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PSY100 Final Exam Practice Questions Note: Answers are provided in a separate document Remember: The final exam

consists of 90 multiple choice questions. Roughly half will be from new (previously untested) material, and roughly half will be from old (test 1 & test 2) material. 1. A bus driver did not stop at the scene of an accident to offer to help. Almost all of the passengers decided that he must be a very mean person. The passengers could most likely be described as a. adult Americans b. adult Hindu Indians c. 8-year-old American boys d. 8-year-old Hindu Indian girls e. Any of the above 2. Consider a psychology experiment where someone is asked to say, as rapidly as possible, whether a sentence appearing on a computer screen is true or false. Research has shown that people will be faster to say that it is true that a sandal is a shoe than to say that it is true that a sandal is a piece of clothing. Which model of human memory could easily account for this finding? a. levels of processing model b. modal memory model c. prototype model d. spreading activation model e. exemplar model 3. LaVonne is majoring in engineering, but she dislikes all of her engineering classes and loves all of her political science classes. One day when LaVonne is reading political science to avoid reading engineering, she decides to change her major and become a lawyer. LaVonnes decision reflects which adaptive quality of emotions? a. They increase the probability of survival and reproduction. b. They provide cues to facilitate interpersonal dynamics. c. They provide information about significant personal goals. d. They increase the probability of avoiding immediate danger. e. They are useful for communicating with others. 4. The psychological adjustment associated with acculturation a. occurs suddenly b. forms an inverted U-shaped curve c. forms a U-shaped curve d. is more stressful for women than men e. is more stressful for men than women

5. In the medical field, interns and residents are required to work such long shifts that they are perpetually exhausted and do not function optimally. Dissonance theory would suggest that a possible motivation for this policy is to a. prepare them to work under highly stressful conditions b. test their dedication to becoming doctors c. increase the value they place upon being doctors d. identify those who are too prone to making mistakes under pressure e. prevent them from having sexual relations with one another, like you see in TV shows 6. Stress increases the release of cortisol which in turns helps us cope with the stress. If stress continues for prolonged periods of time: a. cortisol production is exhausted b. the antagonist to cortisol dominates the physiological system c. cortisol no longer has its usual effects d. the increased cortisol begins to have adverse effects on bodily and mental functioning e. none of the above 7. Psychiatrists often view their patients problems using a medical model perspective. This means that, in the eyes of the psychiatrist, a patient should a. take a leading role in his or her own treatment b. accept what the psychiatrist wants the patient to do c. focus on multiple kinds of alternative therapies d. seek out drug therapy plus talk therapy to increase well-being e. think carefully about how their social and psychological characteristics may be contributing to their problems 8. Your roommate is hostile, very competitive, and pessimistic. On the basis of recent research, which of the following health problems is he most likely to experience later? a. cardiovascular disease b. immune system failures c. chronic infections d. cancer e. obsessive-compulsive disorder 9. A defining characteristic of autism is that the child a. has extreme difficulty learning from punishment b. is extremely skilled with numbers and spatial relationships c. can only communicate using sign language or some other non-verbal form of communication d. suffers social impairments e. all of the above

10. Researchers in a psychology experiment asked people who were standing in line waiting to bet on a horse race about which horse they planned to bet on and why. Another researcher asked those people the same questions after they had placed the bet. Given your knowledge of social psychology, you could predict that after placing the bet people would be ____________ about their chosen horse because of ____________. a. more positive; postdecisional dissonance b. less positive; attributional bias c. more positive; buyers remorse d. less positive; sunk cost fallacy e. indifferent; affective forecasting 11. Sally, a four year-old who has not yet developed theory of mind, watches Bobby (a kid in her junior kindergarten class), hide a donut in his desk. Later, when Bobby is not looking, Sally watches the teacher come and take the donut out of his desk and put it back in his lunchbag. The bell rings for recess and Bobby exclaims, All right, Im hungry! Im gonna eat my donut! If someone asked Sally at that very moment where she thought Bobby was going to look for the donut, Sally would say a. I have no idea! b. in his lunchbag c. in his desk d. he would ask the teacher e. he would accuse the teacher of stealing it 12. An implicit attitude a. influences our feelings and behaviours at an unconscious level (i.e., by unconscious we mean that this relationship occurs at a level of subtlety that we are not consciously aware of). b. affects our behaviour only when we become briefly aware of the attitude c. can be measured using self-report methods. d. is a myth; there is no such thing as implicit attitudes despite earlier beliefs held by psychologists (such as Freud) e. none of the above 13. The mere exposure effect refers to our tendency to a. like things the first time we are exposed to them. b. dislike things that we can only see but not interact with or handle. c. like things if we are exposed to them subliminally (i.e., below our threshold of conscious awareness). d. like things initially but become neutral toward them over time. e. like things more as we are exposed to them a greater number of times.

