FEDERAL

BUREAU OF

INVESTIGATION

FREEDOM OF

INFORMATION/PRIVACY ACTS
COVER SHEET

SECTION

SUBJECT: JackThe Ripper

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{"5
_ July

O
6, 1988

~ SERIES
1888

UNSUB; AKA JACK THERIPPER7

OF HOMICIDES
LONDON, ENGLAND

NCAVC HOMICIDE CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIVE ANALYSIS!

prepared Supervisory by for the Special Agent John E. Douglas, FBI National Center Analysis Violent of SSA! Crime NCAVC!, Program Manager of Criminal Investigative Analysis. At the request of Cosgrove-Meurer Productions, SSA Douglas was requested to prepare an analysis of a 100-yearold, unsolved serial murder case that occurred England. in C This historical case was known as' "Jack the Ripper."
relative toeach case; however, it is noted that forensic technology other and investigative techniques, we as know of today, were nonexistent a centuryago. Medical examiners
SSA Douglas was provided basic background information

The following criminal investigative analysis was

the reliability and validity of the overall analysis is hinged on the thoroughness displayed by the medical examiners, technicians, investigators, etc. Although materials provided were not as complete as casessubmitted today by much more sophisticated law enforcement agencies, SSA Douglas filled in the missing pieces of information by makingcertain probable assumptions.
This analysis will address the following areas: _ Victimology or profile of victims; medical examiner's crime and crime scene analysis; offender traits and findings;

sparingly, and police investigative reports not reflect the type of thoroughness evidenced today. _ do When a case is submitted for investigative analysis,

reports were incomplete, crime scene photography was used

characteristics;and pre-post-offense behavioral patterns; investigative and/or proactive techniques; and interview] interrogation suggestions.

Rather than address each homicide separately, SSA Douglas comments will relate to the entire series of homicides as a whole.

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VICTIMOLOGY

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place the victim in a "high risk" category. By "high risk," we as someone who is very likely to be the victim of violent crime. From aninvestigative perspective, this makes it extremely difficult in reference to developing logical suspects.
define this hairs and fibers,
From a forensic viewpoint, if

reputation of drinking

In each homicide, the

quite heavily.

victim was

These two ingredients

a prostitute

with a

certain if

this evidence did in fact come from the

prostitution was

semen, etc., law enforcement would not know for

any evidence is obtained

such as

subject.

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organized as it is today, where we have pimpscontrolling, monitoring, and protecting their stables. During the "Jack the Ripper" era, women worked independently. A femaleprostitute who drank heavily was looking for trouble. Wewould suspect that

One hundred years ago,

not as

there werenumerous instances of these women being physically

assaulted, raped, and ripped off.

I I

prostitutes targeted by Jack the Ripper werenearly twice the age of prostitutes soliciting today. They were not particularly
attractive and other than their age, there
similarities between them. It
25.!

Prostitutes 100 years ago did not dress differently at that time. In most cases, they performed their "services" in dark alleys or in "flop" houses. The

than other women

is noted that

were no

the last victim

striking

was

they were readily accessible. Jack the Ripper did not have to initiate the contact. This wasdone for him bythe prostitute. This is an important feature in a case such as this and will be addressed later on in this analysis under "Offender Traits and
Characteristics."

The "Jack the Ripper" victims were targeted because

MEDICAL EXAMINATION
As stated earlier, examinations conducted today by

i
the medical examinations conducted experienced forensic this analysis
assault. &#39;

at that time were not verythorough when compared to autopsy

The primary areas noted in
l. No evidence of sexual

.pathologists. However, even in some parts of the United states today, autopsy examinations aresomething lessthan desired.
follows:
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were as

2. Subject
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killed victims
_2_

swiftly.

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3. Subject

.victims during the initial "blitz

of attack.

was able to maintain

control of

style"

-4.

Subject removed body organsi.e., kidney, vagina, nose!on some of the victims, indicating
some anatomical knowledge.

5. No evidence of physical torture

.

prior to

death.

6. Postmortem .

mutilation.

7. Possible
areas. _

manual strangulation.

8." Blood from victims was concentrated in small

9.

Rings were taken from one ofthe victims. p

10. The last victim was killed indoors and was the most mutilated. Subject spent a considerable
amount of time at the scene.

ll. Time of death was in the early morning hours.

the overall offender analysis that will be this report.

