de have + participio cuando te refieres a un hecho del pasado. EJEMPLOS: Incorrect: The streets are wet; it should have rained. Correct: The streets are wet; it must have rained last night. (Las calles estn mojadas. Debe haber llovido anoche

Pronoun QUANTITATIVE
From MaxiMuse
Jump to: navigation, search Pronouns are notional words which indicate objects and their properties without indicating them, e. g. He rose. Many have come. Some did not do it., where the subjects are not named.

Semantic classes of the pronoun[1]

Semantic class Pronouns Notes

GUIA PARA SEXTO SEMESTRE TURNO VESPERTINO AUTOR. PROFESORA LINDA DEL ROCIO QUINTANA QUEZADA This class has two cases: the nominative case, the objective case. Personal pronouns are noun-pronouns - they occupy the position of nouns. Conjoint pronouns are used as adjectivepronouns, absolute pronouns are used as nounpronouns. This and that have the pseudocategory of number. this (pl. these), that (pl. those), same are both noun- and adjectivepronouns. such is always an adjectivepronoun. There is division into two classes: reflexive, emphatic (e.g, I had myself seen a charming Battersea box quite to her taste).

Personal pronouns

Personal pronouns according to cases: Nominative case I, he, she, it, we, you, they Objective case me, him, her, it, us, you, them

Possessive pronouns

Two kinds of forms: Conjoint my, his, her, its, our, your, their Absolute mine, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs

Demonstrative this (pl. these), that (pl. those), same, such, it pronouns

Reflexive pronouns (selfpronouns)

myself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself

GUIA PARA SEXTO SEMESTRE TURNO VESPERTINO AUTOR. PROFESORA LINDA DEL ROCIO QUINTANA QUEZADA Reciprocal pronouns according to cases: Common case each other, one another Possessive case each other's, one another's

Reciprocal pronouns

Function as noun-pronouns.

Indefinite pronouns

Classification of Indefinite pronouns: Indefinite proper pronouns some, somebody, someone, something, any, anybody, anyone, anything, one (meaning some) Distributive pronouns all, every, everybody, everyone (every one), everything, each (one), both, either, another, other Negative pronouns no, nobody, no one, none, nothing, neither Quantitative pronouns many, much, (a) few, (a) little

Some and any are both nounand adjectivepronouns, one is only an adjectivepronoun. The compounds with them are only nounpronoun. Those with -body and -one have the category of case (common and possessive, or genitive). Commonly some and compounds with it occur in affirmative sentences. But their use is possible in interrogative sentences, firstly, when the question does not refer to the pronouns, that is, when the sentence expresses rather an offer or request, e.g. "Would you like to have

GUIA PARA SEXTO SEMESTRE TURNO VESPERTINO AUTOR. PROFESORA LINDA DEL ROCIO QUINTANA QUEZADA some coffee?"; "Can I have some of those nuts?", secondly when the pronouns imply previous knowledge, e.g. "Do you know something? It all sounds kind of fantastic."; 'Can I ask you something?'. Note that the use of any and compounds with it is typical of ifclauses, e.g. 'It'll cost us our jobs if anything goes wrong.' The pronouns all, each, both, either, another, other are both noun- and adjectivepronouns, every is only an adjectivepronoun, the compounds with every and each are only noun-pronouns. The latter have the grammatical category of case (common and possessive, or genitive).

