Name : _____________________________ Chapter 4 Chemical Composition of the cell __________________________________________________________________________________________

WORKSHEET 4.2 : The Chemical Compound in the cell Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. 1. Inorganic Carbohydr ates The chemical compound in the cell

Score __ /__ ____

Water

Protein

Organic

____

Lipid 2. Organic compounds contain the element ______________. For example _________, _________, __________ and nucleic acids. 3. Inorganic compounds usually do not contain carbon atoms. For example ___________ [7 Marks] The Importance Of Organic Compounds Organic compounds Protein Made up of the ___, ___, ___ and ___ elements, most protein also contain S and P. 15% of protoplasm is made up of protein. Organic compounds Carbohydrates Contain __, ___ and ___ . The ratio of atom H to O is ______ Store in plant as _____________ Cellulose forms the _________ of plant cell. Importance Build new cells for ____________ and renew damaged tissues. Required in the synthesis of ___________, antibodies and hormones. Importance

Name : _____________________________ Chapter 4 Chemical Composition of the cell __________________________________________________________________________________________

A primary source of ____________

Store as ____________ in human and animals cell.

Lipids Contain ___, ____ and ___ Examples : fats, oil, waxes, phospholipids and steroids Act as a solvent for fat-soluble vitamin such as A, ___, ___, ___ ___________ a major constituent of the plasma membrane _____ prevent water loss in plants and infection by pathogens. Nucleic acids ___________ is a building block of nucleic acids. The structure of a nucleotide Phosphate group Nitrogenous group Store genetic material in the form of a code. Nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base, pentose sugar and a phosphate group. DNA A _____________ polynucleotide (double helix) Found in _________, __________ and ____________ Pentose group The genetic information is passed from the parent to the offspring RNA Two types of nucleic acid: a) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) b) ribonucleic acid (RNA) A ______________ of polynucleotide Found in _______________, _____________ and _____________ Copies the information carried by DNA for use in protein synthesis [31 Marks]

Name : _____________________________ Chapter 4 Chemical Composition of the cell __________________________________________________________________________________________

CHAPTER 4 : CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE CELL WORKSHEET 4.3 The importance of water in the cell SOLVENT

Score __ /__ ____

- Water is the universal _________ of many biological molecules because of the polarity its molecules

MEDIUM FOR BIOCHEMICAL REACTION

- Water acts as ____________for biochemical reaction.

MAINTAINING OSMOTIC BALANCE AND TUGIDITY

Moisture

- Water maintains the __________ balance between blood and interstitial fluid - In plants, the cell sap in the vacuole contain water. The cell becomes turgid and this _________ provides support to plants. LUBRICATION - _________ assists the movement of food substances in the intestinal tract. - Synovial fluid lubricates the joint to ease the movements at the joints.

- Water provides ___________ to the respiratory surface (alveolus) - This enables respiratory gases to dissolve in them before ____________ across the respiratory surface can occur.

TRANSPORT MEDIUM

- transport sugar, ________________ and respiratory gases. - Remove waste products from body such urea through urine and sweat.

MAINTAINING BODY TEMPERATURE

- Keep relatively constant body __________ for optimal enzymatic activities.

[10 Marks]

Name : _____________________________ Chapter 4 Chemical Composition of the cell __________________________________________________________________________________________

CARBOHYDRATES WORKSHEET 4.4 : Types of Carbohydrates

Score __ /__ ____

Fill in the blanks with the correct answer.

