Grammar Review Second day September 9, 2012, Sunday Page 31 - First paragraph - Seven sentences complex, complex, simple,

e, simple 1st sentence: Dame Hortenses hotel consisted of a row of old bathing-huts joined together. Subject Verb Object Adjective clause Dame Hortenses hotel consisted of a row of old bathing-huts (which/that were) joined together 2nd sentence: The first was the shop where you could buy sweets, cigarettes, peanuts, lamp-wicks, alphabets, candles and benjamin. Subject Verb Object Adjective clause where (in which) you could buy sweets, cigarettes, peanuts, lamp-wicks, The first was the shop alphabets, candles and benjamin. 3rd sentence: Four adjoining huts formed the dormitory. Subject Verb Object Four adjoining huts formed the dormitory 4th sentence: Behind, in the yard, were the kitchen, the washhouse, the henhouse and the rabbit hutches. Adverb Subject Verb Object Inversion Behind the kitchen, the washhouse, the henhouse and the rabbit hutches were in the yard 5th sentence: Thick bamboos and prickly pears were planted in the fine sand all around. (Passive voice) Subject Verb Adverb of place Adverb of Manner Thick bamboos and prickly pears were planted in the fine sand all around 6th sentence: The whole place smelled of the sea, excrement and urine. Subject Verb (linking verb) Adjective phrase The whole place smelled of the sea, excrement and urine 7th sentence: But, from time to time, Dame Hortense passed by and the air changed its odoras if someone had emptied a hairdressers bowl under your nose. Conjunction Adverb subject Verb Conjunction But from time to time Dame Hortense pass by and Subject The air Notes
Verb Consisted Proposition of Phrasal Verb pass by Meaning Move past Adjective adjoining Noun huts Possessive Dame Hortenses Noun Hotel

Verb changed

Object its odor

Conditional and unreal tense (as if/as though past perfect subjunctive) as if someone had emptied a hairdressers bowl under your nose.

Linking Verb smelled was Noun old bathing-huts the shop

Adjective/Noun of the sea, excrement and urine the shop where..

Noun Noun bathing (-)huts wash house

Compound noun bathing-huts washhouse Kinds Adjective Clause

Modifier (which/that were)joined together where (in which) you could buy sweets, .

As if / as though conditional Past tense + as if / as though + past perfect subjunctive = an unreal situation The air changed its odor as if someone had emptied a hairdressers bowl under your nose. She seemed as if she hadnt slept for days. (It seems that she hasn't slept for days, but she has slept.)

AS IF / AS THOUGH (http://www.grammaring.com/as-if-as-though) IF Clauses that start with as if / as though describe an unreal or improbable situation if they are followed by an unreal tense (a past subjunctive or a past perfect subjunctive). Otherwise, they express that the statement is true. The past subjunctive after as if / as though indicates an unreal situation in the present. However, if the situation is true, we use a real tense expressing present time: He looks as if he knew the answer. (he gives the impression that he knows the answer, but he doesn't know, probably doesn't know or we don't know whether he knows or not) He looks as if he knows the answer. (he knows the answer) If we put the verb preceding as if / as though into the past tense, the present simple knows changes into past simple, whereas the past subjunctive knew stays the same. Therefore both sentences will read as follows: He looked as if he knew the answer. Consequently, the meaning of this sentence (whether he knew the answer or not) can only be deduced from the context. The past perfect subjunctive after as if / as though is used to refer to an unreal past situation. If the situation is true, we use a real tense expressing past time: He seems as if he hadnt slept for days. (it seems that he hasn't slept for days, but he has, he probably has or we don't know if he has or not) He seems as if he hasn't slept for days. (he hasn't slept for days) If the preceding verb is put into the past tense, the present perfect hasn't slept changes into past perfect, while the past perfect subjunctive hadn't slept stays the same: He seemed as if he hadn't slept for days.