CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3.

0 Introduction The aims of this research are to identify the contribution of GSPs towards business growth among SMEs in Malacca. In this chapter, the research design components of this research were outlined. Besides, this chapter discusses how the work was carried out to meet the researchs aims and objectives and discusses the choices of methodology. The purposes of research can be categorized as exploratory, descriptive and explanatory (Robson, 2011:39; Saunders et al., 2009: 139-140). An exploratory study can be described as finding out what is happening, and asking questions and assessing phenomena in a new light; a descriptive study can be described as portraying an accurate profile of persons, events or situations; and an explanatory study can be described as establishing causal relationships between variables. The practical methods used in order to answer the research question and fulfill the purpose of this research are presented. 3.1 Research Design The research design is the backbone of any research work. It describes each of the research components and how they are incorporated and linked together in the process. There are many arguments about the correct research design approach, but the quality of research design relates to the overall logic of the research and the coherency of its components. This is where the influential factors in the research design are important and critical, which will be explained later in this chapter. The research design is important to ensure that the evidence obtained enables the researcher to answer the initial question as unambiguously as possible (Aaker et al., 2011).
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Besides, a research design provides the basic directions or recipe in carrying out the project. Following the principle of parsimony, the researcher should choose a design that (1) will provide relevant information on the research questions/hypotheses, and (2) will complete the job most efficiently (Sober, 1981). A research design expresses both the structure of the research problem and the plan of investigation used to obtain empirical evidence in relation to the research problems (Bakers, 1995). Furthermore, the research design is the overall plan for relating the conceptual research problem to relevant and practicable empirical research. In other words, the research design provides a plan or a framework for data collection and its analysis. It reveals the type of research of research and the priorities of the researcher. The research methods, on the other hand, refer to the techniques used to collect data. The type and quality of empirical research are greatly influenced by the underlying research design (Gahuri and Gronhaug, 2005). According to Singleton and Straits (1999) .. all research begins with the selection of a problem. The problem that has been identified in Chapter 1 (page 5-8) of the thesis is despite the fact that there are strong GSPs; SMEs are still facing difficulty in their business operations. Although, several SMEs have been acknowledged by the government as well as private agencies for their achievement and excellent performance, they represent only a small portion of the total number of SMEs in the country. The objective of this research is to study the various dimensions of GSPs and gather data involving the population of the study, therefore a quantitative approached is deemed appropriate. In addition, the research design chosen for this research will be descriptive study. Descriptive study is undertaken in order to ascertain and be able to describe the characteristics of

the variables of interest in a situation. Moreover, the goal of a descriptive study, therefore, is to offer to the researcher a profile or to describe relevant aspects of the phenomenon of interest from an individual, organizational, industry-oriented, or other perspective (Sekaran and Bougie, 2010). The goal of this descriptive study is to describe the most important determinant factor of improving growth in SMEs firm based on GSPs on financial assistance, training assistance, and marketing assistance. Further, hypotheses developed will be test to enhance the understanding of relationship that exists among all independent variables and dependent variable. Besides, descriptive studies thus become essential in many situations. Whereas qualitative data obtained by interviewing individuals may help the understanding of phenomena at the exploratory stages of a study, quantitative data in terms of frequencies, or mean and standard deviations, become necessary for descriptive studies (Sekaran and Bougie, 2010). The data included in this research using two types of techniques, namely primary data and secondary data. Primary data collected through self-administered questionnaire, follow-up correspondence is able to be carried out using several relatively inexpensive and less time consuming means, such as snail mails, faxes and telephone calls. According to (Sekaran and Bougie, 2010), primary data apart from the individuals who provide information when interviewed, administered questionnaires as a focus group for primary data. Besides, according to (Sekaran and Bougie, 2010), primary data refers to firsthand information obtained by the researcher of the variable interest for the specific purpose of study. The main advantage of primary data is filling in the blanks where secondary data was not readily available to do so. Primary data also provided us a more accurate and reliable source of information as the collection of the data is especially customized for this research needs.