Types

Examples Glucose (plants and fruits)

Characteristics Taste ________ Water soluble ______________ Simplest carbohydrates Able to crystallize

Monosaccharides

Fructose (Sweet fruits and honey) Galactose

(________________) Maltose (Malt sugar)

Taste _______ Water soluble Reducing sugar except _______ Able to crystallize

Disaccharides

Sucrose (Cane sugar) ( Lactose ___________) Starch (plant) ___________ (animal) Cellulose (cell wall in plant)

Do not taste sweet ________ in water Do not crystallize

Polysaccharides

[7 Marks]

Name : _____________________________ Chapter 4 Chemical Composition of the cell __________________________________________________________________________________________

CARBOHYDRATES

Score __ /__ ____

WORKSHEET 4.5 : Formation and Breakdown of Disaccharides and Polysaccharides Fill in the blanks with the correct answer. CARBOHYDRATES Consist of

MONOSACCHARIDES

DISACCHARIDE

POLYSACCHARIDE

A ___________ of carbohydrates Examples: Glucose Fructose Galactose

Formed when two monomer are joined together by ________________ reaction. During this process, a molecule of ___________ is removed. Can be broken down into monosaccharide by __________________. The addition of water is needed. Examples: Maltose (Glucose + glucose) Sucrose (Glucose + fructose) Lactose (Glucose + galactose)

A polymer formed by ____________ with hundreds or thousand glucose monomers Examples: Starch Glycogen Cellulose Polysaccharides can be ___________ into smaller molecules through hydrolysis by adding dilute acids, boiling and enzymatic reaction.

[6 Marks]

Name : _____________________________ Chapter 4 Chemical Composition of the cell __________________________________________________________________________________________

PROTEINS WORKSHEET 4.6 : The elements in protein

Score __ /__ ____

1. Protein are organic molecules which made up of the elements ____________, ___________, __________ and hydrogen. Some protein also contain sulphur and phosphorus. 2. Protein are made up of monomer called __________________. 3. There are 20 types of amino acids in living cells. It can be divided into two groups the _____________ amino acids and the _______________ amino acids.

Can be _____________ by the body. They are derived from other Essential amino acids. There are 11 non-essential amino acids. A M I N O A C I D Example: Glycine, Alanine and Serine

_________ be synthesized by the body. Can be ________ from diet Animal protein contain all the essential amino acids. Non-essential They are called first class proteins Plant proteins do not contain all essential amino acids. They are called second class protein.

[9 Marks]

Name : _____________________________ Chapter 4 Chemical Composition of the cell __________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Complete the graphic organizer below.

Primary PROTEIN Tertiary

Type

Quaternary

Amino acid

[4 Marks]

Name : _____________________________ Chapter 4 Chemical Composition of the cell __________________________________________________________________________________________

PROTEINS WORKSHEET 4.7 : Structure of Proteins

Score __ /__ ____

1. One or more of polypeptides chains in a linear sequence or coiled can form _____________ molecules. 2. There are 4 levels of structure in proteins, depending on the sequences of __________ and the coil of the _________________ chains. Level of protein Structures

Information

Figure

Primary structure A _______ sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chains

Secondary structure

Polypeptide chains that is coiled to form ________________ or folded Into ___________________

Tertiary structure It refers to the way the helix chain or betapleated sheets are folded into threedimensional shape of a ______________.

Quaternary structure

It refers to the combination of two or more tertiary structure polypeptide chains to form one large and _________________ protein molecule, e.g : haemoglobin

[5 marks]

Name : _____________________________ Chapter 4 Chemical Composition of the cell __________________________________________________________________________________________

PROTEINS

Score __ /__ ____

WORKSHEET 4.8 : Formation and break down of dipeptides and polypeptides

1. When two amino acid molecules are joined together by a peptide bond through condensation, a ______________ is formed. 2. A water molecules is removed during the _________________ reaction.

3.

+ water

Amino acids

Peptide bond

4. Further condensation reactions can link more amino acids to form a _________________________ (more than 50 molecules of amino acids). 5. A dipeptide and polypeptide can be broken down into amino acids by means of _______________________.

hydrolysis

Polypeptide +

[6 Marks]

Name : _____________________________ Chapter 4 Chemical Composition of the cell __________________________________________________________________________________________

PROTEINS LIPIDS WORKSHEET 4.9 : The Element in Lipids Fill in the blanks with correct answer.

