Date: 3rd, 6th, 7th December 2007 Subject: Chemistry December Class: Grade 9 No.

of students: 22 Duration of lesson: 1hour 10 minutes Unit topic: Physical vs. Chemical Change Lesson Topic: Physical vs. Chemical Change Strategies: Lecture-Discussion, Direct Instruction, and Co-operative Learning. General Objectives: Students should gain knowledge about the Chemical and Physical changes. Specific Objectives: From the slides shown, students should be able to: 1. Recognize that matter can undergo two changes, permanent or temporary. 2. Define Physical and Chemical Change in terms of; permanence or reversibility, energy change, formation of new substances, change in mass.

Previous Knowledge: Students are familiar with the particulate nature of and the different states of matter. Summary of Content: A physical change is reversible, a chemical change is not. For example, the freezing of water would be a physical change because it can be reversed, whereas the burning of wood is a chemical change - you can't 'unburn' it. A physical change is a change in which no new substance is formed; a chemical change results in the formation of one or more new substances. Freezing water into ice just results in water molecules which are 'stuck' together - it's still H2O. Whereas burning wood results in ash, carbon dioxide, etc, all new substances which weren't there when you started.

Physical change: Although some extensive properties (like shape, phase, etc.) of the material change, the material itself is the same before and after the change. The change can be undone.

Ice melting: an example of physical change. Chemical change: The substances present at the beginning of the change are not present at the end; new substances are formed. The change cannot be undone.

A nail rusting: an example of chemical change.

Definition

Definition

Physical Change

The matter is the same. The original matter can be recovered. The matter is different.

The particles of the substance are rearranged.

Chemical Change

The old matter is no longer present. The original matter cannot be recovered.

The particles of the substance are broken apart, and the atoms are rearranged into new particles, forming a new substance.

Examples: Many changes of state are easy to characterize based on the definitions above, including the following: Physical Changes Aluminum foil is cut in half. Clay is molded into a new shape. Butter melts on warm toast. Water evaporates from the surface of the ocean. A juice box in the freezer freezes. Rubbing alcohol evaporates on your hand. Chemical Changes A match is lit. Jewelry tarnishes. Bread becomes toast. Rust forms on a nail left outside. Gasoline is ignited. Hydrogen peroxide bubbles in a cut. Food scraps are turned into compost in a compost pile.

Instructional Materials: Computer, and Multimedia Projector. Procedure:

Step 1. (10 minutes) Teacher introduces the lesson and will lead a question session to ascertain students previous knowledge about chemical and physical changes. Step 2. (50 minutes) Teacher will develop the lesson. Step 3. (10 minutes) Teacher will ask students to identify chemical and physical changes from the examples given.

Evaluation: Students were unsure at first about what a physical change was and what a chemical change was. They however as the class progressed understood the distinction and could easily identify a chemical and a physical change.