CRIME ANDCRIME SCENE ANALYSIS

The abovelisted autopsy findings will contribute

addressed later on in
all victims were

to

serial crimes. This triangularconfigurationis viewed as a - secondary comfort zone for the Ripper. This movement is caused

configuration is formed. Thisis observed in other types of

and occurred either on Friday, Saturday, or Sunday during early morning hours. After thefirst homicide at Whitechapel Station, the subject moved slightly across town onefourth of a mile!. If a line is drawn from crime scenes 2, 3, 4, and 5, a triangular

killed outdoors. All victims were killed swiftly, with the victims consequently receiving postmortem mutilation. All homicides occurred within onefourth of a mile fromeach other

with the exception of the last case,

crimes of Jack the Ripper.

or for some reason were notconsidered by authorities to be

when subject a believes that the investigation is heating up in his primary comfort zone. The primary comfort zone would be the location ofthe first homicide in the vicinity of Whitechapel station. It is the opinion of this crimeanalyst that there were other attacks in the Whitechapel area that either went unreported

-3-

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and behavioral scientists have

written in the past that subjects will maintain their modus operandi and that is what links socalled "signature crimes."

Some criminologists

This conclusion is incorrect.

are expressed in the

behavior. However,the personaldesires andneeds ofthe subject

something that he must always do because it is the acting out of the fantasy. With Jack the Ripper, the target selection, the
may becomemore elaborate as*was in the last homicide case. Here, the Ripper had time to act out his fantasies. As
ritual aspect of a crime. The ritual is

operandi as he gains additional experience.

A subject will change his modus

This is learned

operandi. What takes place after this

approach, the

method of his initial

attack, are

is the ritual. The

his modus

ritual

homicides in the future, particularly if

out all
as advanced.

investigators, we should notnecessarily expect the same type of

subsequent victimsare
will not of his fantasies and consequently mutilation be

killed outdoors. Once again, he would not have the time to carry
COMMUNIQUES ALLEGEDLY RECEIVED FROM THE RIPPER

comuniques allegedly received from Jack theRipper. It is quite rare when a serial murderer of this type communicates with police, media,family, etc. When they do communicate, they
heinous crime. It is my opinion that this series of homicides was not perpetrated by someone who set up a challenge against law enforcement. While the killer knew he would bereceiving national as well as international publicity, this was not his &#39;

Another aspect of this

case worth mentioning was the

generally providespecifics relative to the crime that only are known by the subject. ,In addition, they generally provide information relative to their motivation for committing such a

primary motivation.

during this investigation. However, Iwould develop an investigative techniquewith the goal in mind to identify the
author of the communiques. ,
OFFENDER &#39;IRAITS AND CHARACTERISTICS

In summary,Iwould not put emphasis on the communiques

These homicides are referredto as Lust Murders.Roy Hazelwood and Iwrote an article several years ago which appeared vaginal area and
mean loveor have any sexual meaning, other than the fact that the subject attacks the genital areas of his victims. The
and the penis and scrotum are the attack area of the male

in the FBI&#39;s Enforcement Law Bulletin. The word "lust" does nor

breasts are the focal point

of attack in a woman

victims that were involved in a homosexual relationship.

-4-.-

offender. Generally,

males who are attacked in this fashion are

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have never experienced a female serial

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lust murderer

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either in research or in cases received at the NCAVC.It is for this reason that Jack the Ripper was a male. He was of white race in view of the fact that white was the predominant raceat the crime scene locations, and generally crimes such as these are
intraracial. . .

generally betweenthe mid to late 20&#39;s. Based upon the high degree ofpsychopathology exhibited at the scene, theability of the subject to converse with the victim until a suitable location the age bracket of 38 to 36 years of age. However,it should be noted that age is a difficult characteristic to categorize and
because of

The age of onset

for these

types of

homicides

is

is found, and the ability toavoid detection, places him between

age. *

consequently we would noteliminate a viable suspectexclusively

- This offender does not look out of the ordinary.
contact.

However, the clothing he wears at the time of the assaults is

from initiating

his everydaydress. He wants to project to unsuspecting females

prostitutes! that he has money;consequently this relieves him In
He comesfrom a family where he was raised by a he failed

not

domineering mother and weak,passive and/or absent father.

of many men. As a result,

all likelihood, his mother drank

heavily and enjoyed the company

to receive consistent care

fires and torturing small animals. Byperpetrating these acts, he discovered increased areas of dominance, power and control,
detection or

and contactwith stable adult role models. Consequently, he became detached socially and developed adiminished emotional response towards his fellow man. Hebecame asocial, preferring to be alone. His anger became internalized and in his younger years, he expressed his pent-up destructiveemotions by setting
and learned how to continue violent
punishment.

destructive acts

without

women. We would expect to find as drawings of women being

component that included domination, cruelty, and

evidence of mutilated.