Score __ /__ ____

1. Lipids are organic compounds consist of ____________, ___________________ and _________________ like carbohydrates. 2. However, the ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms in one molecule of lipid is much higher than the 2 : 1 ratio in carbohydrates. (olive oil : C57H104O6). 3. Generally, lipids are insoluble in water but soluble in __________________ [4 marks] The main types of lipids Complete the graphic organizer below:

Oil

L I P I D S

Found on the _______ of epidermis of leaves, fruits and seeds and seeds and also in sebum

Phospholipids

Important component in the formation of __________________

Complex organic compounds which include chlolestrol and hormones (testosterone, estrogen and progesterone)

[5 marks]

Name : _____________________________ Chapter 4 Chemical Composition of the cell __________________________________________________________________________________________

LIPIDS WORKSHEET 4.10 : The Components of Fats and Oils

Score __ /__ ____

Fill in the blanks with correct answer. 1. Lipids which are solids at room temperature are called _____________________ 2. Lipids which are liquid at room temperature are called ________________________ 3. Each molecules of fat and oil consists of one molecule of _____________________ and three molecules of _____________________ 4. Fats and oils are called ____________________ because they are formed from three molecules of _______________________________ [6 marks] The formation and break down of fats and oils One molecule of glycerol + One molecule of triglyceride + water

3 molecules of fatty acids

[2 marks] Complete the table below : Comparison between Saturated fats and Unsaturated fat Saturated fats Characteristics Types of bond Unsaturated fat

______________have any double bonds between the carbon atom.

____________ double bond between carbon atom.

Condition at room _____________________ Contain cholesterol temperature Cholesterol level ___________________ Usually __________ contain cholesterol ______________ fats like butter Examples Vegetable oil like corn oil and palm oil [6 marks]

Name : _____________________________ Chapter 4 Chemical Composition of the cell __________________________________________________________________________________________

ENZYMES WORKSHEET 4.11 : The Role of Enzymes in Organisms

Score __ /__ ____

Fill in the blanks with the correct answers. Why are enzymes needed in life processes? 3. Many biochemical processes occur in a cell simultaneously at all times in a series of linked reactions. 4. Collectively, these biochemical reactions are called __________________.

Metabolism

Anabolism

Anabolism

Metabolic reaction that _________ complex molecules

Metabolic reaction that ______ down complex molecules

5. Enzymes are ________________ which can speed up biochemical reaction in the cell without themselves being changed at the end of the process. 6. Enzymes are synthesized by living organism to ______________ and speed up biochemical reaction in the cells. [5 marks]

Name : _____________________________ Chapter 4 Chemical Composition of the cell __________________________________________________________________________________________

ENZYMES WORKSHEET 4.12 : General Characteristic of Enzymes

Score __ /__ ____

Complete the blanks with the suitable answers.

C H A R A C T E R I S T I C O F E N Z Y M E S

Sensitive to T_________

The _________ temperature is the temperature at which an enzyme catalyses a reaction at the maximum rate (37oC).

Sensitive to ____

At high temperature, the enzyme will ________________________

The ____________ is the pH at which the rate of reaction is at maximum. Specific Biological catalyst ____________ the rate of chemical reaction Remain _____________ at the end of the reaction.
Needed in small amounts

Affected by

___________ concentration

___________ concentration

[9 marks]

4.12/1

Name : _____________________________ Chapter 4 Chemical Composition of the cell __________________________________________________________________________________________

ENZYMES

WORKSHEET 4.13 : The mechanism of enzyme action (Lock and key hypothesis)

Score __ /__ ____

Fill in the blanks with the correct answer Active site

Enzyme has an __________________ The active site has a fixed shape that ___________________ to its substrate. That is why enzymes are highly ____________

The substrate molecule binds to the active site to form an _____________________________

enzyme-substrate complex

Enzyme catalyses the substrate to form ______________________________. The enzyme molecule now is free to _______________ to more substrate. The hypothesis for enzyme reaction is called lock and key hypothesis.

[6 marks]