(VerbaI : Gerund)

R?SS~~{Y

1. qr~Ru~%?.la.~ Gerund ~u97h::6ufiun~u7

2. 3duuuu04 Gerund
3.

nfidtla4 Gerund k ~ d 5 6 ~ ~

!imnrJsaa~6 q
1. i#ikoh54as'74 ruazn'n
2. lzflu Gerund IU~JLWU~N 7 lri?OGerund~fl&~
1 '

i ~bar n u#~~oau'id?~m Gerund aud.rzlun 4. ufhu Gerund ~ 7 ~ ~ 63g id U~ l : : ~ I U ~ U7~16~n604 N

3.

~~n'.e7flriuni1 Gerund (Verbal: Gerund)

6~n'iu~rnui5nn5rvlu~6na1u~duuu1~ uardinfi~66w 7 n'u usi~d vde: uruu1e~niu~dnu~5nrh~u~nuduZiu~u~~~0 n i d y d V-ing d4dunji Gerund 3 4w ld niu~h~duuuuuana~~udur~u~n'u present participle urnnu5undadi~nir u~57::vi7 v d l d ~uInn4n'uGerund rh~u'7d~annl5n5I~l htlN-n Resent Participle U R F I J ~ driidu
c (

~ ~ ~

Examples

Notes
d'
dd
s

a. We have been dancing for an hour. V-ing ~ ~ d ~ ~ ~ f l f i ~ ~ R ~ 4 1 . l m ~ n 7 5 ( u n l n ~

f u ; 1 9 u d u n %tdu
\ .

present participle V-ing

d' ~U~SZTURULLR~WIWE~I URz

b. Dancing is fun.

v d d ~ I M U I W ~ ~ U U I U ~ ~ ~ S I U "isyy UO~

thas'u Gerund
*

~ ~ ~ ~ U L A U J ~ I R ~ Y ~7" w { ~% In Z iUi ~ Simple I~~

I

Gerund
I

6kd& Gerund UR3DU 1 ~8ud~vdsmou9zij~nj1 Gerund phrase

1

4 . d

'

~xam)les
1

Notes "studying" 6 9 ~ Simple gerund "studying English" 1814Gerund phrase

a. Studying is 'important.

b. Studying English is important.

dsuuneu63u Gerund hnssu

v d WOd3W9189

Gerund (Functions of Gerund)

d:

Gerund 80 t 1 3 U i l U i d ~ V-ing ~~ d l ~ ~ k R ~ O ~ Q%UU d 1 Gerund ~ 1 ~ ?4

dnnfidszIfl~lud716~d4di4 1 ~ ~ ~ u u ~ i . l m ~ i ~ k d u r 8a ~ u dszmu ~ n ' u ~ nssu ~u~u

nssuaa4vlun rrard3udu~munrdudiuiu(Noun Complement)

dd

Function

Example

Notes

Subject

a. Aerobic is a good exercise.

b. Swimming is go

bb

swimming"
V d d

L ~ Gerund U $ I

~ui~bdud5zijiu
Object

I c.
d.

Martina Hingis enjoys the

show.

"the show" ~ ~ U U I U $ ~ M ~ I ~

Martina Hingis enjoys

reading novels.

"reading novels" L ~ Gerund U

$7~uinsdunssu
Wdd

Object of Preposition

e. My son is fond of basketball.

L ~ U ~ ~ ~ ~ B I '"of' LIEIU

f.

My son is fond of playing

basketball.

"playing basketball"
v d
d

L ~ U

Gerund $i~uinbdun5~u~al

Noun Complement

I
I

g.

What he enjoys most is the

party.

'the party"'

L~UUIU dlW(i7d
I

duhu~iiur8~6tfJuuiu

h.

What he enjoys most is

singing.

"singingh L ~ Gerund U rhWfi$

t.9~ Noun Complement

Exercise 1
Reading the following sentences carefully and identify whether V-ing fo in each sentence is Present Participle or Gerund. Also explain its Gnction.

Examples
Jane has been living in this house for three years. (present participle, part of Continuous tense)
I

Living in Bangkok is not easy.

(Gerund; subject)

1.
2.

John was washing his car while his wife was cooking. She is watching her son playing in the field.
I

3.
4. 5.
6. 7. 8.

He prefers reading to writing. His hobby is collecting stamps. Having won the match, Serena-wasoverwhelmed with joy. His only precious memory is watching his child growing up.

It is disadainting to see lot of r~bbish~around the campus.

Her comin'g late annoyed her friends. Listen to the singing bird.
)

9.

10.