To obtain first hand data for the analysis of this research, focus was given on gathering primary data from firm perspectives. Primary data is collected from firms feedback and responses upon the questions developed in the given questionnaire. From here, GSPs towards the business growth are known and data collected was used for testing hypotheses stated in the previous section. Furthermore, this method is perceived as the most appropriate as it will allows for a large sample spread over a wide area to be surveyed where they are a relative quick way of receiving quick responses. The respondents for this research include owner- manager, top management, senior management and middle management within the state of Malacca. Secondary data are indispensable for most organizational research and referred to information gathered by someone other than the researcher conducting the current study (Sekaran and Bougie, 2010). The data can be internal or external to the organization and accessed through the internet or perusal of recorder or published information such as journal articles and books. Some various government publications, such as Malaysian Progress 20092010, and related information from various government agencies official websites are collected in order to obtain data. Secondary data collected will benefit tremendously in the pursuit of clarifying the definition of the research problem and providing necessary information in order to build the credibility of this research. In addition, before proceeding to collect necessary field data to complete this research, widespread range useful information was collected, that already existed in the form of secondary data. Sources of secondary data, which were used during the conduct of this research was:

a) University Library search involves basic skill of searching on published sources such as periodical journals, books, magazines, and newspapers and which are found relevant to the project paper topic. b) Online database search, involving the use of key words on the Internet, such publishers journal online are: Emerald Insight (URL: http://www.emeraldinsight.com), Science Direct (URL: www.sciencedirect.com), and Proquest (URL: http://proquest.umi.com) searched for relevant literatures, news, and also statistics. The secondary data collected was benefited tremendously in the sense of clarifying the definition of this research problem and providing necessary information to build the credibility of this project. Yet, thorough examination of secondary data was help to define the boundaries of primary research in a more precise way. Valuable resources such as time and cost be saved and inconvenience of collecting primary data could be avoided. The post-modernist paradigms are more subjective in nature, with constructed meaning or interpretation having more value than measurement and hence are not generally considered appropriate for survey or experimental research (Perry, Riege, & Brown, 1999). The postpositivist paradigm is suitable for both qualitative and quantitative research and is the perspective adopted by the researcher in this study (Chung & Alagaratnam, 2001; Lincoln & Guba, 2000). Model-based quantitative research refers to the research where models of causal relationship between control variables and performance variables is developed, analyzed or tested (Bertrand and Fransoo, 2002). Generally, quantitative research supported by the positivist or scientific paradigm, leads us to regard the world as made up of observable, measurable facts though their assumption that social facts have an objective reality and
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variables can be identified and relationships measured is problematic. The notion of measuring means to understand such an issue by performing an operation called measurement on the physical world by the observer. In addition, there is evidenced that the language of the questionnaire affects the way respondents answer the same question which argues against the use of singe language surveying (Harzing and Maznevski, 2002). 3.2 The Underlying Research Hypotheses To demonstrate systematically the research question in Section 1.4, a list of hypotheses has been prepared. Generally, hypotheses are derived from the theory on which theoretical framework is based and are often relationship in nature. This hypotheses can be a relationships between two or more variables expressed in the form of testable statements. By testing the hypotheses and confirming the conjectured relationships, it is expected that solutions can be found to correct the problem encountered. The hypotheses in this research are: H1: There will be a significant positive correlation between the dimensions of GSPs to business growth. H2: GSPs on financial assistance positively affect business growth. H3: GSPs on training assistance positively affect business growth. H4: GSPs on marketing assistance positively affect business growth.