14. Psychologists such as Albert Bandura define self-efficacy as a. the consistent tendency to achieve your goals. b. the belief that your efforts to accomplish a task will be successful. c. the ability to identify goals that are easily achieved. d. the tendency to set goals that are just beyond your reach. e. the ability to competently control your own motivational system 15. Meredith is afraid of snakes. George occasionally gets intensely, overwhelmingly afraid for no apparent reason. Christina is constantly afraid that something will go wrong, and so is hypervigilant all the time. The disorders these individuals may be suffering from are (in order): a. phobic disorder; obsessive-compulsive disorder; generalized anxiety disorder b. obsessive-compulsive disorder; panic disorder; generalized anxiety disorder c. phobic disorder; panic disorder; generalized anxiety disorder d. panic disorder; agoraphobia; obsessive-compulsive disorder e. none of the above 16. Confounds are a threat to establishing a. operational definitions b. external validity c. causality d. dependent variables e. construct validity 17. ____________ theory would predict that individuals from Singapore would find it easy to adapt to life in Malaysia. a. cultural fitness b. acculturation c. cultural distance d. self-esteem e. culture shock 18. Which of the following is NOT included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Axis I diagnosis, used for clinical disorders? a. personality disorders b. schizophrenia c. dissociative disorders d. mood disorders e. sleep disorders

19. A friend of yours is having serious mental health problems and you recommend that he see a therapist. What should be foremost among your considerations in making a recommendation? a. the type of therapy the therapist uses b. the therapists previous success in treating the disorder your friend has c. whether the therapist can prescribe drugs d. whether the therapist is located in a hospital or a private practice e. the gender of the therapist 20. The most important chemical at work in the formation of infant/caregiver attachment (as well as playing important roles in social acceptance, bonding, and sexual gratification) is a. the neurotransmitter acetylcholine b. the hormone oxytocin c. the hormone testosterone d. the neurotransmitter norepinephrine e. the hormone estrogen 21. Learning the consequences of an action by observing the consequences happening to someone else is known as: a. vicarious learning. b. empathetic learning. c. occupational learning. d. non-egoic learning. e. other-focused learning 22. In which of the following is the person least likely to be aware of the maladaptive nature of her or his behaviour? a. obsessive-compulsive disorder b. phobic disorder c. personality disorder d. agoraphobia e. drug addiction 23. The most important strategy for teaching kids to delay gratification is to help them a. learn to relax b. learn to turn hot cognitions into cold cognitions c. learn to distract themselves d. learn self-discipline e. learn to employ more sophisticated moral reasoning heuristics

24. What part of the brain is known as the interpreter? a. The right hemisphere, which likes to construct a world that makes sense. b. The parietal lobes, which regulate all information and help translate speech. c. The thalamus, because it determines which areas of the brain get which pieces of sensory information. d. The frontal lobes because they deal with higher order thinking. e. None of the above 25. One of the important differences between drug treatments and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of anxiety disorders is that a. drugs are more effective than CBT b. relapse is more likely with CBT c. drugs target the underlying source of the anxiety while CBT focuses on surface symptoms d. CBT is more effective than drugs over the long-term e. none of the above 26. If a researcher sets up a study in which the study materials are given to the participants in an envelope with the contents unknown to the researcher, this is an example of a strategy to avoid a. operational bias b. the experimenter expectancy effect c. the Hawthorne effect d. self-report bias e. the self-selection effect 27. People with borderline personality disorder a. typically cannot stand to be alone; they can therefore be very manipulative in their relationships b. typically cannot stand to be with other people; they are therefore quite manipulative so that they drive others away c. typically cannot stand to be criticized or praised; as a result, they withdraw from their goals and all domains that are performance-oriented (such as school) d. have an overly strong and inflexible sense of self; as a result they tend to dominate others in their relationships e. none of the above are true 28. Psychologists use the term personality primarily to refer to characteristics and behaviours that: a. are relatively stable over time and circumstances b. show little variability across persons c. nave observers attribute to others d. stem from conscious intentions e. are observed in all healthy normally functioning individuals

29. In Freuds structural model of personality: a. the superego dominates other structures in determining behaviour b. the ego operates according to the reality principle c. the ego eventually becomes unresponsive to the id because of mental habituation d. the superego is the realistic, rational portion of the mind e. none of the above 30. In Eysencks view, people who score high on the neuroticism scale tend to: a. be aggressive and impulsive b. experience little variation in mood or emotion c. experience much mood variability d. be self-centred e. be highly conscientious

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