CH 14

CHAPTER 14
Think & Discuss (p. 829)

1. 20 sec
2. 40 sec
3. The time between revolutions would be shorter; the
height would be shorter.

Skill Review (p. 830)
11.

3
2n,
2n, 45 360n, 135 360n
4
4
12.
11

2n,
2n, 30 360n, 330 360n
6
6
13.

2
n, 90 180n 14.
n, 120 180n
2
3
1. y x 2 4
Lesson 14.1
14.1 Guided Practice (p. 835)
2
2
2
1. cycle: a repeating pattern
period: the horizontal length of this pattern

2. y a sin bx, Domain: reals, Range: a y a
y a cos bx, Domain: reals, Range: a y a
5
4
3
2
1
7
6
5
4
5
6
7
8
2. y 2x 22 3
y
y a tan bx, Domain: all reals except odd multiples of

, Range: reals
2b
x
3
3. y 4 sin ; y 4 sin
1
3
period: 2
2
2
2
4. amplitude: 6
x
3
5. amplitude: 3
period:
6. amplitude:
3. x 42 y 12 9
x 2 7x 8 0
4.
center: 4, 1
x 8x 1 0
radius: 3
x80
x 8
x10
period:
1
4
2
3
7. amplitude:
period:
8. amplitude: 5
period:
2 2

3 3
2
3
2
6

3
9. amplitude: 1
period:
x1
x
2
2
2

10. y 3 sin x
2
4
1
2
amplitude: 3
9x 25 0
2
5.
6.
3x 53x 5 0
3x 5 0
x50
x
1 1 435
23
5
3
1 61
6
3x 5 0
1 61
6
6
x
x
7.
3x 2
3
476
8.
5
3
3
9.
2
period: 2
intercepts: 0, 0, 2, 0, , 0
maximum:
2 , 3
minimum:
32, 3
2 3
10. 0
Algebra 2
Chapter 14 Worked-out Solution Key
Copyright McDougal Littell Inc.

All rights reserved.
Chapter 14 continued
11. y cos 4x
16. d 4 cos 8 t
y
1
amplitude: 1
amplitude: 4

period:
2
intercepts:

4

3
,0 ,
,0
8
8

period:
161 , 0, 163 , 0

maximum: 0, 4, 14, 4
minimum: 18, 4
4 , 1
17. B
x
3

6
12 , 1, 12 , 1

1
2
25. amplitude: 4
28. amplitude: 3
period:
period: 8
30. amplitude: 2
31. amplitude:
period: 4
period:
1
4x
1
3
1
2
y
1
period: 8
2
intercepts: 0, 0, 2, 0, 4, 0
maximum: , 1
2
2

minimum: 3, 1
maximum:

minimum:
33. y cos
1 1
,
2 4
3 1
,
2 4
1
x
5
y
1
amplitude: 1
period: 10
intercepts:
2
14. y 5 cos x
3
2
52, 0, 152, 0
maximum: 0, 1, 10, 1
amplitude: 5
period: 3
minimum: 5, 1
34. y
3
9
,0 ,
,0
4
4

tan x
1
2
asymptotes: 12, 12
x-intercept: 0, 0
32, 5
halfway points:
15. y 2 tan 4x

4
1
4
period: 1
maximum: 0, 5, 3, 5
asymptotes:
period:
amplitude: 1
intercepts: 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0
period:
1
4
22. C
27. amplitude: 1
period: 4
32. y sin
21. A
period: 2
1
2
29. amplitude: 5
1
4
26. amplitude:
20. F
24. amplitude: 0.5
period: 2
1
13. y sin x
4
minimum:
19. D
period: 6
x-intercept: 0, 0
intercepts:
18. E
23. amplitude: 1

3
amplitude:
1
8
14.1 Practice and Applications (pp. 835837)

y
halfway points:
The pendulum travels 4 inches horizontally.

asymptotes: ,
6
6
period:
1
4
intercepts:
12. y tan 3x
period:

2
2 , 1
maximum: 0, 1,

minimum:

1 1
1 1
, , ,
4 4
4 4
1
2

,
8
8

8

4
x-intercept: 0, 0
halfway points:
16 , 2 16 , 2

Algebra 2
477
35. y
1
sin x
4
40. y 2 tan
1
4
period: 2
intercepts: 0, 0, , 0, 2, 0

minimum:
32, 41
halfway points:
41. y
y
maximum: 0, 4, 2, 4

minimum: , 4
y

period:
2

,
4
4
x
4

maximum:
2, 12
minimum:
6, 21

3
,0 ,
,0
4
4

x
44. y sin
39. y 8 sin x
minimum:
x

0,
16, 2
2x
5
1
2x
sin
2
3
1
3

1
4, 0
1
3, 2
45. y 10 sin
x
2
46. y 2 sin x
49. y 3 sin 4 x
48. y 4 sin 12x
y a sin 2 f t or y a cos 2 f t.
51. d 2 sin 2 t
2 , 8

1
12 ,
2 t
or
p
1
2t
y a cos
. Since f , the motion is modeled by
p
p
amplitude: 8
3
, 8
2
50. Periodic motion is modeled by y a sin
intercepts: 0, 0, , 0, 2, 0
1
3
minimum:
47. y
period: 2
maximum: 0, 2,
maximum: 0, 3, , 3
maximum:
1 x
8
halfway points: 1, 1, 1, 1
intercepts:
period:
x-intercept: 0, 0
period:
amplitude: 3
minimum:
amplitude: 2
38. y 3 cos 2x
8
x
43. y 2 cos 6x

, 4 , , 4
8
8

, 3
2
asymptotes: 2, 2
x-intercepts: 0, 0
intercepts:
1
2
1
2
period: 4
halfway points:
sin 14 x
42. y tan 4x
37. y 4 tan 2x
asymptotes:
34, 2, 34, 2
intercepts: 0, 0, 4, 0, 8, 0
period: 2

period: 8
amplitude: 4

3
,0 ,
,0
2
2
1
2
amplitude:
36. y 4 cos x
intercepts:
3 3
asymptotes:
,
2
2
x-intercept: 0, 0
1
,
2 4
maximum:
period: 3
2
1
4
amplitude:
1
x
3
d
2
amplitude: 2
period: 1
52. P 3 sin 440 t; 220 Hz
478
Algebra 2

53. amplitude:
y cot x
1
ft
2
Domain: all reals except multiples of

period: sec
3
54. h 100 tan
Range: all reals

Period:
t
36
period: 36
x-intercept: 0, 0
halfway points:
9, 100, 9, 100
asymptotes: 18, 18
h
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
58.

2
3
2
2
undef.
undef.
undef.
14.1 Mixed Review (p. 837)

0
9 12 15 18 t
61. y 2x 52 4
62. y x 32 7
Vertex: 5, 4
Axis of symmetry: x 5
55. 8.7 ft; 8.9 ft; 9.2 ft; ht ht1 increases as t increases.
56. B
57. A
Vertex: 3, 7

Axis of symmetry: x 3
y
3
y csc x
63. y 4x 22 1
Domain: all reals except multiples of

Range: y 1 or y 1; Period: 2
x

4
undef.
59.
2
x

2
3
2
undef.
1
undef.
64. y 3x 12 6
Vertex: 2, 1
Vertex: 1, 6
Axis of symmetry:
x 2
Axis of symmetry:
x 1
2
x
65. y 4 x 12 2
3
y sec x

Domain: all reals except odd multiples of 2
Range: y or y 1
66. y 10x 42 3
Vertex: 1, 2
Vertex: 4, 3
Axis of symmetry:
x1
Axis of symmetry:
x 4
Period: 2
x
y
0
1
60.

2
3
2
undef.
1
undef.
67.
70.
1

2
15
30
1
30
15
15
29 58
1
291 870
68.
1
30
1
15
29 58
69.
7
30
7
15
29 58
x

Algebra 2
479
71.
72.
Lesson 14.2
Developing Concepts Activity 14.2 (p. 839)

Exploring the Concept
x
1. a. Second is first reflected in x-axis.

b. Second is first reflected in x-axis.
reference angle
220 180 40
73.
reference angle
180 155 25
74.
c. Second is first reflected in x-axis.

.
2

b. Second is first shifted left .
2
c. Second is first shifted left 3.
2. a. Second is first shifted right
3. a. Second is first shifted up 1.

b. Second is first shifted down 1.
c. Second is first shifted down 2.
reference angle
360 280 80
75.
reference angle
180 150 30
76.
Drawing Conclusions
1. a.
y
1
reference angle
2160 2100 60
77.
reference angle
990 945 45
78.
b.
c.
3
4
y
1
x
reference angle
540 510 30
y sin x
y 3 cos x
y sin x 4
reference angle
180 112.5 67.5
79. 2000 1000e0.015t
2 e0.015t
2. a.
ln 2 0.015t
1
y cos x 2
2
t 46.2 years
Technology Activity 14.1 (p. 838)

1. amplitude:
1
3,
3, 9
period: 2
3. amplitude:
b.
period: 2
1
2,
1, 2
period: 2
period: 2, ,
4. amplitude: 1, 2, 4
period: 2
5. amplitude: 1
y 3 cosx
1
6. amplitude: 1

2
7. amplitude: 1
period: 4, 2,

480
2. amplitude: 10, 20, 40
period: 6, 2,
2
3
8. amplitude: 1
period: 6, 2,
2
3
Algebra 2

c.
12. y 2 tanx
y 2 sinx 3
halfway points:
54, 2, 34, 2
1
x
y 4 sin x
1
1
period
asymptotes
d.

6
4
3

,
2
2

2
2
13. y sin x 2 3
amplitude: 1
1
period: 2
x
key points:
3. a. shifted right 1 unit, shifted up 1 unit

b. reflected in x-axis, shifted right 1 unit, shifted down 1
unit
c. reflected in x-axis, shifted left 1 unit, shifted up 1 unit
d. shifted left 1 unit, shifted down 1 unit
2. reflection in x-axis
3. shifted right units

5. horizontal shift
2 2, 3,
2, 3,
4 2, 2,
34 2, 4

1. translation
0, 3,
14. y 4 cos 2x 1
4. vertical shift
6. reflection
amplitude: 4
7. horizontal shift
period:
8. horizontal and vertical shift
key points:
9. reflection, vertical shift

10. y 3 sinx
0, 5,
amplitude 3
1
period 2
intercepts: , 0, , 0,
minimum:

3
,3 ,
,3
2
2
period:

2
2
5 3
asymptotes:
,
4 4
2 , 3

2
x
on y k: , 5
11. y 2 cos x 1
h 0, k 1
halfway points:
amplitude 2
period 2
key points: 0, 1,
34, 1, , 5
4 , 0, , 3,

7 , 0 , 2, 1
4
78, 6, 98, 4
16. d 150 tan 250
period:
asymptotes:
Distance (ft)
maximum:
4 , 1, 2 , 3,
15. y tan 2x 5
0, 0, 2, 0

,
2
2
on y 250: 0, 250

halfway points:

, 100 ,
4
h
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Angle ()
4 , 400
Algebra 2
481
17. shift up 2
37. y 3 sin4x 2
18. reflect in x-axis and shift up 5
amplitude: 3

19. shift down 2 20. shift left
2
period:

21. reflect in x-axis and shift left 22. shift right
2
key points:
23. reflect in x-axis, shift right

, shift up 5
4
30. C
8 , 1, 4 , 2,
38. y sin 2x 4
3
, shift up 3 26. F 27. B 28. E 29. A
4
amplitude: 1
period:
1
key points: 0, 2, , 3,
key points: 0, 4,
1
period: 2
, 5,
2 , 1,
1
2 , 1,
, 3,
42. y cos 2x
2 , 2,

2
2
y
1
amplitude: 1
32, 2, 2, 1
32, 1, 2, 0
key points: 0, 1,
period: 2
, 0,
period: 2
y
1
key points: 0, 2,
3
2
2
amplitude: 1
35. y cosx 1
32, 3, 2, 2
41. y sin x
4, 0, 6, 4, 8, 0
period:
period: 2
, 2,
key points: 0, 0, 2, 4,
amplitude: 1