3.3

Population and Sample 3.3.1 Population The levels of analysis for this research are SMEs within the states of Malacca. This

population is based on the SME Corporation Malaysia progress updates released at the time of research undertaken for the purpose of this research. It had been taken from the SME Corporation Malaysias official website at http://www.smecorp.gov.my/v4/node/7. The total number of SMEs within the states of Malacca is 1615 and the GSPs that are utilized by SMEs in Malacca are only 320. Therefore, the total population for the purpose of this research is identified as 320. The process of data collection has been scheduled to commence in early May, 2012. The researcher contacted the SMEs officials to request for the database of the related information of firms for data collection purpose. In complying with the researchers request, the database, in the form of an Excel file, was prepared and researcher got it by hand from the respective officials. The database contains the firms information, such as firm addresses, contact persons, and business activities on a cut-off date of 10 April 2012. The SMEs business activities include, but are not limited to, distribution, trade, wholesaler and retailer; electrical, electronic and telecommunication; food and beverages; metal product; transport equipment; machinery and engineering; business and professional services. 3.3.2 Sample The research samples for this research are SMEs in the States of Malacca. The sample size should be sufficient for the research to explore the significant level of independent and dependent variables. The rule of thumbs for determining sample size as proposed by Roscoe (1975 in Sekaran, 2005) is the sample sizes larger than 30 and less than 500 are most

appropriate for most research. For this research, a total of 320 companies are selected based on the SMEs database in Malacca as respondents and consider most appropriate and relevant for the significance of the statistical analysis. As a general rule suggested by Hair et al. (1998), the minimum sample size is to have at least five times as many observations as there are variables to be analyzed. According to Krejcie (1970) if population is 320 the sample size will be 175. In this research, 28 indicators to be tested and resulted minimum sample size are 175. 3.3.3 Sampling Procedure The target respondents for answer the questionnaires were Malacca SMEs that utilized the GSPs. The sample was selected in all categories such as SMEs that given by SME Corporation Malaysia progress updates. For the purpose of this research, purposive sampling was used to select the respondents because due to resource constraint, this was more practical. Purposive sampling (also known as judgmental sampling) method has been used in this research which means enables the researcher to use her judgment to select cases that will best answer the research question (Saunders et al., 2009). Purposive sampling targets a particular group of people. When the desired population for the study is small or very difficult to locate and recruit for a study, purposive sampling may be the only option (Saunders et al., 2009; Aaker et al., 2011). Purposive sampling involves targeting a particular group because it is that group the researcher is interested in. The sample suitable for conducting this study is 175 respondents. In order to select the sample, cluster sampling has been used in this study where every respondents of SMEs firms all districts in Malacca have a equal opportunity of being picked, thus preventing bias from the researcher. The districts in Malacca consist of Malacca Tengah, Alor Gajah and Jasin. Questionnaires have been sent to all districts.

3.4

Survey Instrumentation In order to obtain primary data, questionnaire will be used as survey instrument. The

survey instrument is in the form of written questionnaires in order to obtain information from target respondents. Written questionnaires are the most common form of data collection in entrepreneurship and small business research (Bartholomew and Smith, 2006; Blatt and Camden, 2006). Besides, there are advantages and disadvantages using the questionnaires as survey instruments. The advantages are the ability to cover a wider range area as it is cost-effective where responses are based on the respondents convenience, no interview bias and greater assurance of anonymity. However, using questionnaires also lead to low response rate, questions may remain unanswered and there are no control over the date of responses (Sekaran and Bougie, 2010). It is preferable to use measurement scales or research instruments that have been validated by previous research rather than developing new items of questionnaire (Wiklund 1998; Majid 2006). This is because existing variables and measurements scales have already been tested in terms of the reliability and validity for each item of variables. The questionnaire will be prepared in English and Malay language to have better feedback as the respondents come from various education backgrounds. In addition, a set of Likert scale questions was developed for questionnaire in order to obtain detail data under GSPs on financial assistance, training assistance, and marketing assistance towards SMEs business growth. These data was assisting in identifying the level of business growth for SMEs firms. The questionnaire was based on Likert scale of general five-point measurement ranging from (1) Strongly Disagree to (5) Strongly Agree. A questionnaire should not be long and

complicated (Greenfield, 1996), thus the researcher has developed relevant and simple questions with a choices of answers to understand by the respondent. The respondent can express their level of satisfaction in the question given. Overall, the questionnaire is divided into four sections present in Table 3.1 consists of Background of the Firm, Basic Knowledge of GSPs, Types of GSPs such as financial assistance, training assistance, and marketing assistance, and Rate of Business Growth. All the questions are consisting of 35 items of questions. A five point Likert Scale was used to collect the response because it will help in obtaining standardized answer for analysis purpose and the respondents have to answer all questions.

