WPS 595I - Interfacial Phenomena in Dispersed Systems

Syllabus Fall 2007 This course examines the physical chemistry of dispersed systems, i.e., liquid/liquid, gas/liquid and solid/liquid interfaces. Topics to be discussed include interfacial energies, adsorption of polymers and surfactants, self assembly, surface excess, emulsions, foams and solid dispersions. Characterization techniques and applications of these systems will be considered. Relevance of any given subject in the students research will be highlighted. Contact Information Dr. Orlando Rojas, Course Instructor Office: NCSU Wood & Paper Science, 2820 Faucette Drive, Biltmore Hall, Office 3205 : NCSU Box 8005, Raleigh, NC 27695-8005; : (919) 513-7494; : (919) 515-6302 : ojrojas@ncsu.edu; : www4.ncsu.edu/~ojrojas Office Hours: One hour before lectures or by appointment. Course website: www4.ncsu.edu/~ojrojas/wps595i.html Meeting Times and Place Tuesdays and Thursdays, 2:50 PM to 4:05 PM Location: Jordan 1220 (see building index www.ncsu.edu/campus_map/building-index.htm) University Fall 2007 calendar: www.ncsu.edu/reg_records/calendars/academicfall.html Objectives To introduce colloidal and interfacial phenomena and discuss relevance of interfaces in heterogeneous systems, their structure, stability and transfer processes. To describe the effect of intermolecular and surface forces is dispersion stability, capillary effects and interfacial behavior. To determine the structures that result from molecular adsorption at interfaces. To describe the association phenomena of surface-active materials, association and adsorption. To explain the fundamentals in emulsion, foam and dispersion formulation. Learning Outcomes Upon successful completion of this course, students are expected to: Explain the similarities and differences in molecular, thermodynamic and mechanical properties of interfaces, mesophases, and colloidal systems. Apply these principles to the design of complex multiphase processes and products.

Supporting Materials No specific book is required. Handout notes and paper reprints will be provided. A three-ring binder is recommended to collect the information and handouts. All material used in class will be accessible via course web page. For complementary reading the following references are suggested: No specific book is required. Handout notes and paper reprints will be provided. A three-ring binder is recommended to collect the information and handouts.

All material used in class will be accessible via course web page. For complementary reading the following references are suggested: 1. "Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, 6th Edition," Arthur W. Adamson, Alice Gast (Contributor), John Wiley & Sons; ISBN: 0471148733. 2. Surfactants and Interfacial Phenomena, 2nd Edition, Milton J. Rosen, John Wiley & Sons; ISBN: 0471836516 3. Surfaces, Interfaces, and Colloids: Principles and Applications, 2nd Edition Drew Myers, Wiley-VCH; ISBN: 0471330604 4. The Colloidal Domain: Where Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Technology Meet, D. F. Evans and H. Wennerstrom, VCH, New York, 1994. 5. Principles of Colloid and Surface Chemistry, P. C. Hiemenz and R. Rajagopalan, 3rd ed., Dekker, New York, 1997 6. Foundations of Colloid Science, R. J. Hunter, Vols. I and II, Oxford Science, Oxford, 1989.

List of Course Topics Course topics will be divided into four modules. At the end of each module the students will pick a study case to be dissected using the principles learned in classes. This discussion will be developed in the form of presentations and group activities. Modules (see specific dates at the end of this syllabus) Module 1 - Surfactants and Polymers in Fluid Media Surface tension and surface energies Surfactants and phase behavior Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance Surfactant properties and technical uses Polymers in solution phase behavior, self-assembly and gel formation Interaction between polymers and surfactants Study case options may include: self assembling, biomembranes, equilibrium and nonequilibrium effects, packing and surfactant assembly, natural-based surfactants and biopolymers (synthesis, properties and applications), surface viscoelasticity, surfactant and polymer exchange, etc. Module 2 - Solid surfaces Adsorption basic concepts and experimental methods Adsorption of surfactants on hydrophilic and hydrophobic solid surfaces Adsorption of polymers Polyelectrolyte Multilayers Interactions between polymers and surfactants at solid surfaces Wetting, spreading and adhesion Study case options may include: adhesive and cohesive energies, hydrophobization, coating, stimuli-responsive surfaces, skin surfaces and interactions with cosmetic formulations, lubrication, wear and tribology, etc.