36. y cosx 1

key points: 0, 2, , 1 ,
2
period: 8
, 2,
32, 1, 2, 4
period: 2
amplitude: 1
2 , 1,
amplitude: 1
34. y 4 sin 4 x
amplitude: 4
x
40. y sin x 2
32, 1, 2, 0
key points: 0, 0,
period: 2
amplitude: 1
, 0,
amplitude: 5
key points: 0, 0,
4 , 3,
39. y 5 cosx 1
2, 2, 3, 1, 4, 2
2 , 4, 34, 5, , 4
amplitude: 1

33. y cos x
2
key points: 0, 4,
period: 4

2
31. D
32. y sin 2 x 2
482

2
38, 5, 2 , 2, 0, 2
24. reflect in x-axis, shift right , shift down 2

25. shift left
2 , 1,
32, 1, 2, 2

Algebra 2
key points: 0, 2,
4 , 3,
2 , 2, 34, 1, , 2


6
2
48. y tanx 3
period:
amplitude: 4
period: 2
44. y
1
2

32, 2, 2, 6
tan x
49. y
period:

asymptotes: ,
2 2

2

asymptotes: 0,

46. y 2 tan x
2
4 , 1, 8 , 12,

4

2
1
2
51. y 3 cosx 3
55. y 4 tan
1
3
53. y sin 6x 1
54. y cos x 1
3
2

1

x
6 56. Translate units left.
2
2
2
57. h 8 cos 10
8 cos 45 10
asymptotes: , 0

2
2 , 0, 4 , 2,
4.3 ft
34, 2
47. y tan 2x 1

period:
2

asymptotes: ,
4 4
key points:
0, 1,
8 , 0,

2
52. y 5 tan 4 x
period:
key points:
50. y sin 2x 2 5
period:

38, 121

2
45. y tan x
2
key points:

3
,2 , ,3 ,
,1
2
4
4

2
key points:

asymptotes: 0,
2
1
key points: 0, 0, , ,
4 2
1
,
4
2
1

tan 2x
1
2
4
period:

2
key points:

0, 3, , 4 , , 2
4
4
Height (ft)
, 6,

asymptotes: ,
2 2

key points: 0, 6, , 10 ,
2
58. P 100 20 cos

2
8
t
3
P 100 20 cos
x
8
60
3
P 80 beatsmin
key points: 0, 80,
163 , 100,
h
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Pressure (mm)
43. y 4 cos x
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Angle ()
p
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
2
3
Time (sec)
38, 120, 169 , 100, 34, 80
8 , 2

Algebra 2
483
C 5000 2000 sin

Rabbits

t
12
Height (ft)
59. R 25,000 15,000 cos
c.

t
12
key points:
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Angle ()
0, 40,000, 6, 25,000, 12, 10,000, 18, 25,000,

24, 40,000
d. Take the first, reflect it in the x-axis, shift up 5280,
Coyotes
key points: 0, 5000, 6, 7000, 12, 5000,
18, 3000, 24, 5000
and you have the second.

64. h 20 cos
40
Population (1000s)
d
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
Rabbits
30
20
65. ellipse,
10
0
10t 24
Coyotes
0
12
24
36
x2
y2

1
25 36
67. circle, x 2 y 2 25
48
66. hyperbola,
68. ellipse,
Months
Over the course of the first year, R falls while C rises and
then falls. Over the second year R rises while C continues
to fall and then rise. Both populations have the same period, 2 years, with the peak in R occurring 6 months before
the peak in C, and the minimum in R occuring 6 months
before the minimum in C.
69. 8
70. 142
75. 7
76. 4950
Distance (ft)
key points: 0, 100,
4 , 350
50
0
4 , 150,
10
20
Angle ()
Height (ft)
200
100
0
20
63. a. d1
484
40
60
Angle ()
120
tan
79.
13
sin 12
13 , csc 12
5
cos 13
, sec 13
5
5
tan 12
5 , cot 12
100 9 b2
91 b
sin
tan
3
10
, csc
10
3
91
10
, sec
1091
91
91
391
, cot
91
3
80. c2 256 25
c 281
key points:

0, 300, , 220 ,
4
sin
281
16281
, csc
281
16
4 , 380
cos
281
5281
, sec
281
5
tan
16
5
, cot
5
16
b. d2 5280
74. 15
b 24
sin 45, csc 54

cos 35, sec 53
tan 43, cot 34
d
300
73. 10
1
b 16
cos
62. d 80 tan 300, where 0 75

78. 676 100 b2
rabbits. As the supply of food dwindles, the coyote population decreases which allows the rabbit population to
replenish itself and the cycle begins again.
d
100
72. 2002
x2
y2

1
10
9
77. 400 144 b2
60. As the coyote population increases, they consume more
61. d 250 tan 100, where 0 21.8;
71. 120
y2
x2
1
16
9
120
tan
Algebra 2

81. 1600 64 b2
11. y
b 166
3
2
cos 12 x
amplitude:
3
2
26
56
sin
, csc
5
12
period: 4
1
cos , sec 5
5
2, 1.5, 3, 0, 4, 1.5
tan 26, cot
6
12. y sin 2x
12
key points: 0, 0,
106
5106
, csc
sin
106
5
13. y 4 tan
5
9
tan , cot
9
5
Quiz 1 (p. 847)
asymptotes:
3. amplitude: 1
period:
period:
period:
7
7. amplitude:
3
period:
2
1
2
6 , 2,
y

period:
2
key points: 0, 0,
2 , 3,

4

2
2 , 3
16. y 3 cosx
amplitude: 3
y
period: 2
amplitude: 2


2
15. y 3 tan 2x
period: 2
10. y 2 sin x
1, 0, 1.5, 2, 2, 0
3 , 4, 2 , 6, 23, 4
4
2

3
3
2
2
16
period:
1
8
key points: 0, 0.5, 0.5, 2,
key points: 0, 4,
9. amplitude: 6
period: 2
8 , 4, 8 , 4
2
period:
3
1
8. amplitude:
3
2
period:

4
2

,
4
4
amplitude: 2
1
4
14. y 4 2 sin 3x
6. amplitude: 4
2
2
key points: 0, 0,
2

2
4. amplitude:
2
4

2
5. amplitude: 3
period:
2. amplitude: 1

2
period:
2
7
4 , 1,
1
x
2
83. 8P8 40,320
period:
x

2
2 , 0, 34, 1, , 0
106
9106
, sec
cos
106
9
5
2
period:
c 106
1. amplitude:
amplitude: 1
82. c2 25 81
key points: 0, 1.5, 1, 0,
key points: 0, 3,
1
1
, 3,

,0 ,
2

2
32, 0, 2, 3
Algebra 2
485
1
2
17. y 2 cos x
3
< <
5 2
5. cos ,
y
1
amplitude: 1
period: 4
53
sin2
2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 2

18. y 2 5 tan x
3
5
asymptotes: ,
6 6
2

3
3 , 2, 712, 3,
12 , 7
sin2
16
25
sin
4
5
4
3

5
4
5
3
, cot

tan
3
4
4
3

5
5
5
5
csc , sec
4
3
2
3
6. tan , 0 < <
d 120 tan 260, 0 65
19.
1
period:
key points:
Distance (ft)
70 120 tan 260

190 120 tan
30.3
period:
asymptotes:

,
2
2
d
250
200
150
100
50
0
13
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Angle ()
Developing Concepts Activity (p. 848)
sin
sin2
4. no x-values
3
4
csc
9
1
16
sin
1
2
1
cos
cos2 x
1
cos2 1
4
Yes; its easiest to write everything in terms of sin and cos

and then simplify.
4.
1
cos2
x not 1
cos2
cos
Algebra 2
13
47
7
7
4
7

3
3
4
37
7
23
3
1
3
2
tan

3
3

2
3
cot 3
sec x 1sec x 1 sec2 x 1 tan2 x
9.

tan x
tan x
tan x
tan x
10. sin
486
3
2
sec
csc 2
sin2 x
cot
8. sin , < <
1 cos2 x sin2 x
sin2 x
tan
7
1. Trigonometric equations that are true for all values of x in
3. 1 sin2 x cot2x 1 sin2x
213
13
4 3
< < 2
3 2
7
sin2
16
2. sec , because sec
csc
52
169
7. sec ,
3. some x-values
their domains
39
1
169
sin2
313
3
, cot
13
2
cos
2. all x-values
sin2
sec
cos
Lesson 14.3
1. all x-values
4
sec2
9
13
sec2
9

key points: 0, 260, , 380 ,
, 140
4
4
1

2
2 xsec x cos x sec x cos x cos1 x 1

11. cos2
12.
2 x cos x sin x cos x 1

2
9 3
< < 2
4 2
20. cot ,
1
1

csc x
sinx sin x
tan
13. cot x tanx cot x tan x

14. csc x tan x
1
sin x
sin x
1
tan x
tan x 1
1
15. ellipse
sec 5
sin2
1
1
5
sin
csc
8
cot
3
1
25
5
73
5
tan 2
cot
64
1
sin2
73
1
2
sin
csc
5
6
18. sin , 0 < <

2
11
, < <
12 2
sec
sec
373
73
3
3
< <
19. sin ,
5 2
12
11
121
1
144
23
12
7
5
sin

2
23. sec
sin2
26
7
76
12
csc
56
12
tan
25
cos2 1
36
9
cos2 1
25
cot
26
5
cot
611
sec
11
tan
cot
511
11
11
sec
5
4
tan
3
4
4
cot
3
4
5
1123
23
10
3
, < <
3
2
3
10
9
1
100
sec
tan
cos
11
sin
5
csc
3
11
23
cos
6
csc
5
cos
1223
23
cot
5
7
25
cos2 1
49
cos
csc
tan
22. csc , 0 < <
73
497
97
sin
sin
873
cos
73
21. cos
sin2
9
sec2
64
81
1
97
97
4
3

17. tan , 0 < <
8
2
sin2
sec
csc
1

,0 < <
16. cos
2
5
997
97
cos
16
sec2
81
97
cos x cos x sec x
4
9
91
10
1091
91
91
3
391
91
1
3
< < 25. sec 2,
< < 2
6 2
2
24. tan ,
cot 6
1
cos
1
sec2
36
37
1
sin2 1
4
sec
cos
637
37
36
sin2 1
37
sin
1
2
sin
csc
3
23
3
tan 3
37
37
cot
3
csc 37

Algebra 2
487
5
3
26. csc , < <
sin
3
2
cos
39.
3
5
sec
9
cos2 1
25
cos
27. cot 3,
tan
1
4
5
tan
3
4
cot
4
3
5
4
cos
1 sec x
2
42. cot x
1
1

csc x
cos x sin x
cos x
cosx
cot x

29.
sinx
sin x
cos x sin2 x
1 sin
31. sin x1 cot2 x sin xcsc2 x

32. 1 sin2
tan
33.
2 x
csc x
34. cos
35.
2 x 1 cos
cos2 x
1
csc x
x
sin xsec x 1
1 sec x
sin x
sinx
cos2x
cos2 x cos2 x sin2 x
csc x
1
sin x
sin2 x
1
cos2 x
cos2 x
cos2 x
x csc2 x 1 1 cos2 x
x cot2 x csc2x 1
44. cos x sec x cos x
cos x 1
45. tan x csc x cos x
sin x
cos x
sin x cos x 1
x
cos x
2 xcot x sin x cos
sin x
47. 2 sec2 x 2 1 tan2 x 1 tan2 x