Table 3.1: Structure of the Research Instrument. Sections 1 2 3 Background of the Firm Basic Knowledge of GSPs Types of GSPs 3.1 Financial Assistance 3.2 Training Assistance 3.3 Marketing Assistance 4 Rate of Business Growth Total Category No. of Items 7 8 5 8 6 1 35

3.4.1

Section 1: Background of the Firm

In the section 1, the researcher focuses on background of the firm consists of 7questions. A few questions as your position in firm, status of the company, type of industry in which your firm is involved, which best describes the ownership of your industry, annual sales/ revenues, rate of business growth, and the source of your business funding. In addition, questions in this
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section are needed to gain an overview of the background of the respondents. There were various sizes of SMEs firm such as small, medium and enterprises based on SMIDEC definition. Moreover, every SMEs firm has a different number of employees. It is essential to know the characteristics of each respondent, as only suitable respondents, that are SMEs who involved with GSPs, would be asked for information. The respondents need to tick only one in the box provided representing the most appropriate responses about them. 3.4.2 Section 2: Basic Knowledge of GSPs

In this section, all the questions are regarding to the basic knowledge of the GSPs. It is to know the firm of SMEs rely the knowledge of GSPs. GSPs are referring to the meaning or definitions of the GSPs itself to educate a respondent to know the questions understanding. There are 8 items in this section which used five-point Likert Scales ranging from 1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree. Basic knowledge of GSPs was measured using eight items that were developed based on previous studies. The first question is about examines whether their firm is preferable with the tax policy (Zainol & Daud, 2011). The second item examines whether their firm is easy to finds access to start up capital (Zainol & Daud, 2011). The third item examines whether GSPs providing guarantee to the legal right and interest of investors and entrepreneurs (Zainol & Daud, 2011). The fourth item was developed to examine the current labour institutions are advantageous for firm to attract and retain person with ability (Zainol & Daud, 2011). The Fifth item examines whether the GSPs providing a good education and training condition offered by training and R&D institutes (Zainol & Daud, 2011). The sixth item examines whether the government departments/agencies offer plenty and clear policy information to firm (Zainol & Daud, 2011). The seventh item examines whether the firm could get money from other non-

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bank financial sources (Zainol & Daud, 2011). The final item was developed to examine whether the GSPs providing a lot of information, knowledge and technology from training and R&D institutes to firm (Zainol & Daud, 2011). Table 3.2 summarizes the seven items measuring resource availability. The respondents need to tick only one in the box provided representing the most appropriate responses about the GSPs.

Table 3.2 Items Measuring Basic Knowledge of GSPs No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Items Suitable for firms tax policy. An easy access to start up capital. Providing guarantee to the legal right and interest of investors and entrepreneurs. An advantage to attract and retain person with ability in the current labor institutions. Providing a good education and training condition offered by training and R&D institutes. Offering plenty and clear policy information from the government departments/agencies. A source of help for the business to secure money from other non-bank financial sources. Providing a lot of information, knowledge and technology from training and R&D institutes to firm. 3.4.3 Section 3: Types of GSPs Source Zainol & Daud, 2011 Zainol & Daud, 2011 Zainol & Daud, 2011 Zainol & Daud, 2011 Zainol & Daud, 2011 Zainol & Daud, 2011 Zainol & Daud, 2011 Zainol & Daud, 2011

In this section, all the questions are regarding to the types of GSPs as independent variables and divided by 3 categories such as financial assistance, training assistance and marketing assistance. There are 19 items in this section which used five-point Likert Scales ranging from 1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree. This section the researcher wants to study the various dimensions of GSPs consists of financial assistance, training assistance and marketing assistance that will be contributing to business growth.