As he grew older, his fantasy developed astrong

this violent

mutilation of

destructive fantasy life through personal writingsof his as well

For employment, he would seek a position where he could work alone and vicariously experience his destructive fantasies. helper, medical examiner&#39;s assistant, or hospital attendant. He is employed Monday through Friday and on Friday night, Saturday, and Sunday is off from work. He hascarried a knife for defense
-5-

such employment would include work as a butcher, mortician&#39;s

purposes--just in case he was ever attacked, he would be ready.

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physical illness,

weight. May have problems with speech, scarred complexion, or injury.

We would not expectthis type of offender to be

This paranoid-type of thinking is in part justified because of the poor self-image he has of himself. He would be expected to have some type of physical abnormality. However, although not severe, he perceives this as being psychologically crippling. We would look for someone below or above average in height and/or

married. If he was married in the past, it would have been to

short duration.

someone older than himself and the marriage would have been for a ~
He is not adeptin meeting people socially and the

92

hatred and disgust for women.

conversation. He lives or

he may have been infected. If infected, this would further fuel his

prostitutes. to lackof treatment hygiene by prostitutes at that time andDue the absence of practices for venereal disease,

major extent of his heterosexual relationships would be with

" "&#39; He would be perceived as being quiet, a loner, shy, slightly withdrawn, obedient, and neat and orderly in appearance and when working. He drinks inthe localpubs and after a few spirits, he becomes more relaxed and finds it easier to engage in
works inthe Whitechapel area. The

workplace. It is noted that London Hospitalis only one block

first homicide should be in close proximity to either hishome or

police on several occasions. Unfortunately this at time, there was no way to correlate thistype ofinformation; therefore,

course of the investigation and he was probably talked to by

we would expect other violent crimesin this vicinity. Investigators would have interviewed him during the

from the first homicide and as stated earlier in this analysis,

he was overlooked. Investigators and citizens inthe community

a preconceived idea orpicture ofwhat Jack the Ripper would had

look like. Because of the belief that he would appear odd or ghoulish in appearance, he was overlooked and/or eliminateda potential as suspect.
PRE ANDPOSTOFFENSE BEHAVIOR
pub drinking spirits, whileat the same time lowering his inhibitions. Hewould be observed walking all over the Whitechapel area during the early evening hours. He did not specifically seek a certain lookin a woman; however, it was no accident that he killed prostitutes.He had the sense to by when and where to attack his victims. There would have been

Prior to each homicide, the subject was ina local

know

many

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other womenwho confronted Jack the Ripper and were not assaulted because the location was not secure enough.
&#39; Post~offense behavior would-

area wherehe could wash his hands of blood and

police investigation
clothing. We

include returning
remove his

to an into the

would not expect him to inject himself

or provide bogus information. &#39;

morning hoursfor the purpose of reliving his

killed his previous victims. If the victims were buried locally, he would visit the gravesites ofhis victims during theearly
lust murders.

he could not find another, he returned to the locations where he

Jack the Ripper hunted nightly for

his victims.

when

it is because hecame closeto being identified, was interviewed by police, or was arrested for some othertype of offense. As stated previously in this report, we would be surprised if Jack the Ripper would suddenly stop. However, we&#39;ve this seen happen before and generally it has been because of the abovestated
reasons. V &#39;

the last homicide. Generally, when crimes such asthese cease,

Jack the Ripper would not have committed suicide after

INVESTIGATIVE ANDZOR PROSECUTIVE TECHNIQUES

during the early morning hours. He would feel more relaxed and

Jack the Ripper would be best suited to be interviewed He would feel more relaxed

to express himself bywriting abouthis motivationfor killing the women. He would not bevisibly shaken or upset if directly accused of the homicides.However, he would be psychologically and physiologically stressed if confronted with the fact that he became personally soiled bythe victims blood. Jack the Ripper believed the homicides were justified
perishable items--who were like garbage.
and he was only removing

secure to confess to the homicides.

SSA John

this analysis

This analysis was preparedfor the exclusive use of CosgroveMeurer Productions, Inc. Any reproduction or use of
E. Douglas.

for publication must have the written consent of

_7_

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