Module 3 - Colloids and Interaction Forces Forces between colloidal particles Electrostatic stabilization Steric stabilization and flocculation Electrokinetic phenomena in surface chemistry Study case options may include: surface forces and colloids, computational methods in calculation of surface forces, molecular dynamics simulation, implications in rheological behaviors, pore structure and surfactant/polymer penetration, etc. Module 4 - Multiphasic Systems Formulation Engineering Solid dispersions Foams stability and breaking Emulsions and emulsion formulation: Physicochemical formulation Formulation generalized expressions and real systems Solubilization in microemulsions Properties, bidimensional map and inversion Emulsification methods: Principles and technology. Study case options may include: mineral flotation; recycled paper deinking; deposits and foam control, formulation of dispersed systems, emulsion making, painting and coating formulations, surface cleaning, etc.

Methods of Assessment and Grading Individual take-home problems (homework) involving calculations and interpretation. A mid-term test Oral presentation. Grading: Homework (about one every week), 35% Mid term exam (1), 25% Oral Presentations (2) , 15% Final Exam, 25% Students will be graded on a scale from +A to F according to: A+ >=96.6 86.6 <= B+ < 90 76.6 <= C+ < 70 66.6 <= D+ < 70 93.3 <= A < 96.6 83.3 <= B < 86.6 73.3 <= C < 76.6 63.3 <= D < 66.6 F < 60 90 <= A- < 93.3 80 <= B- < 83.3 70 <= C- < 73.3 60 <= D- < 63.3

Attendance: Full participation in classes and examinations is expected of all students. If you are unable to attend, please contact the instructor prior to class. For further explanation on the nature of excused and unexcused absences please refer to the university attendance regulation at www.ncsu.edu/policies/academic_affairs/courses_undergrad/REG02.20.3.php.Makeup sessions will be arranged if needed.

End-of-semester class evaluations (ClassEval): Online class evaluations will be available for students to complete during the last two weeks of class (November 26-December 9). All evaluations are confidential; instructors will never know how any one student responded to any question, and students will never know the ratings for any particular instructors. Evaluation website: https://classeval.ncsu.edu More information about ClassEval: www2.acs.ncsu.edu/UPA/classeval/index.htm Academic Integrity: All students are expected to follow the Universitys Code of Student Conduct. The policy on academic integrity can be found in www.ncsu.edu/policies/student_services/student_conduct/POL445.00.1.htm. It is the teacher's understanding and expectation that the student's signature on any test or assignment means that the student neither gave nor received unauthorized aid. Be certain to cite references used for assignments. Plagiarism will not be accepted and may result in a failing grade and/or expulsion from the University. Accommodations Reasonable accommodations will be made for students with verifiable disabilities. In order to take advantage of available accommodations, students must register with Disability Services for Students (DSS) at 1900 Student Health Center, Campus Box 7509, 515-7653 (www.ncsu.edu/provost/offices/affirm_action/dss/) and should see Dr. Rojas with the appropriate paperwork from DSS. Lecture dates (subject to change) Module 1: August 1. Thu 23 2. Tue 28 3. Thu 30 September 4. Tue 04 5. Thu 06 Tue 11: No class (to be combined with WPS 595B Sept 4, tba) Thu 13: No class (to be combined with WPS 595B Sept 6, tba) 6. Tue 18 Module 2: 7. Thu 20 8. Tue 25 9. Thu 27 October 10. Tue 02 11. Thu 04 12. Tue 09: Exam Thu 11: Fall break (no class) 13. Tue 16: Student presentations # 1

Module 3 14. Thu 18 15. Tue 23 16. Thu 25 17. Tue 30 November 18. Thu 01 19. Tue 06 20. Thu 08 21. Tue 13 Module 4 22. Thu 15 23. Tue 20 Thu 22: Thanksgiving break (no class) 24. Tue 27 25. Thu 29 December 26. Tue 04 27. Thu 06: Student presentations #2