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Types of GSPs were measured using three dimensions: financial assistance, training assistance and marketing assistance. Table 3.4 summarizes the dimensions and items measuring types of GSPs. The respondents need to tick only one in the box provided representing the most appropriate responses about the types of GSPs. Financial Assistance Financial assistance was measured using five items that were developed based on literature and these five items were adapted from BNM, 2006. These five items is the funds and schemes that have various objective created by government. Respondents were asked to rate all these five items based on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree.

Training Assistance Training assistance was measured using eight items that were developed based on literature and these eight items were adapted from Cole, 2002. Study by Cole, 2002 training can achieve such as (1) high morale, (2) lower cost of production, (3) lower turnover, (4) change management, (5) provide recognition, (6) give a feeling of personal satisfaction and achievement, and broaden opportunities for career progression; and (7) help to improve the availability and quality of staff. Respondents were asked to rate all these eight items based on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree. Marketing Assistance Marketing assistance was measured using six items that were developed based on literature. The first question is about characteristics of traditional marketing and upgrades them

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by focusing on the relationship with the client as one the crucial aspects (Berkowitz, et. al., 1997). The second question is about marketing is an organizational function and a set of process for creating, communicating and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders (Peter, 1995). The third item is about the managing the relationship with the client, understanding the clients needs, knowing the clients buying habits, are all activities within the marketing process, but they must be understood as one more piece of the marketing machine and a source of information that must be shared with the whole organization (Berkowitz, et. al., 1997). The fourth item was developed from Peter, 1995 that marketing is an organizational function and a set of process for creating, communicating and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders. The Fifth item is about coping with exchange processes calls for a considerable amount of work and skill. Marketing management takes place when at least one party to a potential exchange thinks about the means of achieving desired responses from other parties (Kotler, et. al, 2009). The final item is about managing the relationship with the client, understanding the clients needs, knowing the clients buying habits, are all activities within the marketing process, but they must be understood as one more piece of the marketing machine and a source of information that must be shared with the whole organization (Zainol & Wan, 2011). Respondents were asked to rate all these six items based on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree. Table 3.3 Items Measuring Types of GSPs No Items Financial Assistance 1 Improve product quality. 2 Stimulates the development of Bumiputra SMEs. 3 Assist youth especially graduates to undertake business Source BNM, 2006 BNM, 2006 BNM, 2006
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4 5

venture. Assist SMEs to conduct market and technology feasibility studies, preparing business plan and formulate domestic and export market strategies. Encourage SMEs to be innovative in using and adapting the existing and new technologies and processes.

BNM, 2006 BNM, 2006

Training Assistance 1 Help to improve the quality of staff. 2 Increase confidence and motivation of company. 3 Provide the skills and abilities needed to adjust to new situations. 4 Provide recognition; enhance responsibility and the possibility of increasing wages and promotions. 5 Give the feeling of personal satisfaction and achievement, and broadens opportunities for career progression. 6 Bring a sense of security at the workplace which reduces labor turnover and absenteeism. 7 Eliminate risks because trained personnel are able to make better and economic use of material and equipment thereby reducing and avoiding waste. 8 Help to manage change by increasing the understanding and involvement of employees in the change process. Marketing Assistance 1 Is crucial to the success of business. 2 3 4 5 6 Will improve the selling environment. Is a source of information and sharing. Builds strong customer relationships and creates value. Satisfies needs and wants through an exchange process. Helps the enterprise identify and target potential clients.

