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Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
1- Design of two way slab : a. ACI Direct Design Method . b. Equivalent Frame Method. c. Yield Line Theory . 2- Deflection and control of two way slab . 3- Shear of two way slab . 4- Prestressed of simply supported R.C beams .
References :
Design of concrete structures. By : Arthur H. Nilson .
Dr.Laith Sh.Rasheed
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
5. Equivalent Frame Method : It is an approximate elastic analysis of slab system and applied to : a. b. c. d. Slab supported by beam or wall . Flat slabs . Flat plate slab . Two way grid slab analysis .
6. Yield Line Theory : It is a method of slab based on elastic considerations and the condition obtained in the structures just prior to failure . The method is usually used to analysis slab of irregular as well as regular slabs for various loading and support condition .
fixed
Yield line
Sec (1-1)
Dr.Laith Sh.Rasheed
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
column capital
column
4. Two way grid slab analysis ( waffle slab or two way ribbed slab) .
1 1
Sec.(1-1)
Limitations D.D.M : 1. There shall be a minimum of three continuous spans in each direction . 2. Panels shall be rectangular with a ratio of longer span to shorter span center to center of supports with in a panel not greater than 2 . 3. Successive span lengths center to center of supports in each direction shall not differ by more than one-third the longer span . 4. Column may be offset a maximum of 10% of span in the direction of offset from either axis between center lines of successive columns . 5. Loads must be due to gravity only and live load must not exceed 2 times the load ( L.L. / D.L. 2 ) .
3 Dr.Laith Sh.Rasheed
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
6. For a panel with beams between supports on all sides , the relative stiffness of beams in two perpendicular direction given by the ratio :
1. 2. 3.
Main steps of D.D.M. : Calculate the total factored static moment M . Distribution of M into positive and negative moments . Distribution of each positive & negative moments into column & middle strip moments .
Where : :width of frame measured from center to center of panels for interior frame and from center of panel to edge of panels to edge of exterior frame . :clear span of l1 measured from face to face of support column , column capital , bracket , wall ..
Note :
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Civil Department
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Reinforced concrete design II
c.s (width)=0.25(
or )+ (0.5 + )-c.s(width)
)
( )
a- For positive moment (+M) :From table (13.6.4.1) in ACI code . b- For negative moment exterior () :From table (13.6.4.2)
Dr.Laith Sh.Rasheed
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
[(
y x y 1 2 x
1 x x
2T Slab
Drop panel
Capital column
3-
4-
Dr.Laith Sh.Rasheed
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
Note : (13.6.4)
Moment in beams: Moment in beams form : 1. Slab moment . 2. Beam self weight . 3. Partition . 1- Moment in beam from slab weight If 2- If
7
University of Kerbala
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Reinforced concrete design II
3- Moment in beam from slab weight between 0-0.85 of col. Strip moment. IF - Moment of slab from col. Strip mom. = - Moment of middle strip = mom. Slab in middle strip only .
