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The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance can be expressed as: Q = m cp dT where Q = quantity of energy or heat (kJ) m = mass of the substance (kg) cp = specific heat capacity of the substance (kJ/kg C ) - Material Properties and Heat Capacities for several materials dT = temperature rise of the substance ( C) Preferring Imperial Units - Use the Units Converter! This equation can be used to determine a total amount of heat energy for the whole process, but it does not take into account therate of heat transfer which is:
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(1)
In non-flow type applications a fixed mass or a single batch of product is heated. In flow type applications the product or fluid is heated when it constantly flows over a heat transfer surface.
(2)
The time required to heat 75 kg of water (cp = 4.2 kJ/kg C) from temperature 20 C to 75 C with steam produced from a boiler with capacity 200 kW (kJ/s) can be calculated by transforming eq. 2 to t = m cp dT / q
(3)