Cole, 2002 Cole, 2002 Cole, 2002 Cole, 2002 Cole, 2002 Cole, 2002 Cole, 2002 Cole, 2002 Berkowitz, et. al., 1997 Peter 1995 Berkowitz, et. al., 1997 Peter 1995 Kotler, et. al, 2009 Berkowitz, et. al., 1997

3.4.4

Section 4: Rate of Business Growth

Last part of this section is about the rate of business growth as a dependent variable. There are 1 item in this section which used five-point Likert Scales ranging from 1 = Strongly Disagree to 5 = Strongly Agree. This section the researcher wants to analyze the relationship between GSPs and business growth.

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The respondents need to tick only one in the box provided representing the most appropriate responses about the rate of business growth.

Table 3.5 Items Measuring the Rate of Business Growth No 1 2 3 Items Less than 16% per year 16% to 25% per year Over 25% per year The feedback received from the respondents may represent the whole picture on the types of GSPs that contribute to the business growth under SMEs firms (please refer to Appendix to view the sample of questionnaires). 3.5 Reliability and Validity The validity and reliability of the modified instrument were assessed as to determine its accuracy. These two concepts are extremely important in judging the value and quality of the instrument (Wallen, 1974). Validity is the degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure. It concerns the appropriateness of the inferences that can be made on the basis of test results. According to Ary et al. (1996), the validity of an instrument is the extent to which it measures what one thinks it is measuring and it is always specific to the particular purpose for which the instrument is being used. Although the research instruments used in this research have been adapted from the existing questionnaire from the literature on basic knowledge of GSPs, it is imperative that the researcher perform a test of reliability on the survey. This is done in much the same manner that has been used by previous respective researchers. It is reasonable to assume that Cronbachs reliability coefficient for this construct would differ with existing study in the literature. It is

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intention of this study to confirm with the guideline set by Nunnally (1978), where, for exploratory research, the acceptable level of reliability should be 0.7 and above. Validity ensures that the measure includes an adequate and representative set of items that tap the concept. The more the scale items represent the domain or universe of the concept being measured, the greater the content validity. On the other hand, content validity is a function of how well the dimensions and elements of a concept have been delineated (Sekaran and Bougie, 2010). The content validity is established by evaluating the following factors, which are in terms of the appropriateness of the types of items included, the completeness of the item sample, the way in which the items assess the content and the appropriateness of the language discourse of the item sample. 3.6 Process of Data Collection The questionnaires were sent to 175 selected SMEs firms in Malacca. The data collection was conducted in two phases: a pilot study phase and a questionnaires survey phase. A pilot study used to pretest the questionnaire. The data collection process for pilot test began on 11 April, 2012. The full scale research began on 1th May, 2012. The questionnaires were sent though email, fax, by hand and post to SMEs firms. The researcher used Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka letterheads and provided self-addressed, stamped envelopes for returning the questionnaires. The researcher spent about two and a half months for data collection. 3.6.1 The Pilot Test

Performing a pilot study is to develop, adapt, or check the feasibility of techniques, to determine the reliability of measures, and/ or to calculate how big the final sample needs to be. The data collection process for pilot test began on 11 April, 2012. A pilot test was conducted by

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sending the questionnaire booklet to 30 selected SMEs firms in Malacca by hand. As a result, the response rate is 100 per cent. Based on this research, each of the instruments was checked for content validity by reviewing for item appropriateness and relevance. Content validity is the degree to which a test measures an intended content area (Gay, 1985). Besides, the corrections will be made if necessary. The content validity ensures that the measures include an adequate and representative set of items that tap the concept. The more the scale items represent the domain or universe of the concept being measured, the greater the content validity. The content validity is established by evaluating several factors such as appropriateness, completeness, assessment and language of the item sample. Data collected from the pilot test will be using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19.0 to measure the internal consistency reliability of the instrument. As a result, the researcher conducted the analysis of reliability coefficient for each variable by using the coefficient alpha formula developed by Cronbachs Alpha. To obtain coefficient alpha, the researcher needs to calculate the average of the coefficients from all combination of split halves. Coefficient alpha ranges from 0 to 1. Acceptable levels of reliability depend on the purpose of the instrument. According to Nunnally (1978). Cronbachs Alpha above 0.70 is typically considered acceptable for the purpose of organizational research. 3.6.2 The Full Scale Research