People are warned to stock food and drinking water in time of war.
-5

6fltt~t"1184 Gerund (Characteristics of Gerund) A a! H 4 Gerund ~ E n I3ui~Jttuuu azuu Gerund W U ~ ( U I U ~ ~ L ~ R Z & Y O I I

diq 7 tdulrnn'udidai~~un"~~d80 1. a~u~railnrsuu~~d~Mnu~ud0~ 7

G~IUIKI

rn~~~nM4n'i~i5tmM'd7.~ 7 v u i ~ l 6 '~in~Swnnrsun3ui

muiroinrroj2g

i
1

1 I

a. Throwing stones can be dangerous.

( "throwing"

I ~ U Gerund L L R : ~

'stones"

b. Her problem is eating poorly.

"eating" L ~ Gerund U U

R "poorly" ~

L~v~~~'P~L~~w~~!IuIPu
c. I began reading a novel yesterday. "reading" L ~ Gerund U

i i "novel"

L ~ U

nssu uar "yesterday'

L ~ u ~ ~ ~ u ' P ~ L I W ~

uonna~rh~m?fu

2.

sramsnla (Tense)
~nn3u71nu$31doriin7snsro7u tense rweunm~3ndt.ftmiui7L8u
d

J o p h a 8 ~vl?aarr7nm 1 hn% Gerund Q - n s r tense ~~ 1 6 2 1d #a

2 .l Non-past form (Ving) I ~ u R ~ ~ u ~ ~ u ~ B ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ L L ~ ' u o ~ ~ ~ : : I u R

LLa:: Gerund Lft~~d~aL3i37b~fl3n'pd vl?~~fl&.~~~<J

2.2 Past form (Having + Ved) ~ f l u n n ~ v l ~ ~ u ~ ~ v l ~ n ~ s f ~ " I ~
Gerund b f t ~ f i ~ ~ d ~ ~ ~ 7 L L h 0 9 d 5 : ~ ~ f i

Examples

Notes

a. Getting up early is a good habit.

"getting up early" L ? ~ ~ ~ ~ J ~ L ~ ~ G ~ F I ? u ~ ' L J

~Yu~IPSU~LLVY "is"
b. John's
)~ great relief was having "having his thesis" L f t ~ l f i ~uarau[jm
i39bL63 ~9I,%lfl~fll "was"

...

finished his thesis.

3.

U1GiU33'3n (Voice)

Gerund flluisn 16dm47l~n1~1d~68~7 n'un5uin"~1dnn'i?la Gerund

noturmqdnsspion (Active Voice) hwo:nsroiutgu V-ing hu3dnssuno

(Passive voice) O ~ ~ : O I U L ~ Ubeing + V-ed

Examples

Notes

a. Tom hates annoying anyone.

"annoying" ofluplnssq7ion

b. Tom hates being annoyed.

'being annoyed" o Q l ~ 3nssu33on d

$El8~6flDl

\unisns:oiu3d
1.

Gerund kiiilunssq7ion v~onssu71onkli84mmm~w

w a r

h Gerund ifiuonssuniui (Intransitive verb) oznsroidnjlh8u?

irifl~:~itlt!h Ving
I

l o nssqnon
2.
64f.I

~ l n 6 ~ ~ R n ~ (Transitive ~ u n i ~verb) i k$nszoiut~u3dnssq7ion

Gerund %~S~URIUM& k(/fl~:~ifllfhVing + Object

Examples
a. Tom does not like going out.

Notes

d ~ 3 7 ~ ~ ~ 7 "Tom EJj7 does not like

Tom goes out"

gil "Tom" LiluCjYh

n i u l t n ~knsro7u Gerund tfiunsz? 378fl

b. Tom does not like leaving his ~ ? ~ u M u ~ E "Tom J < ~does not like +

children at home.

Tom leaves his children at home Gerund k8un5sqa7on

Gil

ccTom"~ ~ u ~ ? i i l l t l i U 7 t&n51olu nJ

c. Tom does not like being left alone.

7 "Tom ~ does ~ ~ not like 7 + ~

Tom is left aloneyy Zil Tom ij16vi7niu7 a: uuLQJ h s r o 7 u Gerund 8u~dnssa

97~n

gdrruuaaa Gerund ( ~ o r m s of Gerund) d Gerund ~ ~ U ~ S O ~ S W ~ U L S U 7 ZLWDLLRIJ~7RUIIr?7Q~ ~LLUU~~P RIU

nnrrau7sao~~na7ud6il~n7s~u"uu~~iil~du'
1.
V-ing
~?.J7u% Gerund d ~ n ? 7 U ~ U l l l L ~ ~ n ~ 5 URznsro7~1 ~97Qn

kflu Non-past form

2.