48. sin x cos x cot x sin x cos x
sin x
x sin2 x
2 xcsc x sin x sin1 x 1
cos2
csc2 x csc x
cos x
sin x
cot x

cos x
csc x
1
sin x
cos2 x tan2x 1

36.
cos2 x
sin2
2 xcot x csc
46. cos
2x
sec x sin x sin x

1 sec x
cos2 x csc2 x
1
2
csc 2
1
30. sec x cosx sin2 x
cos x
sin x
2
43. tan
2 x
3
sin
cos x
28. cot x sec x
sin x
sec x sin x cos
3
sin2 1
4
23
sec
3
sin x 1
1
1 sin x
cot x cos x
cot x
cot x cos x

tan x cos x tan x
tanxsin
x
2
41.
3
1 sinx
cot2 x
3
< < 2
2
3
1
sec2
3
40.
2 x 1
sin 2 x cos 2 x
sin x
1
csc x
sin x
1
cos2 x sin2 x

cos2 x
1 tan2 x
sec2 x
50.
cos2 x
sin2x
sin2 x
cos2 x
2
tan x
sin2 x
51.
52.
2 x 1
1 cosx
cos x
sin x
cos 2 x
sin x
49.
sin
cos x 1
1
1 cos x
cos x
1 sin x
1 sin x2 cos2 x

cos x
1 sin x
cos x1 sin x
sin2 x 1
1

1 sin2 x
1 2 sin x sin2 x cos2 x

cos x1 sin x
37. sec2 x tan2x sec2 x tan2 x 1
2 2 sin x
cos x1 sin x
21 sin x
cos x1 sin x
2
2 sec x
cos x
tan
38.
488
2 x sec x
1 csc2 x
cot x sec x sec x

tan x sec x
cot2 x
cot x
Algebra 2

53.
cos x
cosx

1 sinx 1 sin x
1 sin x
67. sin2 cos2 1
1 sin x
original equation
cos x cos x sin x

1 sin 2 x
1 tan2 sec2
divide by cos2
cos x sin x
cos x

cos 2 x
cos 2 x
sin2 cos2 1
original equation
sec x tan x
54. sin2 t cos2 t
y2
x2

1, circle
36 36
55. 1 sec2 t tan2 t

56. 1 sin2 t cos2 t
divide by sin2
x2 y2
, hyperbola
5
1
y2
9
57. 1 sin2 t cos2 t

58. 1 csc 2 2t cot 2 2t
59. 1 sin 2
1 cot2 csc2
x2
4

68.
, ellipse
y2
x2
, circle
64 64
x2
x 9x 4 0
x70
x90
x2
2x 3x 5 0
x 11 0
2x 3 0
x50
x8
x5
36x 16 0
2
64. Actual wheel: 20 revolutions
3x 13x 1 0
6x 4 0
3x 1 0
2
3
x3
6x 4 0
3x 1 0
t
t
, y 24 sin , x, y in ft, t in sec
6
6
b. x 19 cos 26
2
3
t, y 19 sin263 t

2
c. As speed increases, frequency increases and period
decreases, so b in y a sin bt and y a cos bt

increases. As diameter decreases, a increases.
66. path: x
2
2
t , y r cos
t .
p
p

74. cos1
2

45,
3

x 13

4
75. tan1 3 60,
60, 3
78. tan11 45,

4
77. sin1

3

1
30,
2
6
21 120, 23
79. cos1
80. y 4 sin x
amplitude 4
period 2
intercepts: 0, 0, , 0, 2, 0

,4
2
maximum:

minimum:
32, 4
1
sin x, cos y, so sin2 cos2 1
23
x
76. sin1
Model wheel: 37.5 revolutions
9x 2 1 0
73.
6x 46x 4 0
x
wheel rotates once every 15 sec, model once every 8 sec.
y2
x 2
x80
63. Actual wheel is 18 ft wide, model is 1 ft wide. Actual
2x 7x 15 0
x 11x 8 0
72.
x r sin
71.
x 11
h sin90 h cos

h cot
sin
sin
65. a. x 24 cos
x4
19x 88 0
even: cos, sec
3
3
x 9
x40
x 2
70.
t
t
cos 2
, ellipse
2
2 16
1
62.
x 2 5x 36 0
x 7x 2 0
x20
60. odd: sin, csc, tan, cot
61. s
69.
x7
y2 x2
, hyperbola
9
4
y2
x 2 5x 14 0
Algebra 2
489
81. y 2 cos x
Lesson 14.4
y
1
amplitude: 2
period: 2
intercepts:

3
,0 ,
,0
2
2

1. A trigonometric identity is true for all real values of x. A
trigonometric equation is true for only some values of x.
2. substitute and solve, graphing calculator, factoring, qua-
dratic formula
maximum: 0, 2, 2, 2
3. cos x 0 is also a solution, and the general solution
minimum: , 2
should be 2n, not 2.
82. y tan 4 x
1
period
4
4. 2 cos x 4 5
5. 3 sec2 x 4 0
2 cos x 1
3 sec2 x 4
cos x 2
1 1
asymptotes: ,
8 8
intercept: 0, 0
halfway points:
1
1
, 1 , , 1
16
16
1 x
8
1
8
2 cos x 3
cos x 1
1
2
cos x
3 x
2
x
14, 3, 41, 3
csc x
amplitude: 5
sin x
period:
4 ,0, 34, 0
sin x
2
5
3
2 , 5
y
2.69 2n
x1
16
25
cos x
amplitude: 10
2

2
tan x
x
4 , 0, 2 , 0
maximum:
8 , 10
minimum:
38, 10
x 0.45 2n,
cos 2 x
85. y 10 sin 4x
intercepts: 0, 0,
3
9
cos 2 x 1
25
maximum: 0, 5, , 5

period:
2
11
,
6 6
sin x
3
5
cos 2
3
9. 4 sin x 3
8. 3 csc x 5
84. y 5 cos 2x
minimum:
5 7 11
, , ,
6 6 6 6
intercept: 0, 0
23
3
7. 5 cos x 3 3 cos x
x 0,
1 1
asymptotes: ,
2 2
4
3
sec x
6. tan2 x cos x tan2 x

y
period: 1
intercepts:
5
,
3 3
x
83. y 3 tan x
halfway points:
x
sec2 x
4
5
3
4
x 0.6435
0.6435 3.785
2 0.6435 5.639
x 3.79 2n, 5.64 2n
10. 1 tan x 6 2 sec2 x
2
sec2 x 6 2 sec2 x
3 sec2 x 6
sec2 x 2
sec x 2
x
490
Algebra 2

3
2n,
2n
4
4
2 2 cos2 x 5 sin x 3
11.
23. 4 sin2 x 2 0
21 cos2 x 5 sin x 3

2
sin2 x
x
x
sin2 x
5 25 423
1
57
3,

22
4
2
sin x
7
6
2
tan x
2
x
1
3
3

5
n ,
n
6
6
cos xsin x 2 0
January 13 and November 28
cos x 0, sin x 2

2n
2
x
13. 5 4 cos x 1 0, x
26. 2 cos x sin x cos x 0
5 41 1 0
cos x2 sin x 1 0
yes
5
6
15. 4 cos2 x 3 0, x
220
cos x 0

6
2 sin x 1
330
sin x
yes
yes
x

4
2

3
n, 2n,
2n
2
4
4
2 sin2 x sin x 1
27.
2 sin2 x sin x 1 0
330
2 sin x 1sin x 1 0
yes
17. 2 sin4 x sin2 x 0, x
2 sin x 1 0
5
4
sin x
0.5 0.5 0
yes
18. 2 cot4 x cot2 x 15 0, x
x
13
6
x
yes
19. 2 cos x 1 0
cos x
5

2n,
2n
3
3
sin x sinx 1
sin x sin x 1
2 sin x 1
sin x
1
2

5
x 2n,
2n
6
6
tan x
x
5 25 411 5 21

4.79, 0.21
21
2
5

2n,
2n
6
6
22. 4 cos x 2 cos x 1
2 1.36 4.92
x 1.36 2n, 4.92 2n
3
1 sin x 3 cos x
29.
1 2 sin x sin2 x 3 cos2 x

1 2 sin x sin2 x 31 sin2 x
1 2 sin x sin2 x 3 3 sin2 x
2 cos x 1
4 sin2 x 2 sin x 2 0
1
2
2 sin2 x sin x 1 0
cos x

5
x 2n,
2n
3
3
2 sin x 1sin x 1 0
1
sin x , sin x 1
2
x


7
11
2n,
2n,
2n
2
6
6
1.36
3 tan x 3
1
2
sinx 1
1
2
x cos1 0.21
20. 3 tan x 3 0
2 cos x 1
sin x 1 0
28. 0 cos2 x 5 cos x 1
18 3 15 0
21.
tan2 x
25. sin x cos x 2 cos x 0
t 0.41 and 10.93
x
1
2

3
2n,
2n
4
4
x

12. 10 2.325 sin t 2.667 12.155
6
16. 3 tan3 x 3 0, x
9 tan2 x 3
4 sin2 x 2
5 sin x 3 0
14. csc x 2 0, x
24. 9 tan2 x 3 0

11
2n,
2n
2
6
Algebra 2
491
sin x 2 sin x 1
30.
39. sec2 x 2 0
40. tan2 x sin x sec x
sec2 x 2
sin2 x
sin x sec x
cos2 x
sin x 4 sin2 x 4 sin x 1
sec x 2
4 sin x 1sin x 1 0
4 sin x 1
sin x
x
sin x 1
x
1
4
3 5 7
, , ,
4 4 4 4
cos2 x
2 cos x 1

5
2n,
2n
3
3
x
2
3 5 7
, , ,
4 4 4 4
42. cos x csc2 x 3 cos x 7 cos x
cos x csc2 x 4 cos x 0
5 sin x 3
cos xcsc2 x 4 0
3
sin x
5
cos x 0
csc 2 x 4
csc x 2
x 0.64 2n, 2.50 2n

33. 5 cos x 3 0
3 5 7 11
x , , , , ,
2 2 6 6 6 6
34. 3 sin x sin x 1
2 sin x 1
3
cos x
5
sin x
x 0.93, 5.36
1
2
43. 3 tan x 1 13
44. 8 cos x 3 4
3 tan x 12
8 cos x 1
tan x 4
cos x 8
7 11
,
x
6 6
35. tan2 x 3
36. 10 tan x 5 0
tan x 3
tan x
2 4 5
, , ,
3 3 3 3
1
2
x 1.45, 4.84
45. 4 sin x 2 sin x 5
6 sin x 5
5
sin x 6
x 0.46, 3.61
x 4.13, 5.30
3 sin x 5 cos x 4
46.
21 sin2 x sin x 1 0
x 1.33, 4.47
2 cos2 x sin x 1 0
37.
5
,
4 4
1
2
cos x
1
2
32. 6 sin x sin x 3
x
x
2 cos2 x 1
31. cos x 1 cos x
x
sin x cos x
41. 2 cos x sec x

2n
2
cos x
sin2 x sin x cos x
2
sin x
2 sin2 x sin x 1 0
3 sin x 4 5 cos x
2 sin2 x sin x 1 0
9 sin x 24 sin x 16 25 cos2 x

2
9 sin2 x 24 sin x 16 25 25 sin2 x
2 sin x 1sin x 1 0
2 sin x 1 0
sin x
x
1
2
sin x 1 0
sin x 1
5 3
, ,
6 6 2
38. cos 3 x cos x
cos 2 x 1
cos x 1
34 sin2 x 24 sin x 9 0
x
24 576 4349
24 302

234
68
x 0.98
or
x 0.27
2.87
x sin1 0.98 1.36
2.87 0.27
x 2 0.27 6.01
cos x 1
x 0,
492
Algebra 2

47.
y 2 sin x 1
48.
0 2 sin x 1
y 2 tan2 x 6
53. y tan x sin x
0 2 tan2 x 6
y cos x
3 tan x
tan x sin x cos x
1
sin x
2
tan x cot x
3 tan x
7 11
x
,
6 6
x
2 4 5
, , ,
3 3 3 3
x
3 5 7
, , ,
4 4 4 4
54. y sin2 x
49. y sec2 x 1
y 2 sin x 1
0 sec2 x 1
sin2 x 2 sin x 1
0 sec x 1sec x 1
sec x 1 0
sin2 x 2 sin x 1 0
sec x 1 0
sec x 1
sin x 1sin x 1 0
sec x 1
x 0, , 2
sin x 1 0
sin x 1 0
sin x 1
sin x 1
y 3 cos x sin x
50.
0 3 cos x sin x
x
3 cos x sin x

2
55. y 2 sin x tan x
3 tan x
y cos x
x 1.25, 4.39
2 sin x tan x cos x
51. y 3 tan2 x
y 3 2 tan x
2 sin x
sin x
cos x 0
cos x
2
sin2 x
cos x 0
cos x
3 tan2 x 3 2 tan x
3 tan2 x 2 tan x 3 0
x
x
x
x
2
3
2 cos x sin 2 x cos 2 x

2 cos x 1
6
23
cos x
3
2 cos x sin2 x cos2 x 0
2 16
x
23
x
23
2 4 43 3
23
x
5
,
3 3
56. y 4 cos2 x
2 7 5
, , ,
6 3 6 3
y 4 cos x 1
4 cos2 x 4 cos x 1
52. y 9 cos2 x
4 cos2 x 4 cos x 1 0
y cos2 x 8 cos x 2
9 cos2 x cos2 x 8 cos x 2
2 cos x 12 cos x 1 0

2 cos x 1 0
cos x
2 cos x 12 cos x 1 0

2 cos x 1 0
cos x
1
2
2 cos x 1 0
1
2
5
x ,
3 3

cos x
1
2
x
1
2
5
,
3 3
57. highs: 6:12 A.M. and 6:36 P.M.; lows: 12:00 A.M. and
12:24 P.M. The water depth never goes below 7 ft.