The full scale research was conducted on 1th May, 2012. A total of 175 questionnaires were sent to the SMEs firms in Malacca. The districts in Malacca consist of Malacca Tengah, Alor Gajah, and Jasin. Questionnaires have been sent to all districts. The respondent lists for this full scale research was obtain form the database provided earlier by the SME Corporation Malaysia.
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3.7

Rate of Response Upon completion of the full scale research data collection process, the total number of

written questionnaires sent was 175. A total of 118 responses were received after two and a half months of the data collection process. The overall response rate of 118 returned questionnaires is 67.4 per cent. This response rate of 67.4 per cent can be considered acceptable as it was requested of owner-manager, top management, senior management, and middle management of the SMEs firms to complete the questionnaires. According to Alreck and Settle (1995) in Majid (2006), the response rate for postal questionnaires is rarely more than 30 per cent. The researcher determining sample size based on the rule of thumbs proposed by Roscoe (1975 in Sekaran, 2005) is the sample sizes larger than 30 and less than 500 are most appropriate for most research. Thus, a response rate of 118 or equivalent to 67.4 per cent as achieved in this research is be considered as acceptable for conduct the analysis. 3.8 Data Analysis This project paper has applied certain method in order to analyze the data collected. The method used was The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 19.0 will be used to tabulate the data gathered from the research questionnaire. It is also will use to test all the hypotheses formed to prove it significance. First of all, all the data will be measure in terms of central tendency of mean, mode, and median, and measures of dispersion in terms of range and standard deviation. In this research the researcher will used Frequency Distribution, Reliability Test, Descriptive Analysis, Correlations Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis.

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3.8.1 Frequency Distribution Frequency distribution explains extreme values as well as insights into the central tendency, variability and shape of underlying distribution. Frequency distribution also can be defined as a process of organizing a set of data is summarizing the number of times a particular value of a variable occurs. 3.8.2 Reliability Test The reliability of a measure is established by test for both consistencies indicate how well items measuring a concept hang together as a set. Cronbachs Alpha is a reliability coefficient that indicates how well the items in a set are positively correlated to one another. Cronbachs Alpha is computed in items of the average intercorrelations among the items measuring the concept. The closer Cronbachs Alpha is to 1, the higher the internal consistency reliability. Reliability tests whether the operations of a study can be repeated with the same results (Yin, 2003). Reliability was maintained by revealing every reference and every data source explicitly, and representing every equation and every process in models adopted in the study. 3.8.3 Correlations Analysis Beyond knowing the means and standards deviations of the dependent and independent variables, a Pearson correlation matrix will provide this information, that is, it will indicate the direction, strength, significance of the bivariative relationship of all the variables in the study. 3.8.4 Multiple Regression Analysis In multiple regressions two or more independent variables are applied to explain/predict the dependent variable. The purpose is to make the model more realistic, control for other

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variables, and explain more of the variance in the dependent variable (and thus to reduce residual). Regression analysis includes any techniques for modeling and analyzing several variables, when the focus is on the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. More specifically, regression analysis helps us understand how the typical value of the dependent variable changes when any one of the independent variables is varied, while the other independent variables are held fixed. Most commonly, regression analysis estimates the conditional expectation of the dependent variable given the independent variables that is, the average value of the dependent variable when the independent variables are held fixed. 3.9 Summary This chapter specifically outlined the research design, hypothesis testing, the target population and sampling procedures, research instrument and the process of data collection. In considering the various options regarding the research design and testing the hypothesis of this research, the researcher decide to employ the quantitative method. In particular, Chapter 4 will describe the findings and discussions and Chapter 5 will present the conclusions and recommendations.

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