GUIA PARA SEXTO SEMESTRE TURNO VESPERTINO AUTOR. PROFESORA LINDA DEL ROCIO QUINTANA QUEZADA Another has the grammatical category of case (common and possessive, or genitive). Other has the grammatical categories of number and case, e.g. She's cleverer than any of the others. The main difference between every (body) and each (one) is that the former occurs when the members of a group have something in common, whereas the latter denoting the same draws attention to some point of difference between them. Both implies two persons or things. It functions both as a nounpronoun and an adjectivepronoun, e.g. Both are well. It also functions as a predeterminer, e.g. Both the boys were at

GUIA PARA SEXTO SEMESTRE TURNO VESPERTINO AUTOR. PROFESORA LINDA DEL ROCIO QUINTANA QUEZADA school now. Both does not occur in negative sentences. Either also implies two persons or things, but unlike both, is followed by a singular noun and verb, e.g. They walked on either side of the girl. In informal English each and either can take a plural verb, especially if they are followed by an of + Ns, e.g. Each of the 2 girls upstairs is/are beautiful.In informal present-day English compound pronouns with the second element -body or -one are associated with plural pronouns, e.g. Everyone thinks they have the answer. All implies

GUIA PARA SEXTO SEMESTRE TURNO VESPERTINO AUTOR. PROFESORA LINDA DEL ROCIO QUINTANA QUEZADA more than two persons or things. It is both a nounpronoun and an adjectivepronoun, e.g. It devoured all of his energy and thought. It can function as a predeterminer, e.g. We walked all the way. Neither, like either, is both a noun- and adjectivepronoun, applied to two persons and things only and is normally followed by a singular noun or verb, e.g. Neither of these /two/ cars is what I want. None is a noun-pronoun only, it is applied to more than two persons or things or to a complete absence of them, e.g. None of my problems are solved. No is an adjective-

GUIA PARA SEXTO SEMESTRE TURNO VESPERTINO AUTOR. PROFESORA LINDA DEL ROCIO QUINTANA QUEZADA pronoun only, nobody, nothing and no one are nounpronouns. Nobody and no one have the grammatical category of case (common and genitive, or possessive), e.g. nobody's fool (phras. expres.). All of them are both noun- and adjective pronouns. Many and (a) few are used with counts and much and (a) little with uncounts. Who is a nounpronoun, 'whose is an adjectivepronoun, what and which are both noun- and adjective pronouns. Who has the grammatical category of case (nominative and objective). They are the same pronouns as interrogative but used to

Interrogative pronouns

who, whose, what, which

Conjunctive pronouns

who, whose, what, which

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GUIA PARA SEXTO SEMESTRE TURNO VESPERTINO AUTOR. PROFESORA LINDA DEL ROCIO QUINTANA QUEZADA introduce subject, predicative, object and appositive clauses. Conjunctive pronouns have the same grammatical categories as the interrogative ones. Relative pronouns are used to introduce attributive relative clauses, e.g. But the few years that separated us were wider than an ocean., Liberty is an illusion to those who have never known it., That's the man whose house was burned down.. As correlates with the pronouns same and such in the main clause, e.g. Dead there on the slope on such a day as this is. Only who changes: has the

Relative pronouns

that, who, whose, which, as

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GUIA PARA SEXTO SEMESTRE TURNO VESPERTINO AUTOR. PROFESORA LINDA DEL ROCIO QUINTANA QUEZADA category of case. It is used to avoid the repetition of a noun already mentioned. It has the grammatical category of number, e.g. Are those your books? I want to borrow a good one/some good ones on farming. One can be preceded by the definite article, nouns, demonstratives, adjectives, ordinal numerals, e.g. The officer is the one who gives the orders. On the other hand, the prop-word one cannot be preceded by a noun the possessive case, cardinal numerals, the indefinite pronouns some, any, the adjectives several and own

The propword one

one

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GUIA PARA SEXTO SEMESTRE TURNO VESPERTINO AUTOR. PROFESORA LINDA DEL ROCIO QUINTANA QUEZADA THIRD CONDITIOAL

The structure of a third conditional sentence

Like the other conditionals, a third conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an "if" clause and a main clause: if clause If I had studied harder, main clause I would have passed the exam. explanation I failed the exam, because I didn't study hard enough.

If the "if" clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the "if" clause comes second, there is no need for a comma: main clause I probably would have passed the exam if clause if I had studied harder.

