The Energy Efficient

With the advancement of technology, the world has become too much dependent on artificial lighting. In fact, to light up the world with electricity, it has been estimated that 2.1 trillion kilowatt-hour per year of electric energy is needed for lighting alone or the equivalent of 1000 power plant. This means that for lighting alone, the world emits an additional 2,893 million tons of CO2 annually in the atmosphere for the generation of electricity.

In the Philippines, the Department of Energy (DOE) estimates that at least 154 billion kilowatt-hour of energy will be needed in the next decade for lighting, unless the market and the end-users transform fast enough to more efficient lightings, the Philippines may contribute as much as 84,546,000 tons of CO2 in the greenhouse gas emission during this 10-year period.

2. OBJECTIVES

a. This presentation aims to encourage the lighting users to be a catalyzing force to accelerate the obsolescence of inefficient lightings. b. To show the benefits of using this type of lighting fixtures and generate savings on energy expenditures, enhance energy security and contribute to global effort to slow down global warming.

3. Discussion
Generation of electricity is one of the largest source of CO2 emission in the world. The combustion of fossil fuel such as coal is the primary source of emission. Coal supplies 57% of the total energy harnessed to generate electricity. Presence of too much CO2 in the atmosphere will create greenhouse effect on earth which in turn cause global warming and climate change.

3.1 Definition of terms

Luminous Flux All the radiated power emitted by a light source and perceived by the eyes.

ILLUMINANCE/ILLUMINATION The measure of the amount of light falling on a surface. Unit of measurement- LUX

Luminous Efficacy
Refers to the efficiency with which the electrical power consumed is converted into light. The unit of measurement is lumens per watt (lm/w).

3.2 Most Commonly Used Types of Lamps Today.

a. Incandescent Lamps Produce light by the passage of an electric current through a filament which heat it into incandescence. b. Electric Discharge Lamps Produce light by the passage of an electric current through a vapor or gas. - Low intensity discharge lamps. - High intensity discharge lamps.

The fluorescent lamps

A glass tube coated with phosphor on its inside surface and filled with argon gas or sometimes a mixture of argon and krypton with a small amount of mercury inside. Types of fluorescent lamps T12 38 mm diameter T 10 32 mm diameter T 8 - 26 mm diameter T5 - 16 mm diameter T2 - 7 mm diameter

Linear Tubular Fluorescent Lamps The most common used old type 1.2 m 40 watt fluorescent lamp (F40T12) is filled with argon gas. It uses halophosphor coating. The newer 36 watts T8 FL has basically the same construction although smaller in diameter and is filled with argon or sometimes mixture of argon and krypton. Its coating is either halophosphor or triphosphor. The newest T5 uses only triphosphor.

Advantage of using triphosphor lamps Fluorescent coating is subjected to natural ageing during its lamp life which results into decrease in luminous flux, but with the use of triphosphor coating, this disadvantage has been minimized and 90% of its luminous flux is maintained even after 12,000 hrs of operation. In addition triphosphor lamps ensures lower power consumption to generate more light, and fewer lamps to produce same brightness.

Linear fluorescent lamp comparison

No. Parameters
28 W T8
Triphosphor Fluorescent Lamp

32 W T8
Triphosphor Fluorescent Lamp

32 W T8
Standard Fluorescent Lamp

36 W T8
Triphosphor Fluorescent lamp

36 W T8
Standard Fluorescent Lamp

40 W T12
Standard Fuorescent Lamp

1 2 3 4 5 6

Rating Length Diameter Life Time

28 W 1.2 m 26 mm 26,000 hrs. 2725 lm

32 W 1.2 m 26 mm 20,000 hrs. 2950 lm

32 W 1.2 m 26 mm 20,000 hrs. 2700 lm

36 W 1.2 m 26 mm 20,000 hrs. 3250 lm

36 W 1.2 m 26 mm 8,000 hrs. 2600 lm

40 W 1.2 m 38 mm 8,000 hrs. 2500 lm

Luminous flux Efficiency

97.32 lumens/ watts

92.18 Lumens/ watts

84.38 Lumens/ watts

90.27 Lumes / watts

72.22 Lumens/ watts

62.50 Lumens/ watts

T5 Linear fluorescent lamp One significant change introduce in this system is the lamp length and wattages are different to those available with either T8 or T12 fluorescent lamps. These lamps available in lengths which are approximately 50 mm shorter than the most commonly used T8 & T12 lamps. T5 lamps are more environmentally friendly than T8 or T12 because of its reduce diameter thus reduce mercury content.

Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL)

By the name itself CFL are basically fluorescent lamps with phosphor coating inside and little amount of mercury with built-in ballast and starter. It differs only in shape and appearance, CFL can be fitted in a standard E27 screw-in socket and it can be directly substituted to an incandescent bulb.

Comparison between CFL and Incandescent Lamps

Types of lamp CFL Wattage Rating and Equivalent Average Light Output
5W to 6W 7 W to 8W 9W To 12 W 460 To 570 50 13 W To 14 W 760 To 800 60 15 W To 18 W 820 To 990 75 22 W To 23 W 1280 To 1300 100 750 To 1000

Average life in hrs.

5,000 To 8,000

Light output in lumens

240 To 260 25

350 To 400 40

Incandescent lamp Light output in lumens

200

390

520

720

890

1300

Energy Efficient Fluorescent Ballast

To generate light output from fluorescent lamp, ballast is needed. Good quality ballast accounts for 15% of lamp and ballast energy consumption while poor quality ballast can account as high as 30% . It is therefore very important to consider energy efficient ballast when choosing lamp and ballast combination.

Ballast Loss Comparison

Type of Ballast 18/20 watts Fluorescent Lamp 10-12 watts 36/40 watts Fluorescent Lamp 12-20 watts

Conventional Electromagnetic Low-loss Electromagnetic Electronic

6-8 watts

6-8 watts

2-4 watts

2-4 watts

Cost Effectiveness in Re-lamping using efficient lightings

Replacing 2 x 40W T12 FL with 2 x 32 W T8 FL electronic ballast No of fixtures considered Total lamp and ballast wattage Total light load ( kW) Energy consumption @ 6000 hrs/year Energy savings per year Annual monetary savings @ Php 10/kwh Investment 32W FL costs Php 250.00/pc Electronic ballast @ Php 1000/pc. Total investment 250,000.00 500,000.00 750,000.00 0.8 YEAR

Existing 2 x 40W FL
500 100 50 kW 300,000 kWh

Replacement 2 x 32 W FL 500 70 35kW 210,000 kWh 90,000 kWh P900,000.00

Payback (years)

LED Light Emitting Diode

The newest lighting technology in the market today are the LEDs. It is known as the green light because it does not contain harmful gasses and more environment friendly. LEDs are finding their way into many application within the lighting community. Research of many companies are underway to deploy LEDs even further. The ultimate goal is to move this special light source into common usage for general lighting.

Recommendation
Stop using inefficient lights now Lets retrofit our lighting system today and contribute to the global effort to slowdown global warming.

LETS GIVE OUR CHILDREN A SAFE ENVIRONMENT TO LIVE IN.

THANK YOU
Engr. Amando D. Lanuza, PEE amanlanuza@yahoo.com Reference: MANUAL OF PRACTICE ON EFFICIENT LIGHTING Published by: IIEE,inc. and DOE