58. days 141, 303365 or November 1 to February 10
59. June, July, August; no
Algebra 2
493
69. y 2 cos 4x
60. cos x 2 cos x
2 cos x 2
cos x
x
key points: 0, 2,
D
y 3 sin x
2 2 sin x 3
period:
1
2
sin x

4

1
124 231
234 121

2 3
2

23 1
2
0, 0,
34, 10, , 0

1
71. y 3 cos 2 x
72. y
4 sin 2
64. 1
66. 1

33
36
34
36
sin
2
4

65. 1
67. 1

,
2
2
1
4
1
, ,
4 4

2 x
4 , 14
1
3
36
3
36

33
36
33
36

asymptotes: ,

key points: 0, 1, , 4 ,
2

2
period: 2
11
12
11
12
2
period:
3
key points: 0, 0,
73. y 3 tan 2 x 2
68. y sin 3x
amplitude: 1
tan x
key points: 0, 0,

6
11
12
17
18
1
4
asymptotes:

3
36
2
36
period:
2 cos 4 sin 3 2

6
2
3, 0, 4, 3
2cos 4sin 2 3
0, 3, , 0, 2, 3,
3
key points:
sin 2
2 3

cos
sin cos 4 1 23
cos
period: 4
2 cos 3
4 , 10, 2 , 0,
amplitude: 3
4 3 43 1

,
2
2
63.
2 x
key points:
62.
amplitude: 10
2 sin x 1
2
1
2
2 x
8 , 0, 4 , 2,
70. y 10 sin 2x
2 sin x 3 sin x
3
38, 0, 2 , 2
61. y 2 sin x

period:
2
2
5
3
2n,
2n
4
4
1
2
3
2
amplitude: 2
2
2 , 2
6 , 1, 3 , 0,
26, 1, 23, 0

494
Algebra 2

1
74. y cos 2 x
6. period 2 so b 1
amplitude: 1
period: 4
graph is not a reflection
key points: 0, 4.14, , ,
2, 2.14, 3, , 4, 4.14
75. y 3 tan x
3
2
2
4 x
3
vertical shift k
7. period 4 so b
2 x

76. y sin 3x 4 1
amplitude: 1
period:
y 3 sin
y
1
key points:
0, 1, 0, 1,
12, 2,
1
3,
1
77. a2 502 432 25043 cos 45
a2 4349 4300 cos 45

a2
1308.44
a
36.17 feet
x
7
2
amplitude

1. sinusoids
2. Maximum and minimum points one-half period apart;
with this you can find the amplitude, period and horizontal and vertical shifts.
3. A graph that starts at a max or min at the y-intercept
2
so b 3
3
1 1
1
amplitude a
2
graph is a reflection of sin curve
graph is a reflection
vertical shift k
y 2 sin
5. period 2 so b
1 3
amplitude a
1
2
9. m 5 M 45
amplitude
h 20 cos
45 5
20
2
215 t 25

10. period

so b 4
2
3 3
3
2
y 3 cos 4x
11. period so b 2
amplitude
vertical shift down 2 units
y 5 sin 2x

45 5
25
2
2
one revolution is 15 seconds, period is
15, so
b
2
b
15

y cos x 2
51
3
2
x
3
4
amplitude
y sin 3x

4
51
2
2
vertical shift
Lesson 14.5
4. period
10 4
7
2
8. period 4 so b
2
3
1
6,
2
3,

vertical shift k

3

,3 ,
,4 ,
,2
2
4
4
1
2
10 4
3
2
amplitude a
key points:

8 2
3
2
y 5 cos x 3
period:
asymptotes: 0,
8 2
5
2
amplitude a
5 5
5
2
Algebra 2
495
2
so b 3
12. period
3
amplitude
2 2
2
2
2
so b 3
3
amplitude
y 2 sin 3x
vertical shift k
4 4
4
2
y 4 cos x
20. period 8 so b
amplitude
20
1
2
vertical shift k
20
1
2
15. period 4 so b
y 2 cos

2
2 6
4
2
1
2
3 3
amplitude
3
2
17. period 4 so b
amplitude
1
2
8 8
8
2
22. period
x
2
2
8
3
so b
3
4
amplitude
y 2 sin
95
2
2
23. period
18. period 12 so b
amplitude
1
6
5 1
3
2
95
7
2
3x
7
4

so b 6
3
amplitude
x
y 8 sin
2
7 3
2
2
vertical shift
x
2

2
7 3
5
2
vertical shift k
y 5 sin
x
4
2
16. period 4 so b
y 3 cos
60
3
2
x
3
4
amplitude
2 6
2
2
vertical shift
vertical shift k
y 3 sin

4
60
3
2
21. period 4 so b
y sin 2 x 1
amplitude
42
3
2
y cos 3x 3
14. period 1 so b 2
amplitude
42
1
2
13. period 2 so b
amplitude
19. period
11 1
6
2
vertical shift
11 1
5
2
y 6 cos 6x 5
vertical shift k
y 3 sin
496
1 5
2
2
x
2
6
Algebra 2

24. period 8 so b
amplitude

4
1
8
32. b
a
5 13
9
2
33. b
10 2
6
2
5 13
4
vertical shift k
2
k
x
y 9 cos
4
4
h 4 cos
25. period 6 so b
amplitude
0 8
4
2
vertical shift k
y 4 cos
35. T 776.36 sin

36. B
0 8
4
2
27. period

6
39. 36 18
44.
2 4
1
2
15
36
49.
x
1
6
46.
50.
1
36
1
2
42.
1
2
48.
1
9

36 4
3
2
2. 1 sin2 x
2 cos2 x
2 x
4. 4 cos2 x 3 0
4 cos2 x 3
cos x sin x
cos2 x
cept of a sine function without a

horizontal shift is midway between
the maximum and minimum y-values.
x
t
23
T 3 sin
12
t
31.5
12

5.
31. b
a
k
11 2
6.5
2
11 2
4.5
2
h 6.5 cos t 4.5
3
4
cos x
k0
t
20
12
cos x
sec x
cos2 x cos2 x
cos x
3. cosxcos
29. A sine function, because the y-inter-
T 2.5 sin
43.
csc x
y 2 sin 6x 4
30. T 10 sin
18 1

36 2
47.
2 xsec x
cos x
sin x
h0
2
41.
cot x sec x
2 6
4
2
2
3
b
2
3
5
36
40.
45.
3
1. tan
2 6
amplitude
2
2
7t 1.5 722.5
Quiz 2 (p. 868)

so b 6
3
28. a 4
t
47.6
6
2 4
3
2
vertical shift k
h 2.5 cos t 6.5
37. C
y 3 cos
94
6.5
2
y 1.5 cos 2x 5.5
26. period 12 so b
vertical shift k
94
2.5
2
38. b 2, a 1.5, k 5.5
x
4
3
amplitude
k

t6
8
34. T 27.7 cos
1
3
a
10 2
4
2
3

5
n,
n
6
6
3 sin2 x 8 sin x 3
3 sin x 1sin x 3 0
3 sin x 1 0
sin x 3 0
1
sin x 3
sin x 3
x 5.94 2 n, 3.48 2 n
Algebra 2
497
4. cos105 cos60 45
3 tan2 x 4 tan x 3
6.
cos 60 cos 45 sin 60 sin 45
3 tan2 x 4 tan x 3 0
x
4 16 43
4 2
3

, 3

3

3

2 3
2
Solutions:
2
5
n,
n
3
6
7. period so b 2
8. period 6 so b
amplitude 5
1
3
y cos
x
2
3
10. period 12 so b
amplitude 2
vertical shift 4
y 2 cos x 4

6
2 6
22 23 2212

6 2
tan 45 tan 30

1 tan 45 tan 30
3
1
vertical shift 47.6
t
47.6
6
3
3
1
3 3
3

3 3
3
Math and History (p. 868)

1. y sin 20 x
y sin 22 x
y sin 24 x
3 3
3 3
3 3
3 3
2 3
y sin 26 x
7. cos
y sin 28 x
y sin 30 x
2. 5
6. tan 75 tan45 30
amplitude 2.47
T 2.47 cos
sin 45 cos 30 cos 45 sin 30
vertical shift 2
y 5 sin 2x
5. sin15 sin45 30
amplitude 1
9. period 2 so b 1
12 22 23 22
3
11
cos

12
6
4
cos
3. 2, 1, 2
4. beatssec greatest common factor of frequencies


sinu v sin u cos v cos u sin v

cosu v cos u cos v sin u sin v
cosu v cos u cos v sin u sin v
8. sin

3

3
cos
sin sin
6
4
6
4
23 22 12 22
Lesson 14.6
1. sinu v sin u cos v cos u sin v
6 2
4
6 2
2 5
23
sin

12
3
4
sin
2
5
2
5
cos
cos
sin
3
4
3
4
tanu v
tan u tan v
1 tan u tan v
tanu v
tan u tan v
1 tan u tan v
23 22 21 22
6 2
4
2. a. 45, 30
b. tan 90, tan 60
3. Use tan60 45 or tan135 30
498
Algebra 2

9. tan
7

tan

12
3
4

tan
3
4

1 tan tan
3
4
tan
3 1
1 3
cos x
12.
cos x cos
3
cos x
2 sin x cos
x

tan
3
3
sin x 3 3 cos x
x 6 cos x 3 1 cos 2 x
4 cos 2 x 6 cos x 2 0
2 cos x 1 0
cos x 1 0
1
cos x
2
cos x 1

tan x tan
6
4

1 tan x tan
1 tan x tan
6
4
3
tan x tan
1
3
1
cos x
sin x
3
2
2
1
2
sinx
cos x
3
1
2
2
cos x
sin x
2
2

tan x
tan x
6
4
3
tan x
4
4
sin
cos x
3
3

2 sin x cos sin cos x
4
3
3
4
cos x cos
sin x sin
3
3

x ,0
3
21 23 cos x
3
1
2 sin x
cos x
3
1
2
2
cos x sin x
2
2
2 cos x 1cos x 1 0
tan x
sin x cos
sin x
2 cos 2 x 3 cos x 1 0
4

2 sin x
3
3
43

2 sinx
4
3
cosx
3
11.

2
sin x
sin x 3 cos x 3
3
tan x
13.

cos x sin
3
3
3
cos 2
sin x 1
2 3
3
1
1
sin x 1
cos x sin x
2
2
2
1 3
1 3
2 sin x

sin x sin 1 cos x cos
sin x sin
6
6
6
6
3 23 1

2
10.