We use different verb forms in each part of a third conditional:

if clause main clause

if + subject + past perfect verb* subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + past participle

*The past perfect is formed with the auxiliary verb "had", and the past participle (or third form) of the verb. Note also that third conditional forms can be contracted:

Full form Contracted form

If I had studied harder, I probably would have passed the exam. If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam.

Using the third conditional

The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this a little strange, but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret:

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GUIA PARA SEXTO SEMESTRE TURNO VESPERTINO AUTOR. PROFESORA LINDA DEL ROCIO QUINTANA QUEZADA Example If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident. If we had played a little better, we could have won the game. If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. Explanation Criticism: You had an accident because you didn't drive carefully enough. Regret: We didn't play well, so we lost the game. Criticism: You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer. Regret: It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing.

MODALS IN PAST
Past modals come in two forms. The first type is the easiest and usually requires only a simple word change: I can drive. I could drive when I was 16. I have to go to California. I had to go to California. Lenny will pay tomorrow. Lenny said he would pay tomorrow. Past modals with have Some past modals can be formed by using have + the past participle of the main verb immediately after the modal. (should have, could have, would have, etc.) However, since modals express possibility, intention, obligation, etc., they do not always indicate a definite tense. Therefore, when using past modals with have, special meanings need to be considered. I should go to the funeral. I should have gone to the funeral. Lex might take Karen to the airport. Lex might have taken Karen to the airport. (I feel an obligation to go--later.) (I didn't go. Now I regret it.) (It's a future possibility.) (He may be on his way there now.) (present ability) (past ability) (present obligation) (past obligation) (future intention) (future reported from the past)

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GUIA PARA SEXTO SEMESTRE TURNO VESPERTINO AUTOR. PROFESORA LINDA DEL ROCIO QUINTANA QUEZADA
Lex could have taken Karen to the airport. Lex would have taken Karen to the airport. Otis didn't come to work yesterday. He had to take care of his children. His children must have been sick. See also: Grammar: Common Modal Usage Textbook Recommendation: Touchy Situations, Chapter 19 If you have questions or comments about this page, please contact us. Be sure to include the title of this page in the Subject line of your e-mail (Most likely he didn't.) (He didn't. He had an excuse.) (past fact) (past obligation) (conjecture about the past)

MIXED CONDITIONALS

Mixed Conditionals
Those of you who have been following the Conditional Tutorial should now be familiar with present, past and future conditional verb forms. Sometimes Unreal Conditional sentences are mixed. This means that the time in the if-clause is not the same as the time in the result. Study the examples below to learn how to mix conditional verb forms like a native speaker. Verbs in green are in the Present Unreal Conditional. Verbs in red are in the Past Unreal Conditional. Verbs in purple are in the Future Unreal Conditional.

Mixed Conditional Patterns

PAST Examples: PRESENT

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GUIA PARA SEXTO SEMESTRE TURNO VESPERTINO AUTOR. PROFESORA LINDA DEL ROCIO QUINTANA QUEZADA

If I had won the lottery, I would be rich.

BUT I DIDN'T WIN THE LOTTERY IN THE PAST AND I AM NOT RICH NOW.

If I had taken French in high school, I would have more job opportunities.
BUT I DIDN'T TAKE FRENCH IN HIGH SCHOOL AND I DON'T HAVE MANY JOB OPPORTUNITIES.

If she had been born in the United States, she wouldn't need a visa to work here.
BUT SHE WASN'T BORN IN THE UNITED STATES AND SHE DOES NEED A VISA NOW TO WORK HERE.

PAST Examples:

FUTURE

If she had signed up for the ski trip last week, she would be joining us tomorrow.
BUT SHE DIDN'T SIGN UP FOR THE SKI TRIP LAST WEEK AND SHE ISN'T GOING TO JOIN US TOMORROW.

If Mark had gotten the job instead of Joe, he would be moving to Shanghai.
BUT MARK DIDN'T GET THE JOB AND MARK IS NOT GOING TO MOVE TO SHANGHAI.