3. find M- and M+ 4. find from = ( ? ) *(M- or M+) Then find from = (M- or M+) 5. If beam found ab6. (if no beam found ) . 7. (M- or M+) 8. To find moment per meter :aba( ( ) ( ) )
H.W :- chose for the below roof if the D.D.M applied or not :Assume :4 4 6
- L.L = 2.5
6
Dr.Laith Sh.Rasheed
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
EX(1): for the slab system shown in fig. below find all moment in x direction? assuming: concrete cover = 30 mm . S.L.L =2.728 S.D.L.(including self weight )=4.82 =21 mpa , =420 mpa Col. Dia.= (250250)mm Edge beam depth =600 mm Int. beam depth =500 mm
y
Frame A
6
Frame B
4 4
Dr.Laith Sh.Rasheed
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
950mm 150mm
500mm
b=350
250mm
Or
use less
( (
) ) ( )
)
700mm (1) 600mm (2) b=450mm 150mm
250mm
Or
use less
For
10 Sh.Rasheed
Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
For
For
For frame B :-
250mm
11 Sh.Rasheed
Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
Table (1) moment at interior frame : End span Mom. Ext. Pos. Int. C.S.S 2.29 5.49 6.75 M.S.S 2.17 24.41 29.9 beam 12.67 31.13 38.23
Table (2) moment at exterior frame : End span Mom. Ext. Pos. Int. C.S.S 1 2.8 3.5 M.S.S 1.7 12.6 15.6 beam 6.1 16.16 19.89
) )
12 Sh.Rasheed
Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
- at discontinuous edge and edge beam should provided with a stiffness ratio not less than 0.8 ; or minimum thickness required of eq. 9.12 and 9.13 should increased by 10% ( ). EX(1): for the slab beam system , check the thickness requirement due to deflection ? assuming : a- all col. (300300)mm b- Edge beam (300650)mm c- Int. beam (300550) mm d=150 mm e- =420 mpa
6m
6m
4m
4m
Sol:-
1. -
13 Sh.Rasheed
Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
150
14 Sh.Rasheed
Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
for panel B :-
15 Sh.Rasheed
Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
for panel C :-
for panel D :-
Use large the slab thickness =150 mm is satisfactory T=150 125.7 o.k
x d )b-y) x d
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
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Reinforced concrete design II
( )
(11.12.2.1) ( (
y x
) )
hole
EX(1): for typical interior panel of the flat plate slab system shown . determine the shear strength of slab at support with the allowable one ? increase the shear strength by reinforcement if it's not adequate ? Assuming :
0066
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II 0066
) ( ))
( )
) ( )
18 Sh.Rasheed
Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
Step (2): Equivalent columns . Equivalent frame method steps :1- there is no limit or boundary for the E.F.M. 2- the three dimensional frame can be transform to the more than one frame of two dimensional frame . 3- the frame of 3D to be solve it can solve by cutting the section parallel the center line of columns . 4- If we have only dead and live loads we can tales one story and analysis it . 5- If the building exposed to lateral loads (wind ,blast ,or seismic load ) we must analyzed the overall frame . 6- The equivalent frame consists of : a- Equivalent columns . b- Equivalent slab beams . Procedure of E.F.M. 1. Equivalent slab beams . a- Find Where :(width of support parallel to Go to table (A13-A,B) Find :1(stiffness factor ) )
19 Sh.Rasheed
Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
beam
Torsional member
torsional stiffness of transverse beam . ( ( for end frame for interior frame =
20 Sh.Rasheed Dr.Laith
) )
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
EX(1): Data :12345678Three story building All beam =0.30.6 m All columns =0.30.3 m Slab thickness =0.2 m Story height =3m D.L=10 (total) L.L=5 =25 mpa , =400 mpa
Required :Find all negative moment at interior of x-direction . Sol:Equivalent slab beam section : For ext. frame (AB)
A B C D
( ( )
21
Dr.Laith Sh.Rasheed
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
Eq. columns :
Column (aA):
0.6
0.7 0.2
0.3
( ( (
) ) ) ( )
22 Sh.Rasheed
Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
)For
A 77522.3 a
279970
198018
277776
77957.5 b
77757.5 c
77522.7 d
Joint a A Mem. aA Aa AB D.F 6 0.2 0.8 F.E.M 6 0 210.5 D.M 6 -42.1 -168.4 C.O.F -21.05 0 -50.27 D.M 6 10 40 C.O.F 5 0 12 D.M 6 -2.4 -9.6 C.O.F -1.2 0 -2.84 D.M 0 0.568 2.272 -19 -39 39
BA Bb bB BC CB 0.5 0.14 6 0.36 0.36 -210.5 0 6 411.6 - 411.6 -100.5 -28.15 6 -72.4 72.4 -84.2 0 -14.1 36.2 -36.2 24 6.72 0 17.28 -17.28 20 0 3.36 -8.64 8.64 -5.68 -1.6 0 -4.1 4.1 -4.8 0 -0.8 2.05 -2.05 1.375 -0.385 0 -0.99 0.99 -401 -27 -13 408
23 Sh.Rasheed
Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
Plastic analysis
P.H
24 Sh.Rasheed
Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
P.H P.H
P.H
Increment percentage =
Kd
)
0.85
f_c
25 Sh.Rasheed
Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
After the calculation of resisting moment " " is reached . continued plastic rotation is assumed to occur with no change in the applied moment the beam behaviors as if there where a hinge at that points ,this hinge differs from the free fraction hinge . If such a plastic hinge forms in a determinate structure will collapse ,the resulting system is referred to as a mechanism .