1 cos x
6
6
tan x 1
1 tan x
3 tan x 3 tan x 1

3 3 tan x 1 tan x
3 tan2 x 3 3 tan2 x 3
3 tan2 x 32 3 tan2 x 32

9 tan4 x 3 3 tan4 x 9
6 tan4 x 6
1
12 sin x
3
cos x
3
2
1
2 sin x
cos x
3
1
2
2
sin x
cos x
2
2
1 cos x 3 sin x
1 cos x 3 sin x
1 3 sin x cos x
1 3 sin x 1 sin2 x
1 23 sin x 3 sin 2 x 1 sin2 x
23 sin x 4 sin2 x 0
2 sin x 3 2 sin x 0
2 sin x 0
sin x 0
3 2 sin x 0
sin x
3
2 4
x 0, , ,
3 3 3
tan x 1
5
,
4 4
Both solutions are extraneous. There are no solutions.
x

Algebra 2
499

2
2

2
4sin x cos cos x sin 2 cos x cos sin x sin
2
2
4 sinx 2 cos x
14.
4 sin x 2 sin x 2

2 sin x 2
sin x 1
3
2
x
tan 240 tan 45

1 tan 240 tan 45
3 1
1 3
1 3
1 3
3 3 1 3
13
4 23
2
2 3
15. cos x 1 2 cosx
19. tan 225 tan180 tan 45
cos x 1 2cos x cos sin x sin

cos x 1 2 cos x
cos x 1
tan 180 tan 45

1 tan 180 tan 45
1
x0
2
7.5
3
4
7.5
3
16. h3 3.75 sin 733 t
h2 3.75 sin 733 t
3.75 sin 733 t
2
7.5
3
sin 733t cos
20. sin15 sin30 45
3.75 sin 733 t
18. tan 195 tan 240 45
sin 733t cos

2 6
21. cos225 cos135 360
4
7.5
3
1466
1466
cos 733t sin
3
3

3 2
1 2

2 2
2
2
cos 135 cos 360 sin 135 sin 360

2932
2932
cos 733t sin
3
3

2
1
2
0
2
22. sin 165 sin135 30
3
1
cos 733t
sin 733t
2
2
3
1
cos 733t
sin 733t
2
2
3 cos 733t 0

2 2212
2 3
6 2
cos 733t 0
733t cos1 0
733t
t

n
2

n

1466 733

17. cos 210 cos180 30

1

500
23

3
Algebra 2

23. tan
1112 tan6 34
27. tan
5
2

tan
12
4
3
3

tan
6
4

3
1 tan tan
6
4
2

tan
4
3

2
1 tan tan
4
3
tan
tan
3
1
1
3
3 3
3 3
3 3
3 3
33 33 9 3
93
12 63
6
28. sin
25. sin

12 22 23 22

2 6
11
7

sin
12
4
6
6 2
4
81
cos2 v 1
100
16
1
49
sin u
33
cos v
7
33
tan v
19
10
9
19
733 1019 47 109
2 2 2
627 36
70
2
2 21 22
3 2

cos

12
3
4
cos
29. sin2 u
2
2

cos cos
sin
3
4
3
4
3
2
6 2
4
26. cos

7

7
cos
cos sin
4
6
4
6
sin
1 23 3
2
tan u
sin
5

5
cos
cos sin
sin
3
4
3
4
1 3
1 3
512 sin23 4
1712 cos53 4
1 3
1 3
2 3
2 3
24. cos

cos sin sin
3
4
3
4
12 22 23 22

2 6
1

2
30. cosu v cos u cos v sin u sin v
47 1019
419 933
70
31. tanu v

1
33
109
tan u tan v
1 tan u tan v
33

33
9
19
919

627 36
419 933
Algebra 2
501
7 10
627 36
70
1 211

2
15
33
19
9

10
4

7
47 1019
33
109
54 65 35
tan u tan v
1 tan u tan v
35.
627 36
sin2 v
25
1
36
4
5
sin v
tan u
3
4
tan v
11
11

5
4

6
5
11
1 211

2
15

tan u tan v
1 tan u tan v
5
3

6
5
15 411
20 311
15 411
311 20
41. tanx 2

42. tanx
tan x tan 2
tan x
1 tan x tan 2
tan x tan
tan x
1 tan x tan

sin x cos cos x sin cos x
2
2
2
3
3
3
cos x cos
sin x sin
sin x
2
2
2

cos x cos sin x sin sin x
2
2
2
3
3
3
sin x cos
cos x sin
cos x
2
2
2

1 cos x
6
6
45. sin x
11
2 11

3
10
20 311

30
tan u tan v
37. tanu v
1 tan u tan v

11
3

4
5

3 11
1
4
5
502
20 311
30
44. cosx cos x cos sin x sin cos x
43. sinx sin x cos cos x sin sin x
411 15
30
4

5
2 11

3
10
11
cos u
3

5
43 511

3 11
1
4
5
419 933
9
cos2 u 1
25
40. tanu v
15 411
30

9
33

4
19

33
9
1
4 19
11
419 933

70
34. tan u v
35 65 54
15 411
20 311
Algebra 2
46. cos x
47. cos x
48. sin x
49. cos x
cos x cos

sin x sin 1 cos x cos sin x sin
6
6
6
6
sin x 1
sin x 1
x
3
2

50. sin x
3
3
sin x
1
4
4
54. tanx cos x
3
3
cos x sin

4
4
sin x cos
sin x cos
tan x sin x 0
sin x
sin x 0
cos x
2 sin x 1
sin x sin x cos x 0
2
sin x1 cos x 0
5 7
,
x
4 4
51. sin x
sin x 0
sin x cos
x 0,

cos x sin
6
6
55. tan2 1

sin x cos cos x sin 0
6
6
sin x 0
x 0,
tan2 1

52. cos x
cos x
1
3
3
cos x cos

sin x sin cos x cos sin x sin 1
3
3
3
3
1
1 2
2
3
4
56. tan2 1
2 1
31

1 31 4 2
2 1 26.6
x0
57. P
53. tanx 2 sinx 0
tan x tan
2sin x cos cos x sin 0
1 tan x tan
tan x 2 sin x 0
sin x
2 sin x 0
cos x
58.
sin x 2 sin x cos x 0
0.4
216
cos
1100t
16
4
1
cos8 1100t
40
1
cos 1100t
40
1 2 cos x 0
1
cos x
2
WQ f tan t f tan t
f 1 tan2 t

NA
h tan
h1 tan t tan
t 0:
sin x1 2 cos x 0
5
x 0, ,
3 3
1
2
2 1 36.9
cos x 1
sin x 0
2
3
2
tan2 1
2
3 sin x 0
1 cos x 0
cos x 1

sin x
0
6
6

tan x tan
cos x cos sin x sin 0
1 tan x tan
2
2
3
3
cos x sin
1
4
4
sin x

0
2
WQ
f 1 tan2 0
f 1 0
f

NA
h1 tan 0 tan
h1 0
h
59. 28 cos 10t 38 28 cos 10 t
cos 10t cos 10t cos

cos 10t

38
6
10
10
sin 10t sin
6
6
3
1
cos 10t
sin 10t
2
2
3
1
cos 10t
sin 10t
2
2
cos 10t 3 sin 10t

cot 10t 3
t 0.26

n
10
Algebra 2
503
60. The plus in the first goes with the minus in the second, and
vice versa. sinu v sin u cos v cos u sin v;
tanu v
69. 5
42
tan u tan v
1 tan u tan v
5
61. a. It is periodic.
0.664
b. y 5 cos 880 x
880
70. AD
c. yes
62. cosu v cosu v
cos u cos v sin u sin v

sinu v
63. tanu v
cosu v
6
15
4
3
CD

4
6

3
14
2
4
146
73.

u v
2

13
6
9
72. B 180 60 95
25
sin 95 sin 25

5
b
b 2.1
sin 95 sin 60

5
a
c 153.2
42
2
6
2
6
a 65.8
2
4
0
3
sin 134 sin 28

c
100
2 u v
2
1
2
1
sin 18 sin 28

a
100
64. sinu v cos
cos
01

10 10
30
30
1
2
2
6
134
1
cos u cos v
1
cos u cos v
tan u tan v
1 tan u tan v

2
4
71. C 180 18 28
sin u cos v cos u sin v

cos u cos v sin u sin v
cos
146
1
0
70 20
1
0
cos u cosv sin u sinv

0
3

1
2
112
a 4.3
2411cos A
169 137 88 cos A

A 111

u cos v sin
u sin v
2
2
16 169 121 21311cos B

274 286 cos B
sin u cos v cos u sin v
B 17
65.
2
1
3
2
1
0
12
3
2

2
4
66. 3

3
3

2
2
12
15
67. 2

1
0

2
1

1
0
1
3

2
1

3
1
4

3
3
1
0
1
3
1

2
3
14

10
2
68.
1
0
7
5
9 6.25 4 222.5cos C

3
2

2
4
8
6
7
8

6
6
C 83
B 180 83 41
56
75. tan x 3 0
3
1
1
2
0
1
504
A 41
1.25 10 cos C
1
15

3
13
3
2
4 6.25 9 22.53cos A
74.

52
3
1
9
3
2
1
C 180 111 17
11.25 15 cos A
35

2
1

1
8
2
6
2
0
8

1
6

3
0

2
0
7
6
3
2
10
8
Algebra 2
tan x 3
x
2 5
,
3 3
77. 8 tan x 8 0
tan x 1
x
76. 4 cos2 x 3 0
4 cos2 x 3
cos x
x
3
5 7 11
, , ,
6 6 6 6
3 7
,
4 4

78. 5 8 cos x 1
15. cos 2x cot2 x cot2 x
8 cos x 4
cos x
x
cot2 xcos 2x 1
cot2 x1 2 sin2 x 1
1
2
cos2 x
sin2 x
5
,
3 3
2 cos2 x
16.
Lesson 14.7
48.6 2
24.3
1. double angles
2. 2 cos2 u 1 cos 2u; simplify and factor the numerator.
u
1
2
tan u
b. cos 2
4. sin
u

2
58 1029
6. tan
u

2
58 1029
58 1029
21
29
1
2
u

2
58 1029
7. sin 2u
9. tan 2u
0.42 to 1.15 radians or 24 to 65
cos u
5. cos
29
8. cos 2u
1
150 32
802 sin 2
0.75 sin 2
3. a. tan 2
2 sin2 x
29
20
29
14.7 Practice and Applications (pp. 879-881)

17. tan 15 tan
20
21
10. cos x 2 cos 2x 1
1 cos 30
sin 30
1
1 sin2 x 21 2 sin2 x 1

1 sin2 x 2 4 sin2 x 1
3 sin2 x
1
30
2
1 cos x
2 sin x cos x
sin x
2 cos x 2 cos2 x
12. sin x sin 2x
2
cos2
2 3
45
1 cos
2
14. sin
1
cos2
1 cos x
2
19. tan22.5 tan
1
45
2
1 cos45
sin45
1
1 cos x
2
2
x
x
cos
2
2
1
2 2
1 2 sin x cos x
2 tan x
tan 2x
1 tan2 x
2 tan x
13.

sec2 x
1 tan2 x
1 tan4 x
1
45
2
1 cos2 x 2 sin x cos x cos2 x
1
2
18. sin 22.5 sin
x
11. sin 2x tan
2
3

2
2
1 2
sin x
2

Algebra 2
505
1
2
20. cos 67.5 cos 135

24. cos
1 cos2 135
1
2
2
2 2
2

25. sin
sin150

1 cos150
1

2
1
3
2 3
2 3
2 3
7
1 7
sin
12
2
6

7
1 cos
6
2
1
2 2 3

1 cos
1
3
2 3
2
tan u
4
3
3

u
tan
2
2 3
2
1
1
3
5
1
3
5
2
3
5
4
5

2
9
1
25
4
5
u
sin
2

6
sin u
u
cos
2
2 2

23. sin
2
sin2 u
7
1 cos
4
2
3
1
3
5

5
6
26. cos u , 0 < u <
7
1 7
22. cos
cos
8
2 4
1
1 cos

1
sin
12
2 6
1

2 3

1
21. tan75 tan 150
2
5
1
5
cos
12
2
6
108 2 5 5
5
1
2
2 3
< u < 2
3 2
27. cos u ,
sin2 u
4
1
9
sin u
tan u
5
3
5
CONTINUED
506
Algebra 2