!.ifn ~ o l n l ~ ~ n 7 ' l n s r ? GIiu~u i 7 i 1 ~ baa71 J LLR noi7Jo7nn5u7&kn?u

Having + Ved wuluk Gerund ~ ~ A ~ ~ U M U ~ U L U ~ R :U ~ S S ~ ? ~ O ~ Being + Ved auwk Gerund ~ J F ~ U M U ~ ~ & ~ ~ ~ ua:: ~ S ~ U T W I

n s m u d u Past form ~ d ~ ~ ~ ~ m ~ ~ ~ n ~ ~ n s r ? i ~ u ' ~ 5 m n ' n 1 ~ n ^ s ~ ~ ~ t ~ u d s : : 1 ~ 1 n

3.
nsr97uL8u Non-past form n"su7rtn'ludsrIun

~dn~~a~~~il~n~~n~r?i7i1~mBu~u1aa71~~~~)

4.

Having been V-ed

MUlU&

Gerund ~ ~ F ~ u H u ~ u L ~ u ~ ~ ~

UR~S:P~UL~ pist U

form ~ d a ~ ~ ~ ~ j ~ n i 5 ~ 5 r ~ ~ d ~ ~ ~ d a u n 3 ~ ~

Examples

a. Going shopping is fun.

fl5~9iU~~ufl55~~ UR: 1 9 Non-past fl

form b. Mary felt tiredr after having gone shopping all day. c. The teacher disliked being cheated.
fl5:91~L~~fl'l'lUT19fl L P : : Non-past n5eviutCluns5qa7~n un::

Past form

form d. Tom was pleased about having

been awarded the student of the

year.

Exercise 2

Reading the following sentences carefully and put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of Gerunds.
Examples

She enjoys sitting by the river watching the scenery.

1. If you use the shower, try and avoid (splash) water on the floor.
'

2.

He admitted (steal) the car, but denied (drive) EN 206

130

,. -.

..

3. ' I enjoy (be) aIan6; (&%) 'bdoks, and (listen) to the music.
-

4.

They got into the house by (break) a'kitchen window and (climb)

in.
5.

(Exercise) is perfect for (release) tension. The boy was punished by (send) to bed without (have) any supper. John was scared of (see) (sneak) out of the classroom.

6.

7.

8. John was excited after (tell) of good news.

9.

What do you prefer, (go) shopping or (watch) the movie?

10.. She began (work) after (draw) curtains.

n75tikd5~7~ Gerund 0~ (Subject of Gerund)

6k6% Gerund osrhau~ndut~~ouiiuiu 660; G e m d tflun3u7;duuu

1164

Y d d

aguu~~4~&1~iMii$ns d~criuni~~dds~mu'p~o~ ~er~n iM d iwiTn6nmd;qd 1. wndwnuao4 Gerund r8u R55WUlU 'LM'~u"uudsrmu~flu;d6~

~ my, U

u~nqm~ub~u~&vo4 (possessive case) ld%lfi Genmd L

its, their
2.

your, his, her,

amds:muaoq
Y W .

~8ushuiu I~~LSUU~~UHRU~~TULC~S~~~
Gerund bdll the boy's, Tom's

I1nu65u 's

~ W R J R ~ U ~ ~ J 66~rdBul%lIh I%J

bflU6I.4
3.
4.

nsddszmmtw &d

~~I (Non-personal ~YR noun) A ~ % 1R 6fl~

ldi'i.fc3 G m d

n~u~i$fl~a~u%&u~~bduuiflu~dn5f SJ (objective case)

J?

H ~ ~ ~ $ ~ ~ U ~ ~ ~ U A ~ U ~ W M " S O6dU ~ ~anyone, S ~ U ~ U ~ U ' ~ I Q W ~ : :

someone, everyone ~flU6UW ~ D A ? ~ U W U I U I I M1(5:~1U%lUl~ ~'I:~~~R~~~'I$~~~

gain

l ~ f 1 3 5 k %~ 1~ 3~aad~~m Gerund utl~u

Examples
i

Notes

a. She is fond of Tom's cooking.

bfl~d5~h~1~09 Gerund dtr~'lu2dkRn~Rnubfl~b<i1~0.~

"Tom's" "our" bgud~~"tiiuaa.~ Gerund b~PI1dl0d

b.

Do you mind our smoking?

~dqmh6~urn~umu~flu~<iaa~
U

c. We insisted on rich and poor being treated alike.

"rich apd poor" L ~ ~ U ~ S I B ~ U U O P Gerund ~qu~flwmI~u$au %lb%l~d%~

d
d W

d. Will you approve of me and my

"me and my friend" ~flud~rmu~aq Gerund n01aflwtMu"#u$a u

ddo,

friend anending the' class as

visitors. e. There was no sign of the dinner appearing before I left.