If Darren hadn't wasted his Christmas bonus gambling in Las Vegas, he would go to Mexico with us next month.
BUT DARREN WASTED HIS CHRISTMAS BONUS GAMBLING IN LAS VEGAS AND HE WON'T GO TO MEXICO WITH US NEXT MONTH.

PRESENT Examples:

PAST

If I were rich, I would have bought that Ferrari we saw yesterday.

BUT I AM NOT CURRENTLY RICH AND THAT IS WHY I DIDN'T BUY THE FERRARI YESTERDAY.

If Sam spoke Russian, he would have translated the letter for you.
BUT SAM DOESN'T SPEAK RUSSIAN AND THAT IS WHY HE DIDN'T TRANSLATE THE LETTER.

If I didn't have to work so much, I would have gone to the party last night.
BUT I HAVE TO WORK A LOT AND THAT IS WHY I DIDN'T GO TO THE PARTY LAST NIGHT.

PRESENT Examples:

FUTURE

If I didn't have so much vacation time, I wouldn't go with you on the cruise to Alaska next week.
BUT I DO HAVE A LOT OF VACATION TIME AND I WILL GO ON THE TRIP NEXT WEEK.

If Cindy were more creative, the company would send her to New York to work on the new advertising campaign.
BUT CINDY IS NOT CREATIVE AND THE COMPANY WON'T SEND HER TO NEW YORK TO WORK ON THE NEW CAMPAIGN.

If Dan weren't so nice, he wouldn't be tutoring you in math tonight.

BUT DAN IS NICE AND HE IS GOING TO TUTOR YOU TONIGHT.

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GUIA PARA SEXTO SEMESTRE TURNO VESPERTINO AUTOR. PROFESORA LINDA DEL ROCIO QUINTANA QUEZADA FUTURE Examples:

PAST

If I weren't going on my business trip next week, I would have accepted that new assignment at work.
BUT I AM GOING TO GO ON A BUSINESS TRIP NEXT WEEK, AND THAT IS WHY I DIDN'T ACCEPT THAT NEW ASSIGNMENT AT WORK.

If my parents weren't coming this weekend, I would have planned a nice trip just for the two of us to Napa Valley.
BUT MY PARENTS ARE GOING TO COME THIS WEEKEND, AND THAT IS WHY I DIDN'T PLAN A TRIP FOR THE TWO OF US TO NAPA VALLEY.

If Donna weren't making us a big dinner tonight, I would have suggested that we go to that nice Italian restaurant.
BUT SHE IS GOING TO MAKE US A BIG DINNER TONIGHT, AND THAT IS WHY I DIDN'T SUGGEST THAT WE GO TO THAT NICE ITALIAN RESTAURANT.

FUTURE Examples:

PRESENT

If I were going to that concert tonight, I would be very excited.

BUT I AM NOT GOING TO GO TO THAT CONCERT TONIGHT AND THAT IS WHY I AM NOT EXCITED.

If Sandy were giving a speech tomorrow, she would be very nervous.

BUT SANDY IS NOT GOING TO GIVE A SPEECH TOMORROW AND THAT IS WHY SHE IN NOT NERVOUS.

If Seb didn't come with us to the desert, everyone would be very disappointed.
BUT SEB WILL COME WITH US TO THE DESERT AND THAT IS WHY EVERYONE IS SO HAPPY

Past wishes
Tags:

past perfect subjunctive unreal IF ONLY WISH WISH/IF ONLY + SUBJECT + PAST PERFECT

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GUIA PARA SEXTO SEMESTRE TURNO VESPERTINO AUTOR. PROFESORA LINDA DEL ROCIO QUINTANA QUEZADA If only I hadnt gone to that party! = I wish I hadnt gone to that party! (= I regret going/having gone to that party.) Note the similarity between the subordinate clause of the third conditional and the one mentioned above. Actually, if you complete the sentence above, you will get a third conditional sentence. If only I hadnt gone to that party, I wouldnt have met him again!