27. CONTINUED
cos

u

2
u
sin
2
30. tan x 2, 0 < x <
2
1
30
3

2
6
2
3
1
2
cos x
10
19
u
cos
2
10 20
19
50 519
10
u
tan
2
1
1
9
10
u
tan
2
4

5
1
1
4
4
3
2 5 5 54
3
2
22
, tan x 22
3
7
1 8

9 9
9
22
3
31 4 9 2
42
222

18
7
3 3
< x < 2
5 2
33. sin x ,
15
3
1
5

2
5
4
3
1
3
tan 2x
3
5
32. cos x , < x <
3
5
21
2
sin 2x 2
cos 2x
3
5
1
1
tan 2x
4 1
3

5 5
5
sin 2x 2
tan u
u

2
5
25
, sin x
5
5
sin x
16
cos2 u 1
25
cos
19

< x < 0
2
1
sin2 x 1
9
4 3
< u < 2
5 2

22
4

14
3
10
29. sin u ,
u
sin
2
10
50 519
10 19

9
10
19
10 20
19
cos u
tan 2x
cos 2x
919
tan u
19
3
1 4

5 5
5
cos x
10
25
5
cos 2x
1
2
19
cos u
31. tan x ,
81
cos2 u 1
100
, sin x
2 5 5 55 45
9
28. sin u
, < u <
10 2
1
sin 2x 2
6
5
u
tan
2
5
u
sin
2
5

2
45 2 5 5
5 3
1

4
2

9
cos2 x 1
25
5
4
3
cos x , tan x
5
4
5345 24
25
sin 2x 2
CONTINUED
Algebra 2
507
33. CONTINUED
45. cos 2 sin2
9
7
16

cos 2x
25 25 25

x
2
46. sin
1

1

2
cos 2 sin cos
sin
3
3 2
3
3
2
3
1 2cos x
cos xcos2 x sin2 x sin x2 sin x cos x

cos3 x 3 sin2 x cos x
48. sin 4 2 sin 2
2 tan x
36. tan 2x1 tan x
1 tan2 x
4 sin cos 1 2 sin2
1 tan x
2 tan x1 tan x

1 tan x1 tan x
2 tan x
1 tan x
49.
cos2
2x sin2 2x cos 4x
50. cot tan
37. cos 2x 3 sin2 x 1 2 sin2 x 3 sin2 x
cos 2x 2
x1

2 sec2 x
38.
cos2 x
cos2 x
40. 1 cos x2tan

sin x
1

1 cos x
1 cos x
x
sin x
1 cos x2
2
1 cos x
cos2 sin2
sin cos
2
2 sin cos
2
sin 2
2 csc 2
51.
1 cos x
1
2
sin x sin x cos x

1 cos 2x 1 2 cos2 x 1

2 cos x sin x
cot x
cos x
sin x
x
x
tan
2
2

42.
1 cos x
sin

1 cos x 1 cos x
2
sin x
1 cos x
1 cos x
1
2
1
sin x 1
2
1 2cos x 1
1 cos xsin x
41.
cos
sin

sin
cos
1 5 sin2 x
cos2
sin x
x
sin x
tan
1 cos2 x
2
sin2 x
cos 2
22 sin cos 1 2 sin2

cos 2x cos x sin 2x sin x
sin 2x
2 sin x cos x
35.

2 cos x
sin x
sin x
47. cos 3x cos2x x
1 cos x
39.
1
21 cos x
cos 1 cos
3
2
24
4

tan 2x
9
7
1
16
34. 2 2 cos x cos

1 cos
cos 2
2
2
1 cos x 2
cos x 1
cos x 1
1
sin x
2 2 cos x
2 sin x
43. sin x cos x sin2 x 2 sin x cos x cos2 x

2
1 2 sin x cos x
1 sin 2x
44. 1 cos 10x 1 2 cos2 5x 1 2 cos2 5x
no solution
52.
1
cos x cos x 0
2
1 2cos x 0
1 cos x
cos x

2
cos x
1 cos x
cos2 x
2
1 cos x 2 cos2 x
2 cos2 x cos x 1 0
2 cos x 1cos x 1 0
CONTINUED
508
Algebra 2

52. CONTINUED
2 cos x 1 0
cos x 1 0
cos x
x 0,
tan 2x
57.
2 tan x
cos2 x sin2 x

2
1 tan x
2
cos x 1
1
2
1 tan2 xcos2 x sin2 x 22 tan x
4
3
1 sec2 x 1cos2 x sin2 x 4 tan x
sin 2x cos x sin x
53.
2 sin x
cos2
cos1 xcos
x sin x
sin x 0
tan2 4 tan x 1 0
2 cos2 x 1
cos x
x
2
58.
2 cos2 x 1 2 cos2 x
x
sin x
2
sin x 0
2x
2 cos
1 1
x
2 tan x tan x tan3 x 0

tan x tan3 x 0
61.
x 0
sin 2x sin x 0
sin x2 cos x 1 0
sec x 0
x 0,
sin x 0
2 cos x 1 0
x
cos x 1
2
cos x
1 2cos x cos x 1
1 cos x

1 cos x
2
1 cos x
1 2 cos x cos2 x
2
1 cos x 2 4 cos x 2 cos2 x
x 2n,
2 cos x 1 0
cos x 1 0
1
2
cos x 1
1
2
2
4
2n,
2n
3
3
cos 2x cos x 0
62.
2 cos2 x cos x 1 0
2 cos x 1cos x 1 0
2 cos x 1 0
cos x
2 cos x 1cos x 1 0
cos x

n
2
2 sin x cos x sin x 0
sin
x 0,
cos x 0
cos x 0
2 tan x
tan x 0
1 tan2 x
56.
cos x 1
cos 2x 1
60.
tan 2x tan x 0
tan x 0
cos2 x 1
3
x 0, ,
2 2
2 4 5
, , ,
3 3 3 3
tan x1
2 cos2 x 1 cos2 x
sin x cos x 0
1
2
tan2
cos 2x
1
cos2 x
59.
sin x sin x cos x sin x
4 cos2 x 1
55.
tan
sin x
sin x
1 cos x
cos 2x 2 cos2 x
x
4 16 4 4 25

2 5
2
2
x 0.21, 1.38, 3.36, 4.50
3
5 7
x 0, , , , ,
4 4
4 4
cos x
x sin2 x 4 tan x
1 tan2 x 4 tan x
2 sin x cos2 x sin x 0

sin x2 cos2 x 1 0
54.
cos 2x
2
x 2n,
cos x 1 0
1
2
cos x 1
2
4
2n,
2n
3
3
5
x 0, ,
3 3
Algebra 2
509
cos
63.
x
sin x 0
2
68. x is a maximum when sin 2 is a maximum, at
sin 2 1, or 45.
1 cos x
sin x
2
69. ymax
1 cos x
sin2 x
2
70. sin

1

2 4.5
1 cos x 2 2 cos2 x
2 cos x 1cos x 1 0
cos x 1 0
cos x 1
1
cos x
2
x 2n,
1 2cos 1 2cos
72. A 324
162sin2

5
2n,
2n
3
3
1 cos x
cos x
2
1 cos x
cos2 x
2
162 sin
54.6
sin
73. n
n
1 cos x 2 cos2 x
2 cos x cos x 1 0
2 cos x 1cos x 1 0
2 cos x 1 0
cos x 1
3

2
1

cot
2
2
3.199
cos 2x 3 sin x 2
2 sin x 1sin x 1 0
sin x 1 0
2 sin x 1 0
sin x
x
1
2
cos
Algebra 2

2
76. A
tan

adjacent
cos 1

2 hypotenuse sin2 1 cos 2
sin2 x 1 cos2 x
510

2
2cossin 1 21cos cos 1

1 cos 1 cos

2cos 1
1 cos

2
1 cos x
sin x

sin x
1 cos x
11

2

opposite
sin

2 hypotenuse sin2 1 cos 2
3
2n
2
x cos2 x 1
1

cot
2
2
77. sin
cos2 u 1 cos2 u
sin2
75. D
66. cos 2u cos2 u sin2 u
67.
74. D
sin x 1
2 cos2 u 1
3

cos 30 cos sin 30
2
2

sin
2
6.398
1 2 sin2 x 3 sin x 2
sin
3 3 cot
x 2n
65.
sin
3 3 cot
cos x 1 0
1
2
2 602
1.5
cos x

cos
2
2
26
x
sin cos x 0
2
64.
71. A 324 sin

12.84
2
2 cos2 x cos x 1 0
2 cos x 1 0
1 2 2
v sin h0
64
1
1 cos

2cos
cos 1
2
2
opposite
sin

2
adjacent
1 cos

2. cos330 45 cos 330 cos 45 sin 330 sin 45

78. f x gx 4x 1 6x 10x 1
3
Domain: reals
79. f x gx 4x 1 6x 2x 1
80. f x
gx 4x 16x
81. f x gx
24x 2 6x
3. tan210 45
82. f gx 46x 1
24x 1
Domain: reals
Domain: reals
85. 0.137
86. 0.192
87. 0.1601
88. 0.063
89. 0.013
90. cos x
3
3
3
cos x cos
sin x sin
sin x
2
2
2
91. sinx sin x cos cos x sin sin x

95. tan x
4
96. sin x
22 12
34 3 cos 34 cos 3 sin 34 sin8 3

5. cos
3
6 2
3 tan2 x 4 tan x 3
x1

sin x cos cos x sin cos x
2
2
2
2
tan x 3 tan2 x 3 3 tan x

1 3 tan2 x
3
3 3
3 3
93. cosx cos x cos sin x sin cos x

94. sin x
63 3 9
93
tan2
tan x 3
1 3 tan x
3
3 3
3 3
1 3 tan x
1 3 tan x
1
2 3
tan x tan
3
5
5

5

sin
cos
cos
sin
4. sin
4
6
4
6
4
6

3

92. tan x
3

1 tan x tan
3
3
1
24x 6
tan 210 tan 45

1 tan 210 tan 45
83. g f x 64x 1
1
2
3
Domain: reals except

x0
Domain: reals
84. 0.025
4x 1
6x
6 2
Domain: reals
2

6. tan
4
3

4
tan x 1

1 tan x
1 tan x tan
4
tan x tan
3
20
2
2
2
3
2 6

tan
4
3

1 tan tan
4
3
tan
1 3
1 3
1 3
1 23 3
13
1 3
2 3
1
< u <
3 2
x 8.6
7. sin u ,
Quiz 3 (p. 882)

1. sin60 45 sin 60 cos 45 cos 60 sin 45

3
2
6 2

1
2
2
1
cos2 u 1
9
cos u
2
u
sin
2
22
3
1
22
3

2
3 62
2
Algebra 2
511
8. cos
u

2
u
9. tan
2
1
22
3

2
3 62
2 cos2 x 1 cos2 x 0
2
1
3
22
1
3
1

3 22
cos 2x cos2 x 0
20.
cos2 x 1
cos x 1
x 180n
sin2x sin x
21.
sin 2x cos cos 2x sin sin x
3 22
3 22
2 sin x cos x sin x
3 22

98
2 cos x 1
cos x
3 22
10. sin 2u 2
11. cos 2u
12. tan u
132 3 2 4 9 2
x n;
8 1 7

9 9 9
2 tan x
1
1 tan2 x
42
tan 2u
1
2
4
2n;
2n
3
3
tan2x 1
22.
2
2
2 tan x 1 tan2 x
42
2

7
7
8
1
8
tan2 x 2 tan x 1
tan xtan x 2 1
13. sinx 3 sin x cos 3 cos x sin 3 sin x
tan x 1
tan x 2 1
tan x 3
14. cos x cos cos x sin sin x cos x

15. tan x
4
16.