3s!a flu'lu

"the dinner" bfl~dSIti1 W ~ J Gerund

unr~flu~iuiudind~nm 3~iiuulu 2dns5u 1Jiinis.1~~dsrsiuva+ Gerund unn+ii d w m-rn-r~rhdaio~~uua.~ rjInn1n

I
'

f. Watching TV is fun.

g. Tom loves swimming in the seasf

IW~SZTPIR"Tom" ~SU"~~IU~JOS~SITEJR
fl7~~7Ylbd~d~U"Bl~'1109 Gerund Ghtr 7q1u'dir8u&q4uu&~n
Wdd

b%~u'l~Id~d unfl4nnuL

~~U ~ ' I V E(possessive ~Q case)

Examples

Notes

a. Do you mind their coming late. b. Do you mind them coming late. c. I'm &aid of John's losing the way.
d. I'm afraid of John losing the way

ni~~b%ttd
ni~lyjfl

~ I W I L ~ ~ U

. ,-,

nlrti~~

Exercise 3
Fill in the blanks with suitable form of Subject for Gerund.

Examples
We enjoy (Jane, sing) We enjoy Jane's singing.

1.

Sarah's parents were pleased to hear the good news of (she, get

married).
2.

Tom loves (his wife, cook), so he refuse; to eat at any restaurant. It won't be any use (you, try) to borrow any more money. I remember (he, ask) for this book last Friday. I can't insist on (you, leave) early, but if you are set on (stay) any longer, you risk (lose) the last train home.
h

3.
4.
I

1I
I

5.

I,
I

8.

I did not mind (they, come) late for the lecture. I know you will not mind (I, point out) that very small children need (look after) more than older ones.

7.

8.

Please excuse (we, come) a little late without (inform) you before. -hand.
I
I

9.
!

I can't understand (he, be) in love. Do you mind (I, see) your photos again?
1 '

10.

n3m 15 dohuaudwiu~icr Gerund

(Verb, Phrase or Expression followed by Gerund)'

G l u u

OI

a '

. 1.
2.
3.

nirnulrndu rdu avoid, dislike, enjoy

Verb + Reposition Ul(fl[i~L d u adjust to, depend on, look forward

;
I I

t o , refer to

.-

Be + Adjective + Reposition U l ~ f l 4L~ ~ afraid U of, essential to,

Examples

Notes

d. Don't complain about getting caught in the traffic jam.

'getting"

&flu Gerund d~fl55a.J?.109

"about"
I ~ u Gerund L ~ ) U " ~ ~ U I I D J

lpun

e. The child is afraid of being in the dark.

f. Arnold is famous for having won

I "being"

"having won" L ~ UGemn'd ~8un55u

the gold medal.

slauywun "for"

g. My parents had a difficult time raising their kids. h. It's no use arguing with one another.

~ f Gerund l ~ Lfl~55~110.1 d1~7~ "having 3 ~ ... time"

'raising"
d 1 ~ "it's 3 ~ no use" iEI4011~~3~

Gerund

i. I can't help buying such a lovely

dress.

"can't help" ~ ~ J o ) I Gerund u ~ u

dun'u

'PIElH46flol

01

n\jaJfl%l 3;

~ % h u ? u 9 i7 lc C(mm6ai?a Gerund ~ L ~ U J I U I U U &I6 I~

sau5aa~Iflu~11~ wuan

Exercise 4 Complete thk following sentences by putting the given verbs into the Gerund form. Examples I began reading a novel yesterday.

1.

T ~ you Afor (lend) us the book.

umbrella.

We shall enjoy (read) it.

I can't help (wonder) whether we should risk (go) without our

My uncle has given up (smoke) and now prefer (eat) sweets, John is fond of (go) out and (play) tennis. It's no use (ask) him to lend you any money. They insisted on (hold) a party this weekend. Our friend object to (leave) so soon. We are looking forward to (see) you on the Homecoming Day. I considered (think) about (paint) the ceiling ivory.
'
1

It went on (rain) for days.

Exercise 5

Complete the following sentences by putting the given verbs into the Gerund form. Be sure to put its subject where necessary.
Examples

(Jane, singing) is great. Jane's singing is great.

1. (John, see) at the bank

of (rob) the bank.
2.

police believed that he was guilty

Upon (leave) Thailand, some foreign tourists are pleased to have had a good time, and they are looking forward to (have) such fun again next year.

3.
4.

He has decided to stop (smoke) after (warn) by the doctor. What about (leave) it here and (collect) it later? He denied (be) to the t.

5.
6. 7.

Norman enjoys (eat) and (drink), but he does not want to dance.

Mary is tired of (cook) and (db) the washing.

a r y goes out (do) her shopping and (get) a break. 8. M

9.

The whole family has become accustomed to (eat) different kinds of food.

10. Jenny has always been interested in (learn) and (get) to know different cultures.
i