Deluvio, Rio Leonelle Domingo, Arvil Duma, Aaron Edu, Sean Galanga, Regine Tatel, Joseph

GROUP #3

April 15, 2013

Scientific and Technological Advancements of the World in Rizals Time (1801-1900)

Date February 21, 1804

Event The British, Richard Trevithick employed his steam engine to power a road carriage, the first steam vehicles to carry passengers. This invention is designed for road travels. For Filipinos, this this vital because it can make the transportation faster and some communications on different places. This invention is very significant to Jose Rizal's travels. He boarded the steam boat Salvadora in his first travel abroad. Also, when Jose Rizal first set foot on European soil, he boarded an express train to Barcelona.

1810

A German inventor, Frederich Koenig thought up an improved printing press which allowed the people to print documents. Printing press was very imperative. Like the Filipino journalists, they published easily and could finish their work fast; update each and every one for the situation or happenings of the Philippines. The invention of the improved printing press is very significant for it changed the course of history, as we know Rizal's works and books (Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo) were published in printing press mostly in Germany.

1829

An American, William Austin Burt invented a typographer, but changed into typewriter after some scientists improvised it; created for fast work like writing letters where it would just be typed. During 19th century, typewriter was already used by Filipinos especially in the field of journalism. They update each and every Filipino for the new news every day. But it was like in the latter part after Rizal died that the typewriter was used by Filipinos.

1846

Elias Howe invented the first American patent sewing machine where it is a process that used thread from two different sources.

One of the living of every Filipino during the 19th century until now is sewing. Through this device, it quickens the work of any tailor. July 1, 1858 Charles Darwin presented the Theory of Evolution where it presumed the development of life from non-life and stresses purely naturalistic descent and modification. For Rizal, Darwins theory had been one of his bases in writing the novel, El Filibusterismo because of its theme Survival of the fittest and elimination of the unfit. He echoed Darwins evolution theory of Origin of Species and struggle of existence. 1866 Alfred Nobel invented the dynamite where it would be used in blasting tunnels, building canals and building railways in all over the world. There are no records about dynamite-using during the 19th century in the Philippines. In other parts of the world, they used this invention as part of their work to lessen problems and stress. Invented to be used in a good way but it was not stated that it was created for wars. June 23, 1868 American, Samuel Morse invented the first telegraph. He was inspired to work on his invention by her wife who died without him knowing ahead of time due to long distance communication. The device was modified to emboss the paper with dots and dashes. It was recognized by the members of Congress witnessed the sending and receiving of messages over part of the telegraph line. Telegraph was very momentous before because it was used for communication. March 7, 1876 Alexander Graham Bell from Scotland invented the telephone because he was fascinated by the idea of transmitting speech and come up with a simple receiver that could turn electricity into sound. This invention played significant role in long distance communications. This turned transfer of information, ideas, and message faster than telegram. Thus, this had been one contributing invention to the worlds development during 19th century. For Dr. Jose Rizal, he wrote an article entitled "By Telephone" which was published in Barcelona in 1889. This article centered in condemning the rules of friars during his days. 1887 Heinrich Hertz invented radar after discovering the different radio waves which were used to detect them in the radar.

Radar was already used in this century (nineteenth) especially in detecting incoming either people, transportations or even opponents which trying to attack the country. 1888 You press the button and we will do the rest promised by George Eastman the inventor of Kodak Camera. Before, portraits were made where an artist would paint a picture, and it was very expensive. Through this Kodak Camera, one click of the gadget, it would be saved and it would be hassle-free. For Filipinos, they mostly use the photographs during this century as medium of news and information about the colony, as a tool for tourism, instrument for anthropology, social status, historical documentation, materials for propaganda, and as source of ideas for illustrations and engravings.

REFERENCES Alang, Dimas. (n.d.). By Telephone: Jose Rizal. Last modified April 14, 2013. http://joserizal.info/Writings/Other/by_telephone.htm. All About Science. (n.d). Darwins Theory of Evolution Theory of Crisis. Accessed April 12, 2013, http://www.darwins-theory-of-evolution.com./. BBC. 2013. History Historic Figure. Accessed April 12, 2013, http://www.bbc.co.uk/ history/historic_figures/nobel_alfred.shtml.

Beeching, Cyril Leslie. 1993. A Dictionary of Dates. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Global Granary. 2012. Dr. Jose Rizals Noli Me Tangere & El Filibusterismo.Accessed April 12, 2013, http://www.globalgranary.org/2012/11/24/dr-jose-rizals-noli-me-tangereel-filibusterismo/.

Inventors. (n.d.). George Eastman Invents the Kodak Camera and Introduced Photographic Film. Last modified April 12, 2013, http://inventors.about.com/od/ estartinventors/ss/George_Eastman.htm. Inventors. (n.d.). History of Radar. Last modified April 14, 2013, http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blradar.htm. Inventors. (n.d.). Stitches The History of Sewing Machine. Last modified April 12, 2013, http://inventors.about.com/od/sstartinventions/a/sewing_machine.htm. PMC. 2006. Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec (1781-1896): The Man Behind the Stethoscope. Accessed April 14, 2013, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pmc/articles/PMC1570491/. The Physics of the Universe. (n.d.). Important Dates and Discoveries. Accessed April 12, 2013, http://www.physicsoftheuniverse.com/dates.html#Early Modern.

Trager, James. 1992. The People's Chronology : A Year-by-year Record of Human Events from Prehistory to the Present. New York: H. Holt.