Tools for Enhancing Writing Style

Writing Note Project for CPE

Authors: Ahmed Jibreel Ismail (S1203039), Mohamed Rai Asim (S1203069), Mohamed Allam (S1203063), Mohamed Iz-aan Ismail (S1203065)

Inversion
Any of several grammatical constructions where two expressions switch their canonical order of appearance. Examples 1) No sooner had he finished the homework, when the teacher walked into the class. 2) Only then did I understand the situation. 3) Little have I read regarding Biology.

Participal clause
A word group consisting of a present participle or past participle plus any modifiers, objects, and complements. Examples 1) Before entering the mosque you should take off your shoes. 2) On hearing that Alex was planning to marry, I decided to leave the flat to her. 3) After taking everything into account, I decided to leave school.

Cleft sentences
Used to help us focus on a particular part of the sentence and to emphasize what we want to say by introducing it or building up to it with a kind of relative clause. Examples 1) The reason why Ive come is to discuss my future with you. 2) All I want for christmas is a new coat. 3) What you should invest all your money in is telecom companies.

Nominalisation/Nominal Structure
A type of word formation in which, a verb, an adverb or an adjective is used as a noun, Examples 1) How he had a tolerance for her, I will How he tolerated her, I will never know. 2) He needs to change his thinking about He needs to change the way he thinks about relationships 3) The laughing child was watching The child was laughing while watching television.

never

know.

relationships. television.

Emphatic devices/lexis
Techniques used to make words and phrases stand out in the readers mind, such as repetition, italics, boldface type, etc. Examples 1) I want her to live. I want her to breathe. I want her to aerobicize. 2) The Americans are all mystified about why the English make such a big thing out of tea because most Americans HAVE NEVER HAD A GOOD CUP OF TEA. That's why they don't understand. 3) Bruce Wayne: People need dramatic examples to shake them out of apathy, and I can't do that as Bruce Wayne. As a man I'm flesh and blood. I can be ignored, I can be destroyed, but as a symbol, as a symbol I can be incorruptible, I can be everlasting.

Exemplification
It means using examples to explain, convince, or amuse. Examples 1) Kids have a sweet tooth, thats why they like stuff like candy, chocolate and ice cream. 2) Countries such as China are developing at a booming rate because of their abundant human resources. 3) Students like Jibreel, Iz-aan, Rai and Allam are loved by teachers because they are so punctual and well behaved.

Hedging
A word or phrase that makes statements less forceful or assertive. Examples 1) Its kind of fun to do the impossible. (Walt Disney) 2) I think that God in creating Man somewhat overestimated his ability. (Oscar Wilde) 3) I am a deeply religious nonbeliever. This is a somewhat new kind of religion. (Albert Einstein)

Evocative Lexis/Nouns
These nouns provide a better description to the subject rather than being general. Examples 1) the big dog the huge Tibetan Mastiff 2) walked into the room sauntered into the room 3) the shark the great white shark

Adverbial Clause
A dependent clause used as an adverb within a sentence to indicate time, place, condition, contrast, concession, reason, purpose, or result. Example 1) I generally avoid temptation unless I cant resist it. 2) I drank some boiling water because I wanted to whistle. 3) Experience is what you get when you didnt get what you wanted.

Sardonic tone
One of the main features of this tone is it is sometimes considered humor in the times of adversity.It is used to express cynicism, derision, and skeptical humor by writing, commenting, or a particular gesture. It is used to hurt someones feelings. Humor and irony are involved but mainly it is humor during adversity. Example 1) The food prisoners get is so good that they hardly chew it. 2) Im thrilled to stay after school to finish the project. 3) Boss: We're all on the company bus. You've been making some disruptive noises from the back. Are you planning on pressing the bell to get off soon? Employee: Who's driving the bus? (Sardonic answer to a ridiculous statement)

Concessionary clause
A clause which begins with "although" or "even though" and which expresses an idea that suggests the opposite of the main part of the sentence. Example 1) Although he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car. 2) Despite his high qualifications, he didnt get the job. 3) Thanks to our biology teacher we couldnt complete our English review.

Reference
http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/grammar-lessonconcessions.php http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-descriptive-noun.htm#did-you-know http://grammar.about.com/ http://www.thefreedictionary.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/

The aim of this project is to enhance our English writing skills and make our writing style more captivating. With the use of these literary tools, we hope to grab the attention of the examiner in our ESOL CPE writing paper. These findings could make our writings descriptive and vivid while still staying within the word limit and maintaining the enthusaism of the reader. This project also helped us better understand the intricacities of English grammar and how professional writers like authors use it to enhance their work.We recommend that all students make use of these helpful tools in their writing to hopefully score better marks in the exam.

Work Delegations Abstract: Ahmed Jibreel Ismail

Use of inversion, Concessionary clause/expressions: Ahmed Jibreel Ismail

Participle Clause, Cleft sentence, Sardonic tone: Mohamed Rai Asim

Nominalization/nominal Exemplification: Mohamed Allam

structure,

Emphatic

device/lexis,

Hedging, Evocative lexis/nouns, Adverbial clause: Mohamed Iz-aan Ismail