4
tan x 1

1 tan x
1 tan x tan
4
tan x tan
2 sin x cos x
sin 2x

sin x
2 cos x
2 cos x
17. 2 cos2
18.
1 tan x
1 tan x
tan 2x
2
2
x 67.5 360n; 157.5 360n; 247.5 360n;

337.5 360n
23. x
x
x
1 cos x
cos x 2
cos x 1
2
2
1
2

2 tan x
1 tan2 x
tan x
1 tan x
1 2
v sin 2
32
1
502 sin 240 77 ft
32
Chapter Review (pp. 884886)

Graphing Sine, Cosine, and Tangent Functions
1. y sin
19. sin 3x 0.5
sin2x x 0.5
1
x
4
amplitude: 1
sin 2x cos x cos 2x sin x 0.5
period: 8
2 sin x cos2 x 2 cos2 x 1sin x 0.5
key points:
2 sin x cos2 x 2 cos2 x sin x sin x 0.5

4 sin x1 sin2 x sin x 0.5
y
1
x
2
0, 0, 2, 1, 4, 0,

6, 1, 8, 0
3 sin x 4 sin3x 0.5

sin x3 4 sin2 x 0.5
sin x 0.5
3 4 sin2 x 0.5
sin x
10
x 10 120n; 50 120n

512
Algebra 2

2. y
1
cos x
2
amplitude:
7. y 2 tan
y
1
1
2
asymptotes: ,
key points: 0, 2,
0, 12, 12, 0,

3. y tan 2 x
1 1
,
4 4
key points: 0, 0,
1
, 1
8
period:
sin x
cos x
1
4
10. sin2
cos x
1
1
sin2 x
2 x
sin2 x
2 x 2 sin
x1
cos2 x 2 sin2 x 1
2
x
3
1 sin2 x 2 sin2 x 1
3 sin2 x 2
3
2
asymptotes:
9. csc2x cos2
sin x
18, 1,
4. y 3 tan
8. tanx cosx
asymptotes:
2 , 3,
Verifying Trigonometric Identities
1
2
2 , 1
1
1
1
1, , 1 , 0 , 2,
2
2
2
period:
period: 2
period: 2
key points:
12 x
11. sin2 x sin2 x
3 3
,
4
4
key points: 0, 0,

4
3
4
38, 3,
38, 3
sin2 x
cos2 x
cos2 x
tan2 x
sec2 x
tan2 x
1 tan2 x
12. 1 cos2 x sin2 x
Translations and Reflections of Trigonometric Graphs

5. y 5 sin2x
amplitude: 5
tan2 x cos2 x
period:
tan2 x cos2 x

key points: 0, 0, , 5 ,
4
Solving Trinometric Equations

3
,0 ,
, 5 , , 0
2
4

sin2 x
cos2 x
cos2 x
13. 2 sin2 x tan x tan x

y
sin x
amplitude: 4
key points:

0, 4, , 0 , , 4,
2
sec2 x 2 0
sec2 x 2
2 sin x 1
6. y 4 cosx
period: 2
14.
x

2
1
2
cos2 x
n

4
2
1
cos2 x
2

32, 0, 2, 4

x
2
cos x
n

4
2
Algebra 2
513
cos 2x 2 sin2 x sin x 0
15.
Using Sum and Difference Formulas
1 2 sin2 x 2 sin2 x sin x 0
22. sin 150 sin180 30
1 sin x

x 2n
2
0
tan2 3x 3
16.
tan 3x 3
2 tan x
2 tan x
tan x 3 1
1 tan2 x
tan2 x
tan x

2 tan x tan x tan3 x 3 2 tan2 x

tan3 x 2 tan2 x 3 tan x 3
tan x 3
tan x 3tan x 1 3
tan x 3 1
n 2 n

,

9
3 9
3
2 sin x 1
sin x
x
tan x 1 3
17. 2 sin x 1 0
1
2
5

2n,
2n
6
6
2 , 2, B32, 2
amplitude: 2
period: 2
y 2 sin x
23 2 212
6 2
4
sin x 1
3
2n
2
vertical shift
60
3
2
period: 4
x
3
2
2 , 1
amplitude: 1
period:
1 3
1 3
3 1
1 3
1 3
1 3
2 3
26. cos
amplitude: 3
1 3

tan
3
4

1 tan tan
3
4
sin x 1 0
20. A0, 6, B2, 0
3 1
tan
sin x 0
x n,
tan 60 tan 45

1 tan 60 tan 45
712 tan3 4
18. sin xsin x 1 0
y 3 cos
21. A0, 1, B
2 3
25. tan
Modeling with Trigonometric Functions

19. A
2
24. tan 15 tan60 45
tan xtan2 x 2 tan x 3 3
x
1
2
tan 2x tan x 3 1 tan 2x tan x
tan x 3 3
23. cos195 cos225 30
tan2x x 3
tan x 3 3
23 112
13
5
tan

12
4
6

5
tan
4
6

5

1 tan
tan
4
6
tan
1

1
3
3
3
3 3
3 3

3 3
3 3
6 2
y cos 2x
514
Algebra 2

Using Double-and Half-Angle Formulas
1
2
27. tan 165 tan 330
3
2. y 4 sin
2
2 3
2 3
2 3

43
29. cos
1
2

2 2
2
1 cos
5
8
1
2
2 4
2
2 2
2

key points: 0, 0, 1, 4,

2, 0, 3, 4, 4, 0
5
tan x
2

,
2
2
key points: 0, 0,
1
x

2
4 , 25,
4 , 52
4. y 2 tan 2x

1
30. cos
cos
12
2 6
3. y
asymptotes:
58 cos 21 54

period: 4
x
period:

amplitude: 4
1
135
2
1 cos2 135
1
x
2
2 3
key points: 0, 3, 2, 0,

4, 3, 6, 0, 8, 3
1
2 3
28. sin 67.5 sin
period: 8
1
2
1
amplitude: 3
sin 330
1 cos 330

Chapter Test (p. 887)

1
1. y 3 cos x
4

2

asymptotes: ,
4
4
key points:

4
5. y 3 2 cosx
y
1
period: 2
3
x
2
8 , 2, 8 , 2
amplitude: 2

1 cos
6
2
1
period:

, 3 ,
key points: 0, 5,
2
, 1,
34, 3, 2, 5
2 4
3
2 3
2
31. sin 6 sin 23 2sin 3 cos 3 0

Algebra 2
515
6. y 1 cos x
amplitude: 1
12.
period: 2
4 sin x cos x 2 sin x sec x 22 sin x cos x tan x

2 tan x
2 tan x
key points:
0, 0,
2 , 1, , 2, 32, 1, 2, 0
1
7. y 5 sin x
2
2 sin x cos x
1
sin x
cos x
2 cos2 x 1
sin x
13. 2 cos2 x tanx 2 cos2 x
cos x
2 cos x sin x
amplitude: 1
sin 2x
period: 4
2, 5, 3, 4, 4, 5
14. tan
1 cos x
x

2
sin x
8. y 5 2 tanx
key points: 0, 5,
cos 3x cos 2x x
15.

,
2
2
1
cos x

sin x
sin x
csc x cot x
period:
asymptotes:
2 sin x cos x tan x

tan x
cos 2x cos x sin 2x sin x

,7 , ,3
4
4

2
cos2 x sin2 xcos x 2 sin x cos xsin x
3 x
2
cos3 x sin2 x cos x 2 sin2 x cos x

cos3 x 3 sin2 x cos x

9. cos x
cos x cos sin x sin
2
2
2
16. 6 10 cos x 1
10 cos x 5
cos x
cos x0 sin x1

sin x
cos 2x sin x 1 2 sin2 x sin2 x

10.
cos2 x
cos2 x
x
1 sin x
cos2 x
cos2 x
cos2 x
17.
2 tan x
sec2 x
1 tan2 x
sec2 x
tan 2x

11.
2
2 tan x 1 tan x
2 tan x
1 tan2 x
5
,
3 3
tan2 x 2 tan x 1 0
tan x 1tan x 1 0
1 sec x
1 tan2 x
2
tan x 1 0
tan x 1 0
tan x 1
tan x 1
5
x ,
4 4
1
1
2
tanx 2 sinx 0
18.
tan x tan
2sin x cos cos x sin 0
1 tan x tan
tan x 2sin x 0
tan x 2 sin x 0
tan2
x
tan2 x 1
sin x 2 sin x cos x

0
cos x
sin x 2 sin x cos x 0
sin x1 2 cos x 0
sin x 0
1 2 cos x 0
cos x
1
2
5
x 0, ,
3 3
516
Algebra 2

24. cos 375 cos330 45
19. 4 3 sec2 x 0
1
4
3
cos2 x
3
cos2 x
4
3
cos x
25. tan
n
x
6
2

2

n
n ,
2
4
2
21. cos x csc x 3 cos x 7 cos x

2
csc2 x 4 0
26. sin
csc2 x 4
2
sin x
2 2
2
1

2
6 2

4
23. tan 112.5 tan
1
225
2
2
1
2

2 2
2
2 2
2 2
22 2

42
2 1

3 3
3 3
3 3
3 3
9 63 3
93
2
27. cos

1 cos

4
2
1
2
2 2
2
41
1 41
cos
12
2 6

sin 225
1 cos 225
3
3
22. sin 345 sin300 45

1
3

1
sin
8
2 4

5

n
x n , n ,
2
6
6
3
2 3
cos xcsc2 x 4 0
1
1 2 sin2 x 0
cos x 0
6 2

5
tan
4
6

5

1 tan
tan
4
6
cos x1 2 sin2 x 0
x
tan
cos x 2 sin2 x cos x 0
sin x
cos x sin x2 cos x sin x 0
cos x 0
5
13
tan

12
4
6
cos x sin x sin 2x 0
20.
23 22 21 22

1 cos
41
6
2
1
3
2 3
2
28. amplitude: 3

period:
3
vertical shift: 2
29. amplitude: 3
period: 2
y 3 cos x
y 3 cos 6x 2
Algebra 2
517
30. amplitude: 1
31. amplitude:
62
2
2
period: 2
period: 12
y sin x 1
vertical shift: 4
y 2 sin
tan x sin 2x 2 sin2 x

1
1 4 sin x
8.
sin x
cos x
t
4
6
2 sin x cos x 2 sin2 x

1 4 sin x
2 sin2 x 2 sin2 x
1
1 4 sin x
32. T 17 sin0.4t 1 87.3
4 sin2 x
1
1 4 sin x
Standardized Test (pp. 888889)

1. D 2. E

3. sin
x tan2 x cos2x tan2 x
2
2
cos2 x tan2 x cos2 x tan2 x

sin2 x cos2 x tan2 x
1 tan x
2
2 sin x tan
9.
cos
2 sin x
1 sincosx x
sin2 x 1
21 cos x
cos2 x
4. tan2 x cos x cos x
10. B
tan2 x 1
11. B
12. a. R 1.1 sin0.5t 1.8 6.5
tan x 1
S 1.1 sin0.5t 1.1 18.5
b. periods: 12 months, amplitudes; just over 1 hour, local
5
1 5
tan
12
2 6

56

5
1 cos
6
sin
1
2
1
3
1
2 3
2 3
2 3
D
9
sin2 1
25
sin
max: R in January, S in June, local min: R in June, S in

