Introduction to Physics James J DeHaven, 2011

Classification and Background Info Division into Active and Passive Components Passive cannot inject energy into a circuit Passive cannot resistors capacitors inductors Active can--Examples diodes transistors (triodes) ICs amplifiers gates (Many classify solid-state diodes as passive) Preliminary explanation of Ohms law Voltage Current AC vs. DC Resistance Equation for resistively Refer to circuit symbols and pictures and commit to memory all symbols and pictures.

Chap19--Circuit Components

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Introduction to Physics James J DeHaven, 2011

Passive Components Resistors What are they an what do they do Obstruct or impede the flow of current We go to great lengths yo ensure they follow Ohms law units of resistance Production of heat Equations for production of Joulean Heat Actually Power

Chap19--Circuit Components

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Introduction to Physics James J DeHaven, 2011

Capacitors What they do 1) Store charge 2) Obstruct DC but pass AC idea of impedance impedance is frequency dependent for capacitance and inductance 3) With resistors they can be used to construct timing circuits

Inductors What they do Obstruct AC but pass DC Their Impedance is also frequency dependent Also used to construct timing circuits Complete explanation depends on understanding of magnetism

Chap19--Circuit Components

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Introduction to Physics James J DeHaven, 2011

Active Components Introductory solid state theory Energy Bands Valence Band Conduction Band Band Gap Energy Band Gap Energy differentiates between Conductors Insulators semiconductors

Semiconductor devices solar cells photoresistors thermistors

Chap19--Circuit Components

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Introduction to Physics James J DeHaven, 2011

Adjusting the properties of semiconductors doping and dopants majority carriers electrons holes n-type phosphorous p-type boron

Chap19--Circuit Components

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Introduction to Physics James J DeHaven, 2011

Diodes P-N junction Analogy of the junior HS dance Reverse Bias vs Forward Bias Functions one way valve convert AC to DC Gives off E&M radiation if hole-electron annihilation is energetic enough LEd Photodiode Incoming photon generates hole-electron pair

Chap19--Circuit Components

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Introduction to Physics James J DeHaven, 2011

Transistors NPN or PNP Thin slice of lunchmeat in a Bulky Roll Understand Emitter-Base-Collector Amplification A small variation in the current in the base emitter circuit Causes a large variation in the emitter collector circuit Transistor operates in linear region Switching Transistor is easily forced into saturation its response to small changes in base current is to switch between conductive and non-conductive state FET Field Effect Transistor Source-gate-Drain Gate fulfills the same function as transistors base

Chap19--Circuit Components

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Introduction to Physics James J DeHaven, 2011

Integrated circuits Gate Packages Electronic implementation of so-called Boolean Algebra Types of Gates NAND, AND, NOT, OR, XOR, etc. Standard symbols Truth Tables

Chap19--Circuit Components

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