EX(1): Find the max. load that can be applied at simply supported beam shown: Sol:P
EX(2): find the max. load that can be applied at un determinate beam shown: Sol:W
H.W: find the max. load that can be applied at un determinate beam shown:
26 Sh.Rasheed Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
Sol:10m 8m
Free edge
b 27 Sh.Rasheed Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
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Reinforced concrete design II
L =1
EX(1):b
L-xL
xL
Sol:( )
( (
) )
( )
( ((
)
( )
28 Sh.Rasheed
Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
H.W:- A continuous one way slab is uniformly loaded and has an ultimate moment capacity of 24 kn.m/m at "A" 30 kn.m/m ,at "B" and 18 kn.m/m at "C" using the principle of virtual work find the collapse load " "? Hint :A 6m B
6-x
Sol:-
29 Sh.Rasheed
Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
EX(2): for the uniformly loaded isotropically reinforced slab shown below determine the collapse load " " assuming the plastic moment permeter ( )? Sol:1 A A 30 Sh.Rasheed 1 Dr.Laith L A
((
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
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Reinforced concrete design II
H.W:Sol:10m a 10m
a=2.88 m (
10m 1
Or ( ( ))
31 Sh.Rasheed
Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
EX(3): Determine the collapse load for the uniformly loaded slab shown below ,assuming the plastic moment of resistance / meter width = ? Sol:-
W=
r
EX(4): Determine the collapse load for the uniformly loaded slab shown below ,assuming the plastic moment of resistance / meter width = ?
and or
and or
mode(2)
mode(1)
Sol:-mode(1)
1
)L-xL)
32 Sh.Rasheed
Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II xL
(
( )
) ( )
) )
((
( ) ( ( ( ) ) )
) (
( )
)(
33 Sh.Rasheed
Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
( (
) )
Sol:- mode(2):
xL L-2xL xL
( (
) )
( ( ( ) ) (
) )
) (
( )
) (
34 Sh.Rasheed
Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
EX(5): Determine the collapse load for the uniformly loaded slab shown below ,assuming the plastic moment of resistance / meter width = ?
1
2L 1 2 1
Sol:( ( ) ) ( )
( ( )
EX(6):-For the uniformly loaded isotropic ally reinforced slab shown below ; determine the collapse load assume the plastic moment of resistance per meter width of slab for positive and negative section is
35 Sh.Rasheed
?
Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
Sol : ( ( ( ) )
( )
4-x
( ( )
5m
5m x
EX(7): Determine the collapse load for the uniformly loaded slab shown below ,assuming the plastic moment of resistance / meter width = ? Sol:-
( ( )))
( (
( )
))
2L
a=L*sin60
36 b
(2L-b) a 60 Sh.Rasheed 4L
2L Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
b=L*cos60
EX(8): Determine the collapse load for the uniformly loaded slab shown below ,assuming the plastic moment of resistance / meter width = ?
0.5L 2L a 60 4L 1 2L
a=
2
Sol:-
((
))
37 Sh.Rasheed
Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
Slabs reinforced identically orthogonal direction or the tropically reinforced slabs .Slabs with different reinforced ratio in orthogonal direction . For isotropically reinforced slabs the moment at any direction may be shown to be equal to either of the moment in the two orthogonal direction.
Prove: ( ( ( ) ) )
a
b
( )
Since (
(
1
) )
38 Sh.Rasheed
Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
4- Prestress Concrete :
Prestressed concrete is a particular reinforced concrete . prestressing involves the application of an initial compressive load on a structure to reduce or eliminate the internal tensile forces and there by control or eliminate cracking . the initial compressive load is imposed and sustained by highly tensioned steel reinforcement reacting on the concrete . A prestressed reinforced section . section is considerably stiffer than the usually cracked
Prestressing may also impose internal forces wich are of opposite sign to the external load any may therefore significantly reduce or even eliminate deflection .