December; alike in that both have the same period and
amplitude, different in that phase shift makes one
increase as the other decreases and vice versa.
c. hours of daylight
d. D has local max and min at same times as S, and R has a
min wherever D and S have a max, and vice versa. As

sunrise gets earlier, the sun sets later and the hours of
daylight are longer.
13. a. Dm 3.6 sin0.5t 1.3 12.2
2 3
6.
x
2

x sinx 1
2
sec2 x
5. tan
1
b. DT 2.1 sin0.5t 1.4 12.1

c. periods: 12 months, amplitudes: DT about 2, Dm about 4,
local max in June, local min in December; Graphs have

same periods, maxes and mins, but Dm has greater amplitude. They intersect in March and September.
7. C
4
5
518
Algebra 2

b 9 1
Cumulative Practice (pp. 890891)
b 8
1. y 2x 7
2. m
1
20

3 5
4
x
3. x 4
1
y xb
4
8.
57
6
0
21a 12c 6
Mult. by 3
10
510 3c 1
3c 51
4. x 2y 6
x 2y 6
3x y 4
Mult. by 2 6x 2y 8
2 2y 6
7x
14
2y 4
2
c 17
5b 3d 6 Mult. by 4 20b 12d 24
3d 126
d 42
x
3y 12
3x y 4z 10
y4
x z 6 Mult. by 3 3x 3z 18
3x 4z
3x 4z 14
9.
10 24
17
42
1
a

0
c
28

14
8a c 6
z 4
2a 0 3
x 4 4 10
a
x 10
y2
6x 9 y 2 8y 16 9
x
x 32 y 42 9

12 c 6
8d0
d8
32
18
1
8
10. 2x x 4 3x 10 2x 2 4x 6
5
1
12.
4a 3c
a c 3 Mult. by 4 4a 4c
12
c
14
c 14
a 14 3
2x3 5x 2 13x 4
4
x 2 2x 1
x2
x 2 x3 0x 2 5x 6
x3 2x 2
2x 2 5x
2x 2 4x
x 6
a 11
4b 3d 5
c 18
3
2
11. x 42x 2 3x 1 2x3 3x 2 x 8x 2 12x 4
b
2

d
3
4a 3c 2
c6
Solution: 0, 4, 3.84, 1.12

0
2
b1
6x 8y 16 0
3
a

1
c
32
2b 0 2
x 2 y 2 16
x2

b
6

d
3
8
8b d 0
Solution 10, 4, 4

6.
24
x 2y z 2
x 2y z 2
524 3d 6
x y z 10
x y z 10
21b 12d
7b 4d 0 Mult. by 3
Solution 2, 2
y 2
14

5
1
y x
4
4
7.
b
1

d
2

3
a

4
c
7a 4c 2
5
b
4
x2
11
5a 3c 1 Mult. by 4 20a 12c 4
1
0 5 b
4
5.
8
9
14
4b 3d 5
b d 1 Mult. by 4 4b 4d 4
x 2
4
d 9
d
9
Algebra 2
519
13.
x6
8x 10
2x
48. sin45 sin45 90
x 6x 6 4x 5x 6
x
2
4x 19x 30
x4
6x
14.

x 2x 5 x 2
x 5 6x x 2 x 20

x5
x 2 3x 10
15.
x 2 7x 20
x 2 3x 10
1
4xx 7 x 7
4x

x7 x7
x 2 49
16.
1
3
4
17. 125
5
1 1
19.
1

5
93
2
18.
27
4 10,000
4 104 10
20.
1
4
21. log2
16
22. log3 81 4
24. log 0.01 2
25. log5 1 0
23. ln e7 7

5
5 0 0 2
,
,1
2
2
2

30. 25, n2
33. 14, 5n 11
34. 16
32. 162, 2
38. 720
40. 6
56. tan1 3
2
, 120
3
57. A 65, a 7, b 4
sin 65 sin B

7
4
sin 84 sin 65

c
7
sin B 0.5179
sin 110 sin A

9.46
3
sin A 0.2980
A 92
sin 92 sin B

10
9
sin B 0.8995
42. 6
43. 35
B 64
C 180 64 92 24
1
44. A 1211.39 84.47 cm2
2
60. A 63, c 13, b 20
1
45. A 364.71
2
62. a 7, b 4, c 6
1
46. A 92.09 9.42 ft2
2
84.82 in.2
47. tan 390
520
c 7.68
cos A 0.0417
3n1
41. 8
100 81 16 294cos A
10 160
39. 90

2
3
, 45 55. cos1
, 135

4
2
4
59. a 10, b 9, c 4
36. 1000 500 250 125 62.5 1937.5
3
2
1

, 90 53. sin1 , 30
2
6
2
A 17
35. 2 5 8 11 14 40
37.
53 21
C 180 110 17 53
7 2 0, 4 2 3 72, 12
1 4n
,2
2
31.
51. cos
b 9.46
29. d 7 02 4 32 98 9.90
midpoint
1
b2 9 64 238cos 110
1 2 4 3
1 1
,
,
2
2
2 2

3
tan
4
58. B 110, a 3, c 8
28. d 1 22 4 32 58 7.62
midpoint
C 180 31 65 84
27. d 5 02 0 22 29 5.39
midpoint
B 31
26. d 0 32 0 82 73 8.54
03 08
3
midpoint
,
, 4
2
2
2
1
1
sin 90
3

4
54. tan1 1
4x 2 27x 7

x 2 49
22
50. cot
52. cos1 0
4x 2 28x x 7

x 2 49
82
3
49. csc 90
2
Area 115.8
61. C 98, a 34, b 20
Area 336.7
Area 12.0
3
Algebra 2

63. y 4x 7, 1 x 2
68. y 3 tan
1
x
2
period: 2

2
asymptotes: ,
64. y
1
2 x
key points: 0, 3,
3
8 , 2.8,
8 , 3.2
10 x 2
y
69. tanx tan x sec2 x tan x tan x sec2 x
tan xsec2 x 1
tan xtan2 x
tan3 x
1
1
sin
x
65. y 5 cos 2x
70.
y
2 x
sin x
cos x
cot x
sin x
71. tan x sec x csc x sec2 x
amplitude: 5
period:

1
key points:
0, 5,

2
4 , 0, 2 , 5,
72.
sin x
x
key points:
0, 0, 1.5, 4, 3, 0,

67. y 5 sin 4x
amplitude: 1
2
key points: 0, 5,
8 , 4, 4 , 3, 38, 4, 2 , 5

2
3
x
10
2
2 cos2
x
1
2
cos2
1
x

2 2
74. cos x sin2 x cos x 0
cos xsin2 x 1 0
cos x 0
sin2 x 1 0
sin x 1
2
x
cos
2
2
x
x

n
2

n
2
75. sin 255 sin225 30


5
4
2n,
2n
3
3
73. 2 cos2
4.5, 4, 6, 0

2
1
sin x
3 sin x 3 5 in x
amplitude: 4
period:
2 sin x 3
1
x
3
period: 6
csc x
34, 0, , 5

66. y 4 sin
cos x sin x cos2 x
sin2 x 1
sin x cos2 x
sin x
cos x
2
23 2212
6 2
4
Algebra 2
521
76. sin 157.5 sin
1
315
2
1 cos2 315
2
1
2 2
2
sin 210
1 cos 210
1
3
8
83. tan 39.8
794
x
x 953 ft
84. H 12 sin t
The Mathematics of Music (pp. 892893)
Investigation
1
77. tan 105 tan 210
2
82.
1. The frequency decreases as the water level decreases. You
can tell because the pitch decreases as you remove water

from the bottle, and we know the smaller the frequency,
the lower the pitch.
6. Middle C: y sin 524 x; D: y sin 588 x
1
2
E: y sin 660 x; F: y sin 698 x
3
G: y sin 784 x; A: y sin 880 x
1
2 3
2 3
2 3
B: y sin 988 x; C: y sin 1046 x
2 3
78. tan

1
tan
12
2 6
sin

6
1 cos

6
1
2
1
3
1
2 3
2 3
2 3
2 3
79. cos
1 13
13
cos
12
2 6

cos
13
6
2
1
3
2 3
2
80. No, because the absolute value of f z increases.

81. mean: 72.4, median: 73, mode: 74, 76,
range: 78 66 12
standard deviation: 3.69
522
Algebra 2


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CH 14

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CHAPTER 14

Think & Discuss (p. 829)

3. The time between revolutions would be shorter; the

height would be shorter.

14.1 Guided Practice (p. 835)

1. cycle: a repeating pattern

period: the horizontal length of this pattern

y a cos bx, Domain: reals, Range: a y a

y a tan bx, Domain: all reals except odd multiples of

Copyright McDougal Littell Inc.

161 , 0, 163 , 0

12 , 1,  12 , 1

intercepts: 0, 0, 2, 0, 4, 0

minimum: 3, 1

52, 0, 152, 0

maximum: 0, 1, 10, 1

minimum: 5, 1

maximum: 0, 5, 3, 5

intercepts: 0, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0

24. amplitude: 0.5

14.1 Practice and Applications (pp. 835837)

The pendulum travels 4 inches horizontally.

maximum: 0, 1,

16 , 2 16 , 2

Copyright McDougal Littell Inc.

maximum: 0, 4, 2, 4

48. y 4 sin 12x

50. Periodic motion is modeled by y a sin

intercepts: 0, 0, , 0, 2, 0

maximum: 0, 2,

maximum: 0, 3, , 3

halfway points: 1, 1, 1, 1

43. y 2 cos 6x

42. y tan 4x

34, 2,  34, 2

intercepts: 0, 0, 4, 0, 8, 0

52. P 3 sin 440 t; 220 Hz

Copyright McDougal Littell Inc.

Domain: all reals except multiples of 

Range: all reals

14.1 Mixed Review (p. 837)

61. y 2x 52 4

Vertex: 3, 7

63. y 4x 22 1

Domain: all reals except multiples of 

64. y 3x 12 6

Vertex: 2, 1

66. y 10x 42 3

Vertex: 1, 2

Copyright McDougal Littell Inc.

Developing Concepts Activity 14.2 (p. 839)

1. a. Second is first reflected in x-axis.

c. Second is first reflected in x-axis.

2. a. Second is first shifted right

3. a. Second is first shifted up 1.

79. 2000 1000e0.015t

Technology Activity 14.1 (p. 838)

period: 4, 2, 

2. amplitude: 10, 20, 40

period: 6, 2,

period: 6, 2,

Copyright McDougal Littell Inc.

54, 2, 34, 2

12 , 1, 12 , 1

intercepts: 0, 0, 2, 0, 4, 0

minimum: 3, 1

52, 0, 152, 0

maximum: 0, 1, 10, 1

minimum: 5, 1

maximum: 0, 5, 3, 5

16 , 2 16 , 2

maximum: 0, 4, 2, 4

intercepts: 0, 0, , 0, 2, 0

maximum: 0, 3, , 3

43. y 2 cos 6x

42. y tan 4x

34, 2, 34, 2

52. P 3 sin 440 t; 220 Hz

Domain: all reals except multiples of

Domain: all reals except multiples of

period: 4, 2,

period: 6, 2,

period: 6, 2,

13. y sin x 2 3

14. y 4 cos 2x 1

intercepts: , 0, , 0,

34, 1, , 5

4 , 0, , 3,

16. d 150 tan 250

15. y tan 2x 5

0, 0, 2, 0

on y 250: 0, 250

key points: 0, 2, , 3,

key points: 0, 4,

32, 2, 2, 1

32, 1, 2, 0

key points: 0, 1,

key points: 0, 2,

32, 3, 2, 2

4, 0, 6, 4, 8, 0

key points: 0, 0, 2, 4,

32, 1, 2, 4

32, 1, 2, 0

key points: 0, 0,

key points: 0, 0,

2, 2, 3, 1, 4, 2

2 , 4, 34, 5, , 4

key points: 0, 4,

38, 5, 2 , 2, 0, 2

32, 1, 2, 2

key points: 0, 2,

2 , 2, 34, 1, , 2

32, 2, 2, 6

50. y sin 2x 2 5

C 5000 2000 sin

59. R 25,000 15,000 cos

0, 40,000, 6, 25,000, 12, 10,000, 18, 25,000,

key points: 0, 100,

sin 45, csc 54

62. d 80 tan 300, where 0 75

78. 676 100 b2

77. 400 144 b2

61. d 250 tan 100, where 0 21.8;

2, 1.5, 3, 0, 4, 1.5

tan 26, cot

key points: 0, 0,

15. y 3 tan 2x

1, 0, 1.5, 2, 2, 0

key points: 0, 0.5, 0.5, 2,

key points: 0, 4,