Criticisms of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs While some research showed some support for Maslow's theories, most research

has not been able to substantiate the idea of a needs hierarchy. Wahba and Bridwell reported that there was little evidence for Maslow's ranking of these needs and even less evidence that these needs are in a hierarchical order. Other criticisms of Maslow's theory note that his definition of self-actualization is difficult to test scientifically. His research on self-actualization was also based on a very limited sample of individuals, including people he knew as well as biographies of famous individuals that Maslow believed to be self-actualized, such as Albert Einstein and Eleanor Roosevelt. Regardless of these criticisms, Maslows hierarchy of needs represents part of an important shift in psychology. Rather than focusing on abnormal behavior and development, Maslow's humanistic psychology was focused on the development of healthy individuals. While there was relatively little research supporting the theory, hierarchy of needs is wellknown and popular both in and out of psychology. In a study published in 2011, researchers from the University of Illinois set out to put the hierarchy to the test. What they discovered is that while fulfillment of the needs was strongly correlated with happiness, people from cultures all over the reported that self-actualization and social needs were important even when many of the most basic needs were unfulfilled. REVISED At the top of the new pyramid are three evolutionarily critical motives that Maslow overlooked mate acquisition, mate retention andparenting. The researchers state in the article that while self-actualization is interesting and important, it isnt an evolutionarily fundamental need. Instead, many of the activities that Maslow labeled as self-actualizing (artistic creativity, for example) reflect more biologically basic drives to gain status, which in turn serves the goal of attracting mates. Among human aspirations that are most biologically fundamental are those that ultimately facilitate reproduction of our genes in our childrens children, Kenrick explained. For that reason, parenting is paramount. The researchers are not saying that artists or poets are consciously thinking about increasing their reproductive success when they feel the inspiration to paint or write. Reproductive goals are ultimate causes, Kenrick added, like the desire of birds to migrate because it helps them survive and reproduce. But at a proximate (or immediate psychological) level, the bird migrates because its brain registers that the length of day is changing. In our minds, we humans create simply because it feels good to us; were not aware of its ultimate function.

Yet it has a clear biological function to attract a mate. We suspect that self actualization is also simply an expression of the more evolutionarily fundamental need to reproduce. But, Kenrick adds, for humans reproduction is not just about sex and producing children. Its also about raising those children to the age at which they can reproduce as well. Consequently, parenting sits atop the revamped pyramid. There are other distinctions as well. For Maslow, once a need was met, it disappeared as the individual moved on to the next level. In the reworked pyramid, needs overlap one another and coexist, instead of completely replacing each other. For example, certain environmental cues can make them come back. If you are walking down the street thinking about love, art or the meaning of life, you will revert quickly to the self-protection level if you see an ominous-looking gang of young men headed your way. The new pyramid already has generated some controversy within the field. The published article was accompanied by four commentaries. While the commentaries agreed with the basic evolutionary premise of the new pyramid, they take issue with some of the specific details, including the removal of self-actualization and the prominence of parenting in the new pyramid. 1. Antas Ng Kita 2. Edad3. Edukasyon4. Panlasa5. trabaho6. Ibang Pagpapahalaga

Count 1745-1827 Alessandro Volta Italian Amadeo Avogadro Albert A. Michelson Hendrik Antoon Lorentz Heike KamerlinghOnnes Sir Joseph John Thomson Max Planck Pierre Curie Sir William Henry Bragg 1776-1856 Italian 1852-1931 German-born American 1853-1928 Dutch 1853-1926 Dutch 1856-1940 British 1858-1947 German 1859-1906 French 1862-1942 British

pioneer in study of electricity; invented the first electric battery developed hypothesis that all gases at same volume, pressure, and temperature contain same number of atoms devised an interferometer and used it to try to measure Earth's absolute motion; precisely measured speed of light introduced Lorentz transformation equations of special relativity; advanced ideas of relativistic length contraction and relativistic mass increase; contributed to theory of electromagnetism liquified helium; discovered superconductivity

demonstrated existence of the electron formulated the quantum theory; explained wavelength distribution of blackbody radiation studied radioactivity with wife, Marie Curie; discovered piezoelectricity worked on x-ray spectrometry

Philipp von Lenard FILIPINO

1862-1947 German

studied cathode rays and the photoelectric effect

1. Gregorio Y. Zara D.Sc. Physics: Invention of the two-way television telephone. 2. Magdalena C. Cantoria, Ph.D., Botany: Research efforts in Physiology, Morphology and Biochemistry drug plants. 3. Paulo C. Campos, MD: Nuclear Medicine. 4. Pedro B. Escuro, PH.D: Genetics and Plant Breeding. 5. Jose N. Rodriguez, MD Leprology: Research in leprosy. 6. Andre Konstantin Geim, Physics: Research in Graphene and diamagnetic levitation. 7. Konstantin Sergeevich Novoselov, Physics: Research in Graphene. 8. John Craig Venter, Biology: First cell with synthetic genome. 9. Stephen William Hawking, Physicist and cosmologist; research in cosmology and quantum gravity. 10. Michio Kaku, theoretical physicist: professor of theoretical physics and the co-founder of sting field theory.

PLACES National Institute of Physics, College of Science, University of the Philippines in Diliman, Quezon City. The Institute was established in 1983 by Presidential Executive Order transforming the then Department of Physics of the College of Arts and Sciences. The Institute is the best school of physics in the Philippines and aims to become one of the best in this area of the Pacific. Technological Institute of the Philippines TIP is leading the way in teaching, research and development, and extension service through innovation and closer linkages with industry through industry advisory boards. MFI Technological Institute Established in 1983, the MFI Technological Institute (formerly Meralco Foundation Institute) was established to help meet the industry demand for middle-level technical manpower. It has three main programs: the Industrial Technician Program (ITP) which targets the youth, the DTS or Dual Training System and the Technical Training and Testing Program (now MFI Training) which targets skilled workers, engineers, and other professionals. The National Academy of Science and Technology has formulated as its vision that of a progressive Philippines anchored on science. Being the highest scientific organization of the country, the Academy must lead in bringing the benefits of science and technology to the Philippine state, economy and society. It must also anticipate and, if possible, provide science-based solutions to the most difficult challenges. This mission must be based on its knowledge and continuing assessment of the needs of the Philippines. The Philippine Nuclear Research Institute is a government body in the Philippines, charged with overseeing the peaceful uses ofnuclear technology. Its main facility was a nuclear research reactor, PRR-1, first commissioned in 1963 as a TRIGA reactor and subsequently modified. As of 2007 it had been shut down since 1988.