Advantage of prestressing : 1- Smaller sections will be required for design (the entire section remain effective for stress ). 2- Large span will be possible due to the weight reduction . 3- Deflection under working load will be reduced (Cambering). 4- Prestress reduces diagonal tension stresses at working load . this load to use modified "I" and "T" section . .
University of Kerbala
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concrete strength gain and the concrete is often stressed with 24 hrs. of casting .
2- Post-tensioned Concrete :
The concrete is cast around hollow ducts which are fixed . to any desired profile the steel tendons are usually in place , un stressed in the ducts during the concrete pour , or alternatively may be threaded through the ducts at same later time when the concrete has reached it's required strength , the tendons are tensioned. Tendons may be stressed from one ends with the other end with the other end . the tendons are then anchored at each stressing ends .After the tendons have been anchored and no further stressing the tendons are often filled with grout under pressure . In this way the tendons are bonded to the concrete and are more efficient in controlling cracking and providing ultimate strength .
40 Sh.Rasheed Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
- Prestress Losses :1- immediate losses : a- bend slip . b- fraction . c- elastic shortening . d- shrinkage . 2- long term losses: a- creep in concrete . b- relaxation in steel . - Prestress Forces : ( ( ) )
41 Sh.Rasheed
Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
Method of Analysis :
1- working stress method . This analysis is done in two stage of loading : a- initial loading stage where the stress are calculated after complete of immediate losses . b- service loading stage ,where the stress are calculated after all losses . a-initial loading stage :-
h e
N.A
( (
) )
)
Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
h e
N.A
Live load
Total load
The permissible stresses according ACI -318 code (18-4): 1- initial loading stage : - compression stress 0.6
43 Sh.Rasheed
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
Where: =initial strength at yang ages . - tensile stress at middle 0.25 - tensile stress at end 0.5
2- Service loading stage : - compressive stress due to sustained load 0.45 - compressive stress due to total load 0.6 tensile stress 0.5
EX(1): For the beam shown check the stresses according to ACI code ? assuming :immediate losses =10% total losses =20% add. D.L =20 L.L =10 with 10% sustained . jacking prestress = 0.8
900mm 400mm 5 300mm
20m
Sol:-
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Reinforced concrete design II
- at end section : ( ( ) ) ( ) ( )
- at mid span : ( )
45 Sh.Rasheed
Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
46 Sh.Rasheed
Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
2- Ultimate Strength Method : for member with bonded tendons: (pretension prestress member ) [ ( ( ))]
d
)]
University of Kerbala
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Reinforced concrete design II
Use min.
b- if
Use min.
Strength of prestress section : Then nominal flexural strength of prestress beam : 1- for rectangular section : ab a c N.A
( Or (
( )
( )
48 Sh.Rasheed
Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
0.85
ba d c N.A
( ( )
) ( )
c N.A
( Or ( to calculate a
University of Kerbala
Civil Department 0.85 a
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II 0.85 c N.A
( (
( ) ( ( )
) )
Prestress reinforcement limits according ACI -318 code . 1- the reinforcement ratio must be . ab- ( c( ))
University of Kerbala
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Reinforced concrete design II
EX(1): A simply supported prestress beam with un bonded tendons for the cross-section shown below find the ultimate moment strength then check the reinforcement limit for the section ? also check the rupture case ? Assume :-
51 Sh.Rasheed
Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
)]
23-
) ( ( ) )
52 Sh.Rasheed
Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
EX(2): A pretensioned S.S double tee-beam have a span (7m) , =0.85 , tendons steel area (600mm2 ), bf 250mm fpu =1860 mpa .
Req.: check if the factored moment capacity are stratifies with ACI-code requirement (assuming e=149 mm , ct=105 mm , cb =305 mm ). Sol:C=0.85 fc
ps fps
bf a
a fps
ps f ps
0 5fc bf
fpu [ [0 5
ps
fpu p fc
d dp
0 05
(fc
2 )] 05)
bdp 60 [
600 2500 ( 4
fr
t
3 2
Dr.Laith
University of Kerbala
Civil Department
Engineering College
Reinforced concrete design II
54 Sh.Rasheed
Dr.Laith