Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Unit
2 (2)
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number of stars in the universe; astronomers only a few af these through their telescopes.
can
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transmitted. 7. Caged animals often become merely sit to their surrounding and
the
10. When the police
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2.1 Their meaning and Use
uon~~~aoin~i.~~n'sln~iu~i~diu~ RU u i;mi ~ a dL i Ld R~ Zf ~~~~ JL n L~R a~ &dor~'o~vI.re~Cr~I%n'i;oni.ro:~~~id~1~~~udiu1u~u o~cio~~dni.rI~ih~u~1u eYa " d.rrlonsi?o d n d 1 a ~ ~ u w n ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ d i 1 ~ O'~~~'UGMRILI iu~~d~1u Parts niw of speech &t.f~?fl% u~m-riurnuiuuodi~1ru~nei~jn'~ (iJlljad~~W fast i IUI.JT:IU~~Q'~J~
We were told to drive too faat (adverb) The natives fast periodicklly because they believe that it improves their health. (verb) The fast train roared through the village. (adjective) The fast lasted for several days. (noun)
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3.1 Types of Pronouns
mine, your-
Ro hmmuiudIa?u
relative clauses
win
He is the man who won the tournament, The machine which broke down has now been repaired.
3.2
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*In Africa, they have many curious tribal customs.* ~ ~ ~ T U R ~ { I ~ ~ L ~ ' I I Q ~ I
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Rewrlte the sentences, correctlng the errors. Then underline each pronoun once and Its antecedent twice.
1 John sold James his book because he wanted another one.
2. Mary told her mother that she could buy the groceries if she had any money.
3. The law says to keep the rlghf, but they don't say that what the penalty will be
for disobeying.
Summary of Correct Pronouh Use 1. A Pronoun should have a clearly identified antecedent, with which it agrees in person, number, and gender.
And so, neighbors please vote for Ms. Stone and me [not Ms.Stone and I].
I
5. Remember that the case Of, who is determined by its use in its own clause. It may
be a direct object that precedes the subject [whom has your wife Invited?] or a
I
subject immediately following a verb or a preposition [We wonder who wllt wln.
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Practlce Exercises
A.
"2
1. Gunpowder
2. No man
3. 1
about losing my job, but I don't worry about it now. (frighten) to someone with
to make
10. Thomas Edison was well known for ( to work / working) very long hour.
C. Put the verbs In brackets into the correct tense or form In the following
passage.
On (see) the wild elephant, the two hunters (leap) past them. They (know) then the
My favorite place
My favorite place on campus (be) the grass hill (overlook) Putah Creek. Just behind the administration building, the hill (cover) with soft green grass and (lave) ducks (live) faculty members (bring)
I
them pieces of bread. Next to the water, there Is the to this grassy
there or just (watch) a redwood bench; you can sit or s ~ k y children (play) on the edgp of water. I like (go)
. After
I (spread)
on my bank and
the clouds overhead. After a short while at peaceful spot, I feel and ready (go) back to my studies.
27
Past partlclplal adjectives usually suggest (1) the emotion that a person feels or (2) a completed actipn. to be excited to be surprised to be bored to be disgusted to be interested to be frightened to be troubled to be puzzled or confuged feel excitement feel surprise feel boredom feel disgust feel interest in someone or something feel fright feel trouble feel puzzlement or confusion
Practice Exercised
A. Complete the sentences for e
or -ed
expected. (disappoint-)
2. Diana teaches young children. It's a very hard job but she enjoys it. (exhaust-) a. She enjoys her job but it's often b. At the end of a day's work, she is often
3. It's been raining all day. I hate this weather. (depress-)
Julia is going to the United States next month. She has never been there before. (excite) a. It will be an
,
,
in art.
. I fell asleep.
12. 1 asked Emily if she wanted to come out with us but she wasn't 13. I've been working hard all day and now I'm 14. Tom is very good at telling funny stories. He can be very 15. Liz is a very person. She knows a lot, she
C.
Respond to the following Items In a complete sentence. Use an appropriate partlclplai adjective based on the verb in parentheses. The flrst one has been done as an example.
1. (fascinate) Does the study of anthropology interest you? Anthropology k a fascinating subiect to me.
4. (disappoint I grade)
5. (frighten)
8. (aguse)
1. The dog under the table is Trooper. f%l 2. The dog the table is Trooper.
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Practice Exercises A.
Complete the following passage by putting the correct prepositions in spaces.
where more than one position is possible, write your second1 third choices in brackets after your first choice.
me.
July, the boy was summoned to the mathematics and he had a few minutes, the headmaster had him and
made his point, suggesting that some of tha bays' friends were not good were the cause his iaziness
school. 'The head master added that his work school the rest a time the
unless there was a big improvement year, he would have to suspend him least. It was his own good.
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2. The men failed to reach the top of the mountain because the weather was bad. (owing to )
3. The cost of living was high because the price of food has risen. (on account of)
4. The plane crashed because one of the engines failed (because of)
7. She was absent from school for a long time because she was ill. (according to)
8. Wena will not go to study at London, but she will go to Australia, (instead of)
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Adjectives
Preposltlonal Phrases
The closet In the hall is too narrow. Schools of salmon appear along the coast of Alaska
~ufliuoarffu?rii,prepositional
Adverbs
The team won easlly. The Browns will 'follow later.
Mistakenly I gave you the
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Preposltlonal Phrases
The team won wlth ease. 'The Brown6 will follow at a later tlme.
'
wrong address.
nl.ndud m ul$ prepositional phrases $ u $ ~ w ~ ~ : ~ U R U ~Jtl?n:<@ UYQ~~ J::TJIH' ~O u m ~ ~ u ~ a i i t d ~ n i u i d a~ r f im nw i ~ i m f i f ~ o w w u r i o u ~rinflnw~tuulauuda iio d'rlu a oindiInsdv?nr?nd~:ni~ d~:lsfidwuliouiIo u l u K o ~ u u u n ~ ~ u u ~C ~d nm d n~ w~h ~~umlvlojnrlw ** ~o In this rodrn has 8 students ~ J L U U ~ ~ ~ ~ U ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ & ~ J n I w & n f p d 3 : b J d a n h J h In thla'mom are 8 students. H?Q Elght students are
In thk room.
IUT~\JJIT%
Wlth perseverance Tom succeedbd. (Here the phrases precedes the verb
succeeded and answers the question how.)
We i l l go home during the afternoon. (The adverb phrase follows the verb phrase wlll go and answers the question when.) We walked down the street for more than an hour. (Down the street follows walked and tells where ; for more than an hour also modifies walked and tells how long.)
C. Divide a sheet of paper into four columns, labeling them adjectlve Phrases, Words
Modlfled, Adverb Phrases, Wonds Modlfled. Select the adjective and adverb phrases from the following sentences and write them in the appropriate columns. Then, rewrite each sentence, substituting your own prepositional phrases.
1. The lamp on the table is bright.
2. The lamp Is on the table.
4. Down the road came the men. 5. "A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush."
6. Our train leaves early in the morning.
The flrst and the second sentence have been done as examples. Adj. Phrases
1. on the table 2.
Adv. Phrases.
Words mod.
on the table
is
, * Y
LI
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*... In actual use of language people do not just produce sentences, but
(Widdowson, 1979
express concept and fulfill communicative functions in doing so" pages 252-253)
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