MECHANICAL VENTILATION

Lecture by: Mohd Adib Ramli Taylors School of Architecture, Building, Design

BUILDING SERVICES (ARC2423)

Definition
the process of changing air in an enclosed space
Indoor air is withdrawn and replaced by fresh air

continuously

Fresh air is supplied by clean external source Process of supplying and/or removing air by means

of mechanical devices such as fans

INDOOR AIR OUT

FRESH AIR IN

Functions of mechanical ventilation

1.

Expel stale air containing water vapor, carbon dioxide, airborne chemicals and other pollutants. Draw in outside air, which presumably contains fewer pollutants and less water vapor. Distribute/circulate the outside air throughout the house.

2.

3.

Basic Ventilation System

Has two elements: fan & makeup air supply Fan: to pull stale air out generally in high moisture areas (kitchen, utility & bathrooms) Makeup air supply: outside air is delivered around the house The suction (negative pressure) created by the exhaust fan pulls air through the house from supply points to the pickup points

The importance of mechanical ventilation

preservation of O2 content this should be

maintained at approximately removal of CO2 control of humidity for human comfort prevention of heat concentrations from machinery, lighting and people prevention of condensation dispersal of concentrations of bacteria dilution and disposal of contaminants such as smoke, dust gases and body odors provisions of freshness as an alternative to the unreliable natural systems.

Comparison Between Natural & Mechanical Ventilation

Natural Ventilation Free Fresh air No maintenance No filter Mechanical Ventilation Controlled Positive ventilation all the time Maintenance cost Filter can be provided Predictable Can be controlled

Uncertain and unpredictable

Control limited

Types of mechanical ventilation system

Spot Ventilation Supply Extract Balance/Combination

The systems can be equipped with the following controls: twenty-four hour timers, interval timers, speed controllers, indoor air quality sensors and dehumidistats
Energy-Recovery Ventilation System

1) Spot Ventilation - Supply System

Mechanical inlet & natural extract

Boiler plant, factories

Outside air supply is provided by mechanical means in order to maintain positive pressure

Spot Ventilation - Extract System

natural inlet and

mechanical extract and bathrooms (hotels, hospitals), basement, attic, crawl space pressure on its inlet side, and this cause air inside the room to move towards the fan and the air is displaced by fresh air from outside the room

kitchen, internal toilet

the fan creates negative

Spot Ventilation - Extract System Commonly used devices: exhaust fan, surface mounted fan, remote mounted inline/multiport fan, ventilator

Surface mounted fan

Spot Ventilation - Extract System

Extract system in a toilet

Spot Ventilation - Extract System

Smoke extraction system (fire protection)

Spot Ventilation - Balance/ Combination System

Supply fresh air & extract

stale air using fan

Cinemas, theatres, sport

center, basement, attic, crawl space, etc.

Slight pressurization of the

air inside the building is achieved by using an extract fan smaller than inlet fan to prevent dust, draughts and noise

Spot Ventilation - Balance/ Combination System

It can supply fresh air & pick up stale air

from a multiple point House pressure - balanced

Heat Recovery & Energy-Recovery Ventilation System ( HRV & ERV)

Includes a heat exchanger, one or more fans to push air through the machine, and some controls. They are most cost-effective in climates with extreme winters or summers & less costeffective in mild climates During winter the heat exchanger will trap heat from the warm outgoing air The heat will be transferred to the cold incoming air thus less energy will be used on heater

Heat Recovery & Energy-Recovery Ventilation System ( HRV & ERV)

OUTDOOR AIR

INDOOR AIR

Components Involved in Mechanical Ventilation System:

Fan Filters Ductwork Fire dampers Diffusers A device for impelling air through inlet point or ducts, forming part of the distribution system

1) Fan

Purpose of Fan
To remove hot, humid and polluted air To bring in outdoor air to either cool the people (comfort ventilation) or cool the building at night (convection cooling) Circulate indoor air at those times when the indoor air is cooler than the outer air

Types of fan
1.

Propeller fan

2. Axial fan

3. Centrifugal fan

Propeller Fan
The main purpose is for free air discharge (wall or

window)

Commonly used without ducting (placed on wall)

Can remove large volume of air but not allowing air

to be force through long duct

Low cost of installation & quiet

Propeller fan
Usually found in

small/medium industrial buildings, toilets & kitchens

Axial Fan
The fan consists of an impeller with blades of

aerofoil section rotating inside a cylindrical casing parallel shaft

The air flows through the fans in a direction of Usually used in basement & tunnel

Air flow

Axial fan

Axial fan in a tunnel (above) and basement (right)

Centrifugal Fan Efficiently move large or small quantities of air over a wide range of pressure It consists of impeller which revolve inside a casing shaped like a scroll The direction of air moving through the inlet is 90 A base is required for the fan Usually used in basement & rooftop

2) Filter To sift the external air before releasing into the room To trap and prevent dust, smoke, bacteria, etc. from entering the room Different filter for different application/use Usually installed at the inlet grille

Filter

3) Ductwork

To channel outside air towards the room or the air from the room towards the outside

Usually in round or rectangular section

4) Fire Damper In occurrence of fire, to avoid the fire from spreading from one room to another Usually placed at compartment wall

Fire Damper

5) Grille and Diffuser Located at the edge of the ductwork where the air is released into the room

End of Part 1