Present Perfect Continuous

[has/have + been + present participle] Examples:

You have been waiting here for two hours. Have you been waiting here for two hours? You have not been waiting here for two hours. Complete List of Present Perfect Continuous Forms

USE 1 Duration from the Past Until Now

We use the Present Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. "For five minutes," "for two weeks," and "since Tuesday" are all durations which can be used with the Present Perfect Continuous. Examples:

They have been talking for the last hour. She has been working at that company for three years. What have you been doing for the last 30 minutes? James has been teaching at the university since June. We have been waiting here for over two hours! Why has Nancy not been taking her medicine for the last three days?

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GUIA PARA SEXTO SEMESTRE TURNO VESPERTINO AUTOR. PROFESORA LINDA DEL ROCIO QUINTANA QUEZADA

USE 2 Recently, Lately

You can also use the Present Perfect Continuous WITHOUT a duration such as "for two weeks." Without the duration, the tense has a more general meaning of "lately." We often use the words "lately" or "recently" to emphasize this meaning. Examples:

Recently, I have been feeling really tired. She has been watching too much television lately. Have you been exercising lately? Mary has been feeling a little depressed. Lisa has not been practicing her English. What have you been doing?

IMPORTANT
Remember that the Present Perfect Continuous has the meaning of "lately" or "recently." If you use the Present Perfect Continuous in a question such as "Have you been feeling alright?", it can suggest that the person looks sick or unhealthy. A question such as "Have you been smoking?" can suggest that you smell the smoke on the person. Using this tense in a question suggests you can see, smell, hear or feel the results of the action. It is possible to insult someone by using this tense incorrectly.

REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs/ Mixed Verbs

It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Instead of using Present Perfect Continuous with these verbs, you must use Present Perfect. Examples:

Sam has been having his car for two years. Not Correct Sam has had his car for two years. Correct

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GUIA PARA SEXTO SEMESTRE TURNO VESPERTINO AUTOR. PROFESORA LINDA DEL ROCIO QUINTANA QUEZADA

Past Perfect Continuous

FORM
[had been + present participle] Examples:

You had been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived. Had you been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived? You had not been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived. Complete List of Past Perfect Continuous Forms

USE 1 Duration Before Something in the Past

We use the Past Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and continued up until another time in the past. "For five minutes" and "for two weeks" are both durations which can be used with the Past Perfect Continuous. Notice that this is related to the Present Perfect Continuous; however, the duration does not continue until now, it stops before something else in the past. Examples:

They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived. She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of business. How long had you been waiting to get on the bus? Mike wanted to sit down because he had been standing all day at work. James had been teaching at the university for more than a year before he left for Asia. A: How long had you been studying Turkish before you moved to Ankara? B: I had not been studying Turkish very long.

USE 2 Cause of Something in the Past

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GUIA PARA SEXTO SEMESTRE TURNO VESPERTINO AUTOR. PROFESORA LINDA DEL ROCIO QUINTANA QUEZADA

Using the Past Perfect Continuous before another action in the past is a good way to show cause and effect. Examples:

Jason was tired because he had been jogging. Sam gained weight because he had been overeating. Betty failed the final test because she had not been attending class.

Past Continuous vs. Past Perfect Continuous

If you do not include a duration such as "for five minutes," "for two weeks" or "since Friday," many English speakers choose to use the Past Continuous rather than the Past Perfect Continuous. Be careful because this can change the meaning of the sentence. Past Continuous emphasizes interrupted actions, whereas Past Perfect Continuous emphasizes a duration of time before something in the past. Study the examples below to understand the difference. Examples:

He was tired because he was exercising so hard.

THIS SENTENCE EMPHASIZES THAT HE WAS TIRED BECAUSE HE WAS EXERCISING AT THAT EXACT MOMENT.

He was tired because he had been exercising so hard.

THIS SENTENCE EMPHASIZES THAT HE WAS TIRED BECAUSE HE HAD BEEN EXERCISING OVER A PERIOD OF TIME. IT IS POSSIBLE THAT HE WAS STILL EXERCISING AT THAT MOMENT OR THAT HE HAD JUST FINISHED.

REMEMBER Non-Continuous Verbs / Mixed Verbs

It is important to remember that Non-Continuous Verbs cannot be used in any continuous tenses. Also, certain non-continuous meanings for Mixed Verbs cannot be used in continuous tenses. Instead of using Past Perfect Continuous with these verbs, you must use Past Perfect. Examples:

The motorcycle had been belonging to George for years before Tina bought it. Not Correct The motorcycle had belonged to George for years before Tina bought it. Correct

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GUIA PARA SEXTO SEMESTRE TURNO VESPERTINO AUTOR. PROFESORA LINDA DEL ROCIO QUINTANA QUEZADA

ADVERB PLACEMENT
The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc. Examples:

You had only been waiting there for a few minutes when she arrived. Had you only been waiting there for a few minutes when she arrived?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE
Examples:

Chef Jones had been preparing the restaurant's fantastic dinners for two years before he moved to Paris. ACTIVE The restaurant's fantastic dinners had been being prepared by Chef Jones for two years before he moved to Paris. PASSIVE NOTE: Passive forms of the Past Perfect Continuous are not common

PAST TENSES

2.4. Tiempos verbales-Verb tenses

2.4.2.1.Simple past tense- Pasado simple: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que tuvieron lugar en el pasado, sin que importe excesivamente el momento del pasado en el que tuvieron lugar. Ej.: John washed the dishes yesterday evening. (John lav los platos ayer por la tarde).

Para construir las formas negativa e interrogativa del Simple Past, necesitamos la ayuda del verbo auxiliar (to) do, esta vez con su tiempo en pasado, DID.

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GUIA PARA SEXTO SEMESTRE TURNO VESPERTINO AUTOR. PROFESORA LINDA DEL ROCIO QUINTANA QUEZADA
Forma negativa del Simple Past: Sujeto+ DID not/didn't+ Verbo de la accin en infinitivo+Complementos. Ej.: John didn't wash the dishes yesterday evening. Forma interrogativa del Simple Past: DID+ Sujeto+ verbo de la accin en infinitivo+ Complementos. Did John wash the dishes yesterday evening? En ingls, hay dos tipos de Simple Past o de pasado simple: el regular o el irregular. Los verbos regulares forman el Simple Past aadiendo el sufijo -ed al infinitivo y los verbos irregulares forman su Simple Past sin seguir ninguna regla. En este apartado de la pgina tienes acceso a la lista completa de todos los verbos irregulares que hay en ingls. Un ejemplo de Simple Past regular es el del verbo (to) wash= ( lavar), cuyo Simple Past es washed y un ejemplo de verbo irregular es el de (to) break= ( romper) , cuyo Simple Past es broke. 2.4.2.2.Past Continuous/Progressive Tense- Pasado continuo: Es un tiempo verbal en el que se expresan acciones que tuvieron lugar en el pasado, pero en un momento concreto. Este tiempo verbal se forma con el pasado del verbo (to) be (was o were)+ el verbo de la accin en gerundio (infinitivo+-ing). Ej: John was washing the dishes at eight o'clock last night. (John estaba lavando los platos a las ocho ayer por la noche). Forma negativa del Past Continous/Progressive: Sujeto+ Was not o wasn't/were not o weren't+ Verbo de la accin en gerundio+ Complementos . Ej.: John was not/wasn't washing the dishes at eight o'clock last night. Forma interrogativa del Past Continuous/Progressive: Was/were+Sujeto+Verbo de la accin en gerundio+ Complementos?.

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GUIA PARA SEXTO SEMESTRE TURNO VESPERTINO AUTOR. PROFESORA LINDA DEL ROCIO QUINTANA QUEZADA
Ej.: Was John washing the dishes at eight o'clock last night? 2.4.2.3.Present Perfect tense- Pretrito Perfecto: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que han tenido lugar en el pasado, pero en un pasado muy reciente. Este tiempo verbal se forma con el presente del verbo (to) have, has o have+el participio del verbo de la accin: Regular (Infinitivo+ed) o Irregular (tercera columna de la lista de verbos irregulares). Ej.: John has washed the dishes this morning. (John ha lavado los platos esta maana). Forma negativa del Present Perfect Tense: Sujeto+ has not o hasn't /have not o haven't + Verbo de la accin en participio+ Complementos. Ej.: John has not/ hasn't washed the dishes this morning. Forma interrogativa del Present Perfect Tense: Has/Have+ Sujeto+ Verbo de la accin en participio+ Complementos. Ej.: Has John washed the dishes this morning? 2.4.2.4.Past perfect tense-Pretrito pluscuamperfecto: Es un tiempo verbal que expresa acciones que han tenido lugar en el pasado, pero en un pasado menos reciente que el que se expresa en el Present Perfect. Es lo que se denomina el pasado del pasado (past in the past). Se forma con el verbo (to) have en pasado, had+ el participio del verbo de la accin: Regular (Infinitivo+ed) o Irregular (tercera columna de la lista de verbos irregulares). Ej: John had washed the dishes at two in the afternoon. (John haba lavado los platos a las dos de la tarde). Forma negativa del Past Perfect Tense: Sujeto+ had not/hadn't+ Verbo de la accin en participio+ Complementos. Ej.: John had not/hadn't washed the dishes at two in the afternoon. Forma interrogativa del Past Perfect Tense: Had+ Sujeto+ Verbo de la accin en participio+ Complementos.

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GUIA PARA SEXTO SEMESTRE TURNO VESPERTINO AUTOR. PROFESORA LINDA DEL ROCIO QUINTANA QUEZADA

. LEADING TO FIRST CERTIFICATE

Quin reconoce el FCE?

Muchas instituciones educativas aceptan el FCE como prueba de nivel de ingls y tambin empresas multinacionales como American Express, Siemens o Procter & Gamble.

Por qu hacer el FCE en el British Council?

Un milln de personas hacen sus exmenes con el British Council. En Espaa tenemos muchos aos de experiencia con el FCE y con otros ttulos de la Universidad de Cambridge. Proporcionamos ayuda para la preparacin del examen y un servicio profesional y eficiente para hacer que tu experiencia en el da del examen sea lo ms agradable posible.

En qu consiste el examen?
El FCE est dividido en cinco partes: Comprensin de textos Expresin escrita Gramtica Comprensin auditiva Expresin oral

What's in the exam?

Content Paper
Reading (1 hour) Writing 2 parts (1 hour 20 minutes) Use of English (45 minutes) 4 parts/42 3 parts/30

Marks (% of total)
Shows you can deal confidently with different types of text, such as 20% questions fiction, newspapers and magazines. Requires you to be able to produce two different pieces of writing, 20% such as letters, reports, reviews and short stories. Your use of English will be tested by tasks which show how well you 20% questions can control your grammar and vocabulary. Requires you to be able to follow and understand a range of spoken

Purpose

Listening (about 40 minutes)

4 parts/30 20% questions conversations. materials, such as news programmes, presentations and everyday

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GUIA PARA SEXTO SEMESTRE TURNO VESPERTINO AUTOR. PROFESORA LINDA DEL ROCIO QUINTANA QUEZADA
What's in the exam?
Content Paper Marks (% of total) Purpose

Speaking (14 minutes per pair of candidates) 4 parts 20%

Tests your ability to communicate effectively in face-to-face situations. You will take the Speaking test